outstanding extremely good | excellent to encourage ~ sb (in sth) to give sb support, courage or hope | поддержать, рекомендовать, мотивировать to listen in to listen to a private conversation, especially secretly stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/ physical or mental strength that enables you to do sth difficult for long periods of time | выносливость Northern Lights young-adult fantasy novel by Philip Pullman, published in 1995 by Scholastic UK. Set in a parallel universe, it follows the journey of Lyra Belacqua to the Arctic in search of her missing friend, Roger Parslow, and her imprisoned uncle, Lord Asriel, who has been conducting experiments with a mysterious substance known as "Dust". Northern Lights is the first book of the trilogy, His Dark Materials. Alfred A. Knopf published the first US edition April 1996, under the name The Golden Compass, under which title it was adapted as a 2007 feature film and as a companion video game anthem /ˈænθəm/ song which has a special importance for a country or an organization and is sung on special occasions trivial not important or serious | not worth considering devastated extremely upset and shocked moral /ˈmɔrəl/ practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches you bookkeeper бухгалтер fond of finding sth pleasant or enjoyable, especially sth you have liked or enjoyed for a long time distress feeling of great worry or unhappiness | great suffering | suffering and problems caused by not having enough money, food, etc to deserve if sb/sth deserves sth, it is right that they should have it, because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are jealous feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else | (of sb/sth) feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had sth that sb else has pale (of a person, their face, etc.) having skin that is almost white | having skin that is whiter than usual because of illness, a strong emotion, etc | light in colour | containing a lot of white to hesitate (about / over sth) to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervous | to be worried about doing sth, especially because you are not sure that it is right or appropriate to draw near to become nearer/closer in space or time envelope /ˈenvələup/ folded paper container, usu. with a sealable flap, for a letter etc. | wrapper or covering greasy /ˈɡri:zɪ/ smeared or covered with grease sou /su:/ former French coin of low value | (colloq.) very small amount of money delighted (to do sth) | ~ (that ...) | ~ (by / at / with sth) very pleased to shiver (with sth) (of a person) to shake slightly because you are cold, frightened, excited, etc clasp device that fastens sth, such as a bag or the ends of a belt or a piece of jewellery specially for a particular purpose, person, etc especially more in particular circumstances than in others lately recently to persuade sb (into sth / into doing sth) to make sb do sth by giving them good reasons for doing it | to make sb believe that sth is true specially for a particular purpose, person, etc especially more in particular circumstances than in others actually in fact | used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that sth is really true | used to show a contrast between what is true and what sb believes, and to show surprise about this contrast at the end prepositional phrase that refers to a specific time or location in the end in conclusion, eventually, ultimately in fact actually | used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that sth is really true | used to show a contrast between what is true and what sb believes, and to show surprise about this contrast eventually in the end ideally in a perfect world basically in the main and most important way apparently accordingly to what you have heard or read certainly without doubt obviously clearly (you expect other people to know about it or agree with you) gradually slowly, over a long period of time to suffocate to die because there is no air to breathe | to kill sb by not letting them breathe air | удушить to sack to dismiss to dismiss sb from a job announcement act of publicly informing people about sth | объявление | извещение | сообщение to turn out to result or end | to prove to be in the result or end reluctant (to) hesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do | нежелающий long-haul involving the transport of goods or passengers over long distances turbulence situation in which there is a lot of sudden change, confusion, disagreement and sometimes violence | series of sudden and violent changes in the direction that air or water is moving in hand on heart indicates that one is honest, is not bearing arms, or that one appears to have genuine intentions, or is giving one's word of honour, or is pledging allegiance distraction thing that takes your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about | activity that amuses or entertains you | отвлечение consecutive /kənˈsekjutɪv/ following one after another in a series, without interruption journey time when you travel from one place to another, but does not include the time you stay there trip going somewhere and coming back, including the time you stay there, e.g. a business trip to sift through sth to examine sth very carefully in order to decide what is important or useful or to find sth important to nod off to let your head fall forward when you are sleeping in a chair hum low continuous sound galley kitchen on a ship or plane altitude height above sea level to proceed (with sth) (formal) to move or travel in a particular direction | to continue doing sth that has already been started | to continue being done | to proceed against sb (law) to start a court case against sb to disembark to leave a vehicle, especially a ship or an aircraft, at the end of a journey | высадиться rear back part of sth | задний baggage reclaim place at an airport where you get your suitcases, etc. again after you have flown customs place at a port or an airport where your bags are checked as you come into a country aisle /aɪl/ passage between rows of pews, seats, etc row number of people standing or sitting next to each other in a line | a number of objects arranged in a line bad-tempered often angry | in an angry mood absent-minded tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking about what is around you, but about sth else tight-fisted not willing to spend or give much money | mean, stingy swollen (of a part of the body) larger than normal, especially as a result of a disease or an injury bandage strip of fabric used for tying around a part of the body that has been hurt in order to protect or support it to bandage sth (up) to wrap a bandage around a part of the body in order to protect it because it is injured to faint to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc vulnerable weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally long-haul involving the transport of goods or passengers over long distances implication consequence | последствие to be bothered (about sb/sth) (especially BrE) to think that sb/sth is important amateur person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment or interest, not as a job | (usually disapproving) person who is not skilled | любитель in mint condition in brand-new condition, almost new, unworn | в отличном состоянии to shrink to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot | to make clothes, fabric, etc. smaller in this way | усаживаться (о ткани) | усесть to sew /'səu/ to fasten, join, etc., by making stitches with a needle and thread or a sewing-machine | to make a garment etc by sewing to bleach /bli:tʃ/ to make sth white or pale by a chemical process or by the effect of sunlight | to become white or pale in this way bleach хлорная известь | белизна crease untidy line that is made in fabric or paper when it is pressed or crushed | отутюженная складка на брюках to get over to recover blazer jacket, not worn with matching trousers, often showing the colours or badge of a club, school, team, etc chinos /ˈtʃiːnoʊ/ informal trousers made from strong woven cotton to carry something off to succeed in doing or achieving something difficult wardrobe /ˈwɔ:drəub/ large movable or built-in cupboard with rails, shelves, hooks, etc., for storing clothes | person's entire stock of clothes see-through (of fabric) very thin so that you can see through it polo-neck | turtleneck sweater or jersey with a high close-fitting collar trainers (BrE) | sneaker (AmEn) shoes that you wear for sports or as a piece of informal clothing patterned (with sth) decorated with a pattern checked having a pattern of squares, usually of two colours plain not decorated or complicated | simple Hawaiian /hə'waiən/ of or relating to Hawaii or its people or language hoodie | hoody type of sweatshirt with a hood that, when worn up, covers most of the head and neck, and sometimes the face linen fabric made from flax, used to make high quality clothes, sheets, etc flax threads from the stem of the flax plant, used to make linen fabric material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture suede /'sweid/ soft leather with a surface like VELVET on one side, used especially for making clothes and shoes Lycra elastic polyurethane fibre or fabric used esp. for close-fitting sports clothing cardigan knitted woollen jacket, usually with no collar and fastened with buttons at the front denim strong cotton fabric that is usually blue and is used for making clothes, especially jeans waistcoat short piece of clothing with buttons down the front but no sleeves, usually worn over a shirt and under a jacket, often forming part of a man's suit bow tie /boʊ tai/ man's tie that ties in a bow neat (of people) liking to keep things tidy and in order | looking tidy or doing things in a tidy way | small, with a pleasing shape or appearance | simple but clever caries | dental ~ | tooth decay decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone anaesthetic drug that makes a person or an animal unable to feel anything, especially pain, either in the whole body or in a part of the body (to be under an ~) anaesthesia /ˌænɪsˈθi:zjə/ use of anaesthetic during medical operations mink small wild animal with thick shiny fur, a long body and short legs. Mink are often kept on farms for their fur | skin and shiny brown fur of the mink, used for making expensive coats, etc e.g. a mink jacket | coat or jacket made of mink Dutch of, relating to, or associated with the Netherlands cuisine /kwi:ˈzi:n/ style or method of cooking, esp. of a particular country or establishment the deaf people who cannot hear generous (with sth) giving or willing to give freely | given freely Braille /'breil/ system of printing for blind people in which the letters of the alphabet and the numbers are printed as raised dots that can be read by touching them magnificent extremely attractive and impressive | deserving praise leather material made by removing the hair or fur from animal skins and preserving the skins using special processes | кожа glamorous /'glæmə:əs/ especially attractive and exciting, and different from ordinary things or people entrepreneur /ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:/ person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks to cheer sb up to give someone a feeling of happiness to click to become friends with sb at once to hit it off to have a good friendly relationship with sb to persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ to convince to counsel to listen to and give support or professional advice to sb who needs help | to advise sb to do sth ignorant (of / about sth) lacking knowledge or information about sth | not educated to take sides to express support for someone in a disagreement couldn't care less used to say, often rudely, that you do not think that sb/sth is important or worth worrying about to look up to sb to admire or respect sb hyphen mark ( - ) used to join two words together to make a new one, as in back-up, or to show that a word has been divided between the end of one line and the beginning of the next cyberchondriac person who compulsively searches the internet for information about symptoms of illness open-heart surgery medical operation on the heart, during which the patient's blood is kept flowing by a machine chest top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomach consolation person or thing that makes you feel better when you are unhappy or disappointed ECG abbreviation for 'electrocardiogram' (a medical test that measures and records electrical activity of the heart) miracle cure successful treatment for an illness that was thought impossible to cure under the weather in bad health or low spirits scare stories exaggerated reports in the news that make people worry remedy way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situation | treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious life-threatening sth which could kill you ulcer /ˈʌlsə/ sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance liver large organ in the body that produces bile and cleans the blood bile /'bail/ greenish brown liquid with a bitter unpleasant taste that is produced by the liver to help the body to deal with fats, and that comes into your mouth when you vomit with an empty stomach tumour (benign | malignant ~) mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body where they should not, usually causing medical problems pain in the neck something or someone that causes trouble | source of unhappiness supplement /ˈsʌplɪmənt/ thing that is added to sth else to improve or complete it vitamin / dietary supplements vitamins and other foods eaten in addition to what you usually eat syringe /sə:'indʒ/ plastic or glass tube with a long hollow needle that is used for putting drugs, etc. into a person's body or for taking a small amount of blood from a person | шприц seizure (epileptic ~) sudden attack of apoplexy etc., a stroke stretcher framework of two poles with canvas etc. between, for carrying sick, injured, or dead persons in a lying position to trip over sth to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall paramedic person whose job is to help people who are sick or injured, but who is not a doctor or a nurse scruffy untidy or dirty | грязный | неаккуратный | неухоженный damp slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant to sprain to injure a joint in your body, especially your wrist or ankle, by suddenly twisting it to pinch to take a piece of sb's skin between your thumb and first finger and squeeze hard, especially to hurt the person bandage strip of fabric used for tying around a part of the body that has been hurt in order to protect or support it to bandage sth (up) to wrap a bandage around a part of the body in order to protect it because it is injured to choke (on sth) to be unable to breathe because the passage to your lungs is blocked or you cannot get enough air | to make sb unable to breathe | (with sth) to be unable to speak normally especially because of strong emotion | to make sb feel too emotional to speak normally lukewarm slightly warm rash area of red spots on a person's skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to sth swollen (of a part of the body) larger than normal, especially as a result of a disease or an injury sore if a part of your body is sore, it is painful, and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/ illness in which waste matter is emptied from the bowels much more frequently than normal, and in liquid form to faint to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc blister swelling on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid and is caused, for example, by rubbing or burning flu (influenza) infectious disease like a very bad cold, that causes fever, pains and weakness dizzy feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance consciousness state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening antihistamine /,ænti:'histəmən/ competes with histamine at one of the three types of histamine receptors, preventing allergic attacks (see allergy) or inflammation. Some antihistamines also prevent motion sickness and vertigo. Drowsiness is a frequent side effect prawn any of various marine crustaceans, resembling a shrimp but usu. larger to pass out to faint to come round to become conscious again to get over to recover to come down with flu to be to throw up to vomit, to be sick heartburn /ˈhɑ:tbə:n/ burning sensation in the chest resulting from indigestion to gargle /ˈɡɑ:ɡl/ to wash (one's mouth and throat), esp. for medicinal purposes, with a liquid kept in motion by breathing through it | промывать | сплюнуть stitch short piece of thread, etc. that doctors use to sew the edges of a wound together to commence to begin to happen | to begin sth to announce to tell people sth officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc | HELP NOTE You cannot 'announce somebody something' → you announce sth to sb | you announce that to exaggerate to make sth seem longer, better, worse or more important than it really is essential (to / for sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that ...) completely necessary | extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity | vital outright later complete and total | in a direct way and without trying to hide anything | clearly and completely aware of knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing to pad sth out to exaggerate, to embellish, make look better by adding details | раздувать (штаты и т. п.) emphatic used to give emphasis salary banding level of pay given for certain jobs within a company blazer jacket, not worn with matching trousers/pants, often showing the colours or badge of a club, school, team, etc diabetic having or connected with diabetes to rummage to move things around carelessly while searching for sth well-balanced sensible and emotionally in control strong-willed determined to do what you want to do, even if other people advise you not to big-headed having a very high opinion of how important and clever you are good-tempered cheerful and not easily made angry bad-tempered often angry | in an angry mood laid-back calm, and relaxed | seeming not to worry about anything absent-minded tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking about what is around you, but about sth else narrow-minded (disapproving) not willing to listen to new ideas or to the opinions of others tight-fisted not willing to spend or give much money | mean, stingy two-faced not sincere | not acting in a way that supports what you say that you believe | saying different things to different people about a particular subject | hypocritical without frills без изысков, незаурядный, без излишеств | без выкрутасов | без заморочек mediocre заурядный remarkable | outstanding незаурядный psychic person who has strange mental powers and is be able to do things that are not possible according to natural laws, e.g. contacting the dead faith healer person who uses prayers and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice weird /wɪəd/ unusual or different | not normal innocent not having done sth wrong | not guilty good-natured kind, friendly and patient when dealing with people anxiety /æŋˈzaɪətɪ/ (about / over sth) state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen rivalry /ˈraɪvəlrɪ/ (with sb/sth) (for sth) | ~ (between A and B) (for sth) state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same thing exaggeration /i,gzædʒə:'eiʃən/ statement or description that makes sth seem larger, better, worse or more important than it really is light-hearted intended to be amusing or easily enjoyable rather than too serious | cheerful and without problems foolproof (of a plan, machine, method, etc.) very well designed and easy to use so that it cannot fail and you cannot use it wrongly geek (slang, especially AmE) person who is boring, who wears clothes that are not fashionable, etc gut-feeling instinctive reaction BRITs British annual pop music awards embarrassing making you feel shy, awkward or ashamed indiscreet not careful about what you say or do, especially when this embarrasses or offends sb innocent not guilty of a crime, etc. | not having done sth wrong | not harmful treasured /'treʒə:d/ characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for | cherished, precious self-centred (disapproving) tending to think only about yourself and not thinking about the needs or feelings of other people guilty pleasure something, such as a film, a television program, a piece of music, or an activity that one enjoys despite understanding that it is not generally held in high regard or is seen as unusual or weird fixture permanently fixed piece of furniture in a house, such as a bath, that would not be taken by someone when moving to a new home: The old house still has a lot of its original fixtures. figurative They've been together so long he's become a permanent fixture in her life to unwind /ʌn'waɪnd/ to relax after a period of work or tension | отдохнуть от работы tense unable to relax because of nervousness, anxiety, or stimulation alert /əˈləːt/ quick to notice any unusual and potentially dangerous or difficult circumstances | vigilant to adjust to alter or move (something) slightly in order to achieve the desired fit, appearance, or result | настраивать inducing succeeding in persuading or leading (someone) to do something | being the cause of | вызывать soothing /'su:ðɪŋ/ having a gently calming effect | успокоительный dimly with a faint light | not brightly to loosen make (something tied, fastened, or fixed in place) less tight or firm to rescue to save (someone) from a dangerous or difficult situation aficionado person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about an activity, subject, or pastime homesick sad or depressed from a longing for home or family while away from them for a long time stunned showing or reflecting astonishment, shock, or bewilderment to amaze to suprpise offensive causing resentful displeasure | highly irritating, angering, or annoying | оскорбительный | агрессивный choir /'kwaɪə/ any group of musicians or musical instruments | a musical company, or band, or a division of one | company of singers, especially an organized group employed in church service | хор певчих | церковный хор | хоровой ансамбль | хор | коллектив певцов и танцоров to yawn /jɔːn/ to open the mouth somewhat involuntarily with a prolonged, deep inhalation and sighing or heavy exhalation, as from drowsiness or boredom infuriating /ɪnˈfyʊər iˌeɪ tɪŋ/ causing or tending to cause anger or outrage cello /'tʃeləu/ musical instrument with strings, shaped like a large violin. The player sits down and holds the cello between his or her knees brain drain эмиграция научных работников | откачка мозгов singalong informal occasion at which people sing songs together | ~ track crowd-pleaser person or performance that always pleases an audience eerie /ˈɪərɪ/ strange, mysterious and frightening irritating annoying extraneous /eksˈtreɪnjəs/ (formal) not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the subject you are dealing with meticulousness strict attention to minute details to get in the way to disturb | to distract prejudice (moral ~) unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group, custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc | ущерб frugality use of only as much money or food as is necessary | financially prudent | sparing or economical to extinguish /ɪksˈtɪŋɡwɪʃ/ to make a fire stop burning or a light stop shining | to put out | гасить, тушить distinguished /dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃt/ very successful and admired by other people | заслуженный beneficial improving a situation | having a helpful or useful effect divergent /daɪˈvə:dʒənt/ (of thought) tending to reach a variety of possible solutions when analysing a problem to opt (for / against sth) to choose to take or not to take a particular course of action to need + infinitive → to have to have something, or to want something very much (~ must have) | + gerund → if you say that someone or something needs something else, you mean that they should have it, or would get an advantage from having it insult remark or an action that is said or done in order to offend sb | оскорбление to intensify to increase in degree or strength | to make sth increase in degree or strength high-pitched (of sounds) very high cobbled (of streets and roads) having a surface that is made of cobblestones cobblestone rectangular paving stone with curved top, once used to make roads to demolish to pull or knock down a building developer (property ~) person or company that buys land or buildings in order to build new houses, shops/stores, etc., or to improve the old ones, and makes a profit from doing this standby (in electronics), also known as standby mode, a mode in which electronic appliances are turned off but still under power and ready to activate on command to narrate to tell a story to plummet to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position | to plunge to drown /draun/ to die because you have been underwater too long and you cannot breathe to flicker to keep going on and off as it shines or burns to rise to come or go upwards | to reach a higher level or position to surround to be all around sth/sb cub young bear, lion, fox, etc adolescent /ˌædəuˈlesnt/ young person who is developing from a child into an adult to starve to suffer or die because you do not have enough food to eat | to make sb suffer or die in this way dire very serious | находящийся в положении, близком к катастрофическому glacier /ˈɡlæsjə/ large mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, that moves very slowly down a valley aisle /aɪl/ passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, train, etc., or between rows of shelves in a supermarket unlicensed taxi driver taxi driver without a licence (an official document that gives you permission to do or own sth) | Taxis and private hire vehicles (also called minicabs) must have a licence from the local council or Transport for London (TfL). A private hire vehicle (PHV) can only be pre-booked. Taxis can also be hailed in the street or hired at a rank in the area they’re licensed by. Taxis can only be hailed in the area they’re licensed by, but they can be pre-booked from anywhere to hang around | aboiut to wait or stay near a place, not doing very much whilst while, although surrounding that is near or around sth treat something very pleasant and enjoyable, especially sth that you give sb or do for them | meal, entertainment, etc., provided by one person for the enjoyment of another or others | лакомство savoury having a taste that is salty not sweet | aromatic or spicy dish served at the end of dinner or as an hors d'oeuvre feast large or special meal, especially for a lot of people and to celebrate sth | thing or an event that brings great pleasure to cater to provide food and drinks for a social event unless if not | в случае когда... не adequate /ˈædɪkwɪt/ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need | satisfactory | достаточный, отвечающий требованиям fusion cuisine style of cookery which blends ingredients and methods of preparation from different countries, regions, or ethnic groups | food cooked in this style. Combines contrasting culinary traditions or techniques into a single dish bankrupt without enough money to pay what you owe batter mixture of eggs, milk and flour used in cooking to cover food such as fish or chicken before you fry it, or to make pancakes | взбитое тесто prawn (especially BrE) (AmE usually shrimp) shellfish with ten legs and a long tail that can be eaten pastry /ˈpeɪstrɪ/ mixture of flour, fat and water or milk that is rolled out flat and baked as a base or covering for pies, etc | бездрожжевое тесто to warn (sb) (of sth) | ~ (sb) (about / against sb/sth) to tell sb about sth, especially sth dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen, so that they can avoid it to refuse to say that you will not do sth that sb has asked you to do to disobey /ˈdɪsəˈbeɪ/ to refuse to do what a person, law, order, etc. tells you to do | to refuse to obey | не подчиниться, не послушаться to misjudge to form a wrong opinion about a person or situation, especially in a way that makes you deal with them or it unfairly to disapprove (of sb/sth) to think that sb/sth is not good or suitable | to not approve of sb/sth to reconsider to think about sth again, especially because you might want to change a previous decision or opinion processed method of doing or making sth, especially one that is used in industry insulated protected with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through double-glazed provided with two sheets of glass packaging materials used to wrap or protect goods that are sold in shops/stores natural resources resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature | drawn from nature and used with few modifications. Includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest, and cultural value. On Earth, it includes sunlight, atmosphere, water, land, all minerals along with all vegetation, and wildlife | природный ресурс to encourage ~ sb (in sth) to give sb support, courage or hope | поддержать, рекомендовать, мотивировать to compel to force sb to do sth | to make sth necessary to force sb (into sth / into doing sth) to make sb do sth that they do not want to do editor person who is in charge of a newspaper, magazine, etc., or part of one, and who decides what should be included to put sb through hell to give someone a very difficult or unpleasant time heatwave period of unusually hot weather carbon footprint | greenhouse gas footprint calculated value or index that makes it possible to compare the total amount of greenhouse gases that an activity, product, company or country adds to the atmosphere. Carbon footprints are usually reported in tonnes of emissions (CO2-equivalent) per unit of comparison. Such units can be for example tonnes CO2-eq per year, per kilogram of protein for consumption, per kilometer travelled, per piece of clothing and so forth. A product's carbon footprint includes the emissions for the entire life cycle. These run from the production along the supply chain to its final consumption and disposal to disintegrate to break into small parts or pieces and be destroyed | to decompose | разлагаться biodegradable substance or chemical that can be changed back to a harmless natural state by the action of bacteria, and will therefore not damage the environment processed method of doing or making sth, especially one that is used in industry insulated protected with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through double-glazed provided with two sheets of glass packaging materials used to wrap or protect goods that are sold in shops/stores audience group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert, sb speaking, etc.) | number of people or a particular group of people who watch, read or listen to the same thing requirement something that you need or want spread increase in the amount or number of sth that there is, or in the area that is affected by sth to assassinate to murder an important or famous person, especially for political reasons to release to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped divine /dɪˈvaɪn/ coming from or connected with God or a god eternal /i:ˈtə:nl/ without an end | existing or continuing for ever mortal that cannot live for ever and must die awe-inspiring impressive | making you feel respect and admiration feat action or piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage ordinary not unusual or different in any way aspiration strong desire to have or do sth quest long search for sth, especially for some quality such as happiness to reveal /ri'vi:l/ to make sth known to sb | to show sth that previously could not be seen rival /ˈraɪvəl/ person, company, or thing that competes with another in sport, business, etc tempestuous /temˈpestjuəs/ full of extreme emotions and excitement labourer /ˈleɪbərə/ person whose job involves hard physical work that is not skilled, especially work that is done outdoors to persevere /ˌpə:sɪˈvɪə/ (in sth / in doing sth) | ~ (with sth/sb) (approving) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in spite of difficulties | упорно добиваться to make a living out of sth to earn one's livelihood | to get money for work that you do quiz competition or game in which people try to answer questions to test their knowledge brave (of a person) willing to do things which are difficult, dangerous or painful | not afraid exemplary /ɪɡˈzemplərɪ/ providing a good example for people to copy messy dirty and/or untidy | (of a situation) unpleasant, confused or difficult to deal with fairly to some extent but not very clue fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem not to have a clue to know nothing about sth or about how to do sth in retrospect thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time (hair-)rollers | (hair) curlers бигуди fortnight 2 weeks decade 10 years quarter-century 25 years century 100 years era /ˈɪərə/ period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods because of particular characteristics or events millennium 1000 years to appeal to attract | привлекать to rebel to fight against or refuse to obey an authority, for example a government, a system, your parents, etc land line telephone line that travels over terrestrial circuits leap long or high jump civil rights term which came into wide use after World War II, replacing the earlier phrase "natural rights," which had been associated with the Greco-Roman concept of natural law since the end of the Middle Ages. As understood today, human rights refer to a wide variety of values and capabilities reflecting the diversity of human circumstances and history. They are conceived of as universal, applying to all human beings everywhere, and as fundamental, referring to essential or basic human needs movement group of people who share the same ideas or aims foundation principle, an idea or a fact that sth is based on and that it grows from spread increase in the amount or number of sth that there is, or in the area that is affected by sth to go for to choose hammock type of bed made from a net or from a piece of strong fabric, with ropes at each end that are used to hang it between two trees, posts, etc to keep yourself to yourself быть не очень общительным человеком to bind to unite people, organizations, etc. so that they live or work together more happily or effectively tribe group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief custom accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a community to remain to continue to be sth | to be still in the same state or condition to jam radio broadcasts глушить радиопередачи Thanksgiving (Day) public holiday in the US (on the fourth Thursday in November) and in Canada (on the second Monday in October), originally to give thanks to God for the harvest and for health to put your feet up to relax Excuse the mess! to apologise for how your home or office looks like to break the ice to deal with the first difficulties in starting a conversation, getting a party going, or making an acquaintance | положить начало to go on and on to continue or speak for a boring or exasperating length of time rating measurement of how good, popular, important, etc. sb/sth is, especially in relation to other people or things colony group of people from the same place or with the same work or interests who live in a particular city or country or who live together following (noun) group of supporters entrepreneur /ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:/ person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks to reach to arrive at the place that you have been travelling to, to achieve a particular aim | добираться до, добиваться, достигать semi-detached (BrE) (of a house) joined to another house by a wall on one side that is shared duplex (mostly AmEn) building divided into two separate homes housing estate area of land with a lot of houses or factories of the same type on it | жилой микрорайон to crack to find the solution to a problem, etc. | to find the way to do sth difficult to drop out to leave school or an educational program prematurely tape лента cheatsheet шпаргалка to get on well to have a good relationship to get on my nerves to upset to mind your own business (MYOB) used to tell someone in a rude way that you do not want them to ask about something private nosy (informal, disapproving) too interested in things that do not concern you, especially other people's affairs to invite sb over for sth to ask sb to come to your home to do sth to keep oneself to oneself to avoid meeting people socially or becoming involved in their affairs nuisance thing, person or situation that is annoying or causes trouble or problems regardless paying no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties | независимо, не обращая внимания despite used to show that sth happened or is true in spite of sth rival enemy plenty much to reassure sb (about sth) to say or do sth that makes sb less frightened or worried to emerge to come out of a dark, enclosed or hidden place | (of facts, ideas, etc.) to become known charming very pleasant or attractive | (ironic, spoken) used to show that you have a low opinion of sb's behaviour errand job that you do for sb that involves going somewhere to take a message, to buy sth, deliver goods, etc to overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something | преодолеть eventually in the end to treasure to have or keep sth that you love and that is extremely valuable to you | высоко ценить, очень дорожить to cease /si:s/ to end excitement /ɪk'saɪtmənt/ возбуждение damn swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc bloody swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement stunned silence silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak RP (received pronunciation) approved pronunciation of British English | originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain) | until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting to converse to have a conversation with sb supremacy position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else to overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something | преодолеть faithful loyal, staying with or supporting a particular person, organization or belief | верный, преданный tough /'təf/ difficult | having or causing problems or difficulties to attempt to try determination quality that makes you continue trying to do sth even when this is difficult outstanding extremely good | excellent to dig in to wait, or deal with a difficult situation, with great patience dementia serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally | психические расстройства, характеризующиеся, в основном, ухудшением когнитивных функций senile dementia старческий маразм having said that despite | с другой стороны, принимая это во внимание to appear to begin to exist or be known or used for the first time | to give the impression of being or doing sth to suffer to feel pain heading subject of each section of a speech or piece of writing | заголовок lines words spoken by an actor in a play or film blocking where an actor/actress stands and moves on stage as they speak apprentice young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job apprenticeship period of time working as an apprentice, a job as an apprentice | профессиональное обучение, стажировка vestibular system functions to detect the position and movement of our head in space. This allows for the coordination of eye movements, posture, and equilibrium. The vestibular apparatus found in the inner ear helps to accomplish this task by sending afferent nerve signals from its individual components to care for to look after to stick to to refuse to change your mind to cope with to deal to take part in to be involved in to work on to spend time and effort doing sth to part with to leave to go on to continue to lead to to result in to be gifted at having a lot of natural ability or intelligence skilful good at doing sth, especially sth that needs a particular ability or special training useless (at doing sth) (informal) not very good at sth | not able to do things well hopeless (of people) very bad (at sth) | with no ability or skill failure antonym of success (high) achiever person with a record of successes networking trying to meet and talk to other people who may be useful to you in your work determined when you have made a firm decision to do sth and you will not let anyone prevent you shortlist small number of candidates for a job, etc., who have been chosen from all the people who applied (to draw a -) runner up person or team that finishes second in a race or competition | a person or team that has not finished first but that wins a prize to reveal to make sth known to sb obvious easy to see or understand tuition act of teaching sth, especially to one person or to people in small groups day off day on which you do not have to work failure antonym of success (high) achiever person with a record of successes networking trying to meet and talk to other people who may be useful to you in your work determined when you have made a firm decision to do sth and you will not let anyone prevent you shortlist small number of candidates for a job, etc., who have been chosen from all the people who applied (to draw a -) runner up person or team that finishes second in a race or competition | a person or team that has not finished first but that wins a prize to reveal to make sth known to sb obvious easy to see or understand tuition act of teaching sth, especially to one person or to people in small groups day off day on which you do not have to work failure antonym of success (high) achiever person with a record of successes networking trying to meet and talk to other people who may be useful to you in your work determined when you have made a firm decision to do sth and you will not let anyone prevent you shortlist small number of candidates for a job, etc., who have been chosen from all the people who applied (to draw a -) runner up person or team that finishes second in a race or competition | a person or team that has not finished first but that wins a prize to reveal to make sth known to sb obvious easy to see or understand tuition act of teaching sth, especially to one person or to people in small groups day off day on which you do not have to work ace upon one's sleeve playing card with a large single symbol on it, which has either the highest or the lowest value in a particular card game | туз (в картах) tremendous замечательный to treat to pay for sth that sb/you will enjoy and that you do not usually have or do | угощать Drinks on me! За выпивку плачу я! splitting the bill everyone pays for what they ordered, although if no single person ordered a great deal more than others, the bill might simply be divided equally for the sake of simplicity IOU I owe you - reciprocity | долговая расписка (с надписью IOU, по созвучию с I owe you – я должен вам), я должен тебе, долговая расписка (с надписью IOU, по созвучию с I owe you – я должен вам) hidden agenda тайный план (Yan Mazor) | скрытый замысел reciprocal involving two people or groups who agree to help each other or behave in the same way to each other | взаимный hot spring hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth. The groundwater is heated either by shallow bodies of magma or by circulation through faults to hot rock deep in the Earth's crust delighted (by / at / with sth) very pleased suspension points series of points indicating that something has been omitted or that the sentence is incomplete (...) euthanasia /ˌjuː.θəˈneɪ.zi.ə/ practice (illegal in most countries) of killing without pain a person who is suffering from a disease that cannot be cured | безболезненное умерщвление customs таможенный контроль in-law a relative by marriage vicar (especially BrE) an Anglican priest who is in charge of a church and the area around it washbasin large bowl that has taps and is fixed to the wall in a bathroom, used for washing your hands and face in desperately trying very hard without regard to danger or safety to burst into tears to suddenly start crying anxious feeling worried or nervous memorable special, good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to remember to regret to feel sorry about sth you have done or about sth that you have not been able to do to split up to discontinue an association or relation | go different ways to beat about the bush to talk a lot, but avoid directly addressing the most important point disappointing not as good, successful, etc as you had hoped You lucky thing! used to show that you think sb is lucky to have sth, be able to do sth, etc to borrow ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) to take money from a person or bank and agree to pay it back to them at a later time to lend ~ sth (to sb) | ~ (sb) sth (of a bank or financial institution) to give money to sb on condition that they pay it back over a period of time and pay interest on it guarantor (formal or law) a person who agrees to be responsible for sb or for making sure that sth happens or is done collateral (finance) property or sth valuable that you promise to give to sb if you cannot pay back money that you borrow sports betting /ˈbetɪŋ/ activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome to swindle ~ sb (out of sth) | ~ sth (out of sb) to cheat sb in order to get sth, especially money, from them people watching | crowd watching act of observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge. It involves picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story. This includes speech in action, relationship interactions, body language, expressions, clothing and activities. Eavesdropping may accompany the activity, though is not required. It is a casual activity, used for relaxation or inspiration for characters or characters' mannerisms in their own creative works. It should also not be confused with street photography | while the street photographer necessarily does people-watching, they do so for the purpose of taking photographs of the people for art and documentary purposes involved taking part in sth | being part of sth or connected with sth to hold a sale to sell sth cheaply foot in the door technique to start small and increase the size of your requests to pretend to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true pick very good choice easy on the eye easy or pleasant to look at | attractive to try on to wear clothes to see of you want to buy them to chat sb up to flirt to go off to stop liking someone / sth to chat sb up to talk to sb so that they will like you to settle down to choose to live a calm life (e.g. at home with a partner) to dress down to wear clothes (at work) that are not smart (e.g. jeans) distress feeling of great worry or unhappiness | great suffering to prompt to make sb decide to do sth | to cause sth to happen lump piece of sth hard or solid, usually without a particular shape | (informal, especially BrE) a heavy, lazy or stupid person to induce to cause sth | to persuade or influence sb to do sth enjoyable giving pleasure disgusting extremely unpleasant | unacceptable & shocking rotten that has decayed and cannot be eaten or used | very bad astonishing very surprising | difficult to believe stationery materials for writing and for using in an office, for example paper, pens and envelopes disillusioned disappointed because the person you admired or the idea you believed to be good and true now seems without value | разочарованный to broach to begin a discussion of something difficult to feature to include someone or something as an important part to sport to have or wear sth in a proud way so that everyone can see | to wear or be decorated with something to possess to have | владеть to lack not to have to address to deal with eventually finally | в конечном итоге state-of-the-art using the most modern or advanced techniques or methods | as good as it can be at the present time to refer to to describe or be connected to sb/sth, to mention or speak about sb/sth, to relate to | относиться k to queue at стоять в очереди licence (BrE) | license (AmEn) /'laisəns/ official permission to do, own, or use sth manoeuvrable that can easily be moved into different positions | манёвренность, подвижность lack of absence | отсутствие louse /'laus/ (plu) lice /'lais/ small insect that lives on the bodies of humans and animals e.g. head lice shoelace /ˈʃu:leɪs/ long thin piece of material like string that goes through the holes on a shoe and is used to fasten it first | second (...) | reverse | low | high | top gear particular position of the gears in a vehicle that gives a particular range of speed and power top gear state of great or intense activity quirky strikingly unconventional parkour freerunning | non competitive sport which involves running, jumping, climbing & other complicated techniques traceur man participating in parkour traceuse woman participating in parkour for peace's sake used to emphasize that it is important to do sth or when you are annoyed about sth ginormous /dʒʌɪˈnɔːməs/ (BrE, spoken) extremely large sluggish moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy entertaining interesting and amusing kernel косточка, ядро jammed not able to move to sort sth out to find a solution to a problem | to make clear to swear to use rude or offensive language, usually because you are angry to face with to accept that a difficult situation exists, although you would prefer not to ATM cash machine | automated teller machine refund sb sth to give sb their money back, especially because they have paid too much or because they are not satisfied with sth they bought violence violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill sb IT ticket generalized term used to refer to a record of work performed (or needing to be performed) by your IT support organization to operate your company's technology environment, fix issues and resolve user requests hopeless extremely bad at sth | there is no hope that it will get better or succeed messy not tidy knowledgeable /ˈnɔlɪdʒəbl/ about knowing a lot to take after to look like | to be similar to a relative to question to have or express doubts or suspicions about sth to wonder (about sth) to think about sth and try to decide what is true, what will happen, what you should do, etc to inquire to seek information formally | make a formal investigation tidal wave very large ocean wave that is caused by a storm or an earthquake, and that destroys things when it reaches the land | sudden increase in a particular feeling, activity or type of behaviour nightmare dream that is very frightening or unpleasant wrestler person who takes part in the sport of wrestling | combatant who tries to throw their opponent to the ground REM rapid eye movement, describes a period of sleep during which you dream and your eyes make many small movements constellation group of stars that forms a shape in the sky and has a name | group of related ideas, things or people to wonder to think about sth and try to decide what is true, what will happen, what you should do, etc to look into to find out the facts about | examine | study | inspect robbery crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop/store, person, etc., especially using violence or threats jellyfish sea creature with a body like jelly and long thin parts called tentacles that can give a sharp sting (looks a bit like a plastic bag) to break up to split however used to introduce a statement that contrasts with sth that has just been said, although | и тем не менее although conjunction used to mean 'but' or 'however' when you are commenting on a statement | хотя though conjunction used to mean 'but' or 'however' when you are commenting on a statement | хотя according to following or agreeing with sth | согласно (чему-л.) | соответственно in order to so that | для того чтобы taking into account considering all aspects | учитывая whereas used to compare or contrast two facts | несмотря на то, что - тогда как therefore so, as a result | поэтому, следовательно to sort out arrange or order by classes or categories | make free from confusion or ambiguity | make clear by far used to express a large difference | непременно, несравненно preferable предпочтительный early bird gets the worm person who gets up early in the morning has the best chance of succeeding mpg miles per gallon | 4.54 litres mph miles per hour (50miles 80 kms) to shrink to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount to set out to leave on a journey or voyage high-rise (of a building) very tall and having a lot of floors status quo /ˈsteɪtəsˈkwəu/ situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change unfit not capable of doing sth, for example because of illness, not in good physical condition | ослабленное физическое состояние name plate sign on the door or the wall of a building showing the name of a company or the name of a person who is living or working there welcome pack set of different things that are supplied together for a new employee motto short sentence or phrase that expresses the aims and beliefs of a person, a group, an institution, etc. and is used as a rule of behaviour | девиз (на гербе), слоган parcel something that is wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail, carried easily, or given as a present sitcom situation comedy, regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situations contestant person who takes part in a contest or competition apprentice young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job intern student or new graduate who is getting practical experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday/vacation treat event or circumstance (esp. when unexpected or unusual) that gives great pleasure | meal, entertainment, etc., provided by one person for the enjoyment of another or others restructuring corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its present needs to recap (on sth) | ~ sth to repeat or give a summary of what has already been said, decided, etc themed /'θi:md/ (of an event or a place of entertainment) designed to reflect a particular subject or period of history heavy heart feeling of being weighed down with sorrow | unhappiness heavy heart feeling of being weighed down with sorrow | unhappiness ravishing extremely beautiful, gorgeous | обаятельный caretaker person whose job is to take care of a building such as a school or a block of flats or an apartment building distraction thing that takes your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about actually used to show a contrast between what is true and what sb believes, and to show surprise about this contrast | на самом деле currently at the present time to resign to officially tell sb that you are leaving your job, an organization, etc | уходить в отставку loser person who is regularly unsuccessful, especially when you have a low opinion of them | неудачник forgetful often forgetting things | невнимательный modelling work of a fashion model winemaker someone who makes wine restaurant critic person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of restaurants to put on weight to increase one's body weight willing ready or pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded | done or given in an enthusiastic way crew people working on a ship, plane, etc countdown action of counting seconds backwards to zero, for example before a spacecraft is launched to blast off to begin ascending from the ground under rocket power snorkel breathing-tube for an underwater swimmer recipient a person who receives sth at your earliest convenience as soon as you have the opportunity ASAP as soon as possible proven ability tested and shown to be true | beyond doubt hands-on experience practical experience to remind to help sb remember sth important that they must do | напомнить to resolve to find a satisfactory solution to a problem or difficulty | прийти к определённому решению miserable very unhappy or uncomfortable, dperessing | мизерный indecisive /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/ unable to make decisions to think outside the box to think creatively, in a different way resource something that can be used to help achieve an aim, especially a book, equipment, etc. that provides information for teachers and students | ресурсы moody bad-tempered or upset, often for no particular reason sensible able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion | practical fun enjoyable mean not willing to spend or give much money | скупой cheapskate not willing to spend or give much money | скупой tight fisted not willing to spend or give much money | скупой bargain thing bought for less than the usual price | выгодная покупка, дёшево купленная вещь hedonic of or characterized by pleasure | гедонический, жаждущий наслаждений, жизнелюбивый careerist /kəˈrɪərɪst/ (often disapproving) a person whose career is more important to them than anything else internship period of work experience offered by an organization for a limited period of time. Once confined to medical graduates, internship is used practice for a wide range of placements in businesses, non-profit organizations and government agencies | стажировка reunification act of coming together again | воссоединение to sit cross-legged sitting on the floor with your legs pulled up in front of you and with one leg or foot over the other | сидеть по-турецки to catch a cramp sudden pain that you get when the muscles in a particular part of your body tighten, usually caused by cold or too much exercise | судорога, спазм indecisive unable to make decisions to think outside the box to think creatively, in a different way moody bad-tempered or upset, often for no particular reason sensible able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion | practical fun enjoyable effort physical or mental energy that you need to do sth | sth that takes a lot of energy | усилие circumstance conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action | обстоятельства memo (memorandum) message or other information in writing sent by one person or department to another in the same business organization questionnaire /ˌkwestɪəˈnɛə/ (on / about sth) a written list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers to encourage to make sth more likely to happen or develop, to give sb support, courage or hope | стать стимулом (к чему-либо) wealth large amount of money, property, etc. that a person or country owns realm /'relm/ area of activity, interest, or knowledge to reveal to show sth that previously could not be seen | to make sth known to sb circumstance conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action astounding amazing to challenge to question whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc. to empower to enable or permit | to give more opportunity for independent action IoT network of physical objects —“things”— that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet generous (with sth) giving or willing to give freely | щедрый to shush to tell sb to be quiet, especially by saying 'shush', or by putting your finger against your lips excessive too much to break the ice to deal with the first difficulties in starting a conversation, getting a party going, or making an acquaintance | положить начало to let your hair down to relax & enjoy yourself without worrying what other people will think window shopping (also called browsing) activity in which a consumer browses through or examines a store's merchandise as a form of leisure or external search behaviour without a current intent to buy. Depending on the individual, window shopping can be a pastime or be used to obtain information about a product's development, brand differences, or sale prices | хождение по магазинам без намерения что-либо купить to be in two minds not to be decided or certain about something : having two opinions or ideas about something bribe sum of money or sth valuable that you give or offer to sb to persuade them to help you, especially by doing sth dishonest | взятка to be in hot water to be in trouble to work against the clock to need to finish sth in a short time to put your foot in it to say sth embarrassing that gets you into trouble to be someone's cup of tea to be someone's favourite thing piece of cake sth easy dark horse someone who has a lot of secrets rat race competitive world of work on your mind sth you are thinking about | призадуматься to run out of (~ time) to come to an end, be used up | оканчиваться, истекать (о сроке) to break the ice to deal with the first difficulties in starting a conversation, getting a party going, or making an acquaintance | положить начало to let your hair down to relax & enjoy yourself without worrying what other people will think window shopping (also called browsing) activity in which a consumer browses through or examines a store's merchandise as a form of leisure or external search behaviour without a current intent to buy. Depending on the individual, window shopping can be a pastime or be used to obtain information about a product's development, brand differences, or sale prices | хождение по магазинам без намерения что-либо купить to be in two minds not to be decided or certain about something : having two opinions or ideas about something humankind | mankind human beings thought about as one large group | the human race environment conditions that affect the behaviour and development of sb/sth | the physical conditions that sb/sth exists in, natural world in which people, animals and plants live | окружающая обстановка, окружение superficially поверхностно record player piece of equipment for playing records in order to listen to the music, etc. on them LP long-playing phonograph record | designed to be played at 33.3 rpm cassette player electronic equipment for playing cassettes to disappear to become impossible to see | to stop existing thumbprint mark made by the pattern of lines on the top of a person's thumb | отпечаток in the long term a long time in the future intermediary person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them | посредник on-demand as soon as or whenever required | по запросу, по требованию to get hold of sb to contact sb successor person or thing that comes after sb/sth else and takes their/its place | преемник, наследник, замена strike period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditions | забастовка to participate to take part in or become involved in an activity | участвовать to release to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped | высвобождать fugitive person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to avoid being caught | беглец embarrassing making you feel shy, awkward or ashamed | неловкий to moan to make a long deep sound, usually expressing unhappiness, suffering or sexual pleasure to boast about / of sth to talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can do to gossip to talk about other people's private lives, often in an unkind way to tend to be likely to do sth or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens | иметь склонность (к чему-либо) ca. circa: approximately Cf. confer: compare to e.g. exempli gratia: for example i.e. id est: that is or in other words NB nota bene: take note or notice n.d. not determined (in a table reporting results) n.d. no date (when used in a citation) qtd quoted in (when used in a citation) Viz. videlicet: namely vs. versus: against 2F4U Too Fast For You 4YEO FYEO For Your Eyes Only AAMOF As a Matter of Fact AAR At any rate ACK Acknowledgment AFAIK As far as I know AFAIR As far as I remember / recall AFK Away from Keyboard AKA Also known as B2K BTK Back to Keyboard BAU Business as usual (It’s been raining non-stop since yesterday but it’s BAU at our stores today and we look forward to serving you!) BTT Back to Topic BTW By the Way B/C Because C&P Copy and Paste CU See you CTA Call to action CYS Check your Settings DND Do not disturb DIY Do it Yourself EOBD End of Business Day EOD End of Discussion / End of day EOM End of Message EOT End of Thread / .. Text / .. Transmission FAQ Frequently asked Questions FACK Full Acknowledge FKA Formerly known as FWIW For what it's Worth FYI / JFYI (Just) For your Information FTFY Fixed That For You FTW Fuck the World / For the Win HF Have fun HTH Hope this Helps IDK I don't know IIRC If I Recall / Remember Correctly IMHO In my Humble Opinion IMO In my Opinion IMNSHO In my not so Humble / Honest Opinion IOW In other Words ITT In this Thread LOL Laughing out loud DGMW Don't get me wrong MMW Mark my Words N/A Not Available / Applicable NaN Not a Number NNTR No need to Reply noob n00b Newbie NOYB None of your Business NRN No Reply Necessary OMG Oh my God OOO Out of office OP Original Poster, Original Post OT Off Topic OTOH On the other Hand PEBKAC Problem exists between Keyboard and Chair POV Point of View ROTFL Rolling on the Floor Laughing RSVP Repondez s'il vous plait (French: Please reply) RTFM Read the fine Manual SCNR Sorry, could not Resist SFLR Sorry, for late Reply SME Subject Matter Expert (We received your email request for tech support. An SME will be calling you this evening from 8-9 pm as indicated in your request.) SPOC Single Point of Contact TBA To be Announced TBC To be Continued / To be Confirmed TBH To be honest T&C Terms and conditions TIA Thanks in Advance TGIF Thanks God, it's Friday THX TNX Thanks TL |DR Too Long | Didn’t Read TQ Thank You TYVM Thank You Very Much TYT Take your Time TTYL Talk to you Later w/ with w/o without w00t Whoomp, there it is, meaning "Hooray" WFM Works for Me WIP Work in progress WRT With Regard to WTH What the Hell / What the Heck WTF What the Fuck YMMD You made my Day YMMV Your Mileage may vary YAM Yet Another Meeting ICYMI In Case you missed it 2moro Tomorrow 2nte Tonight AEAP As Early as Possible ALAP As Late as Possible ASAP As Soon as Possible ASL Age / Sex / Location? B3 Blah, Blah, Blah B4YKI Before You Know it BFF Best Friends, Forever BM&Y Between Me and You BRB Be right Back BRT Be right There BTAM Be that as it May C-P Sleepy CTN Cannot talk now CUS See You Soon CWOT Complete Waste of Time CYT See You Tomorrow E123 Easy as 1, 2, 3 EM? Excuse Me? EOD End of Day F2F Face to Face FC Fingers Crossed FOAF Friend of a Friend GR8 Great HAK Hugs and Kisses IDC I Don't Care IDK I Don't Know ILU / ILY I Love You IMU I Miss You IRL In Real Life J/K Just Kidding JC Just Checking JTLYK Just to Let You Know KFY Kiss for You KMN Kill Me Now KPC Keeping Parents Clueless L8R Later MoF Male or Female MTFBWY May the Force be with You MYOB Mind Your Own Business N-A-Y-L In a While NAZ Name, Address, ZIP NC No Comment NIMBY Not in my Backyard NM Never Mind / Nothing Much NP No Problem NSFW Not Safe for Work NTIM Not that it Matters NVM Never Mind OATUS On a totally Unrelated Subject OIC Oh, I See OMW On My Way OTL Out to Lunch OTP On the Phone P911 Parent Alert PAL Parents are Listening PAW Parents are Watching PIR Parent in Room POS Parent over Shoulder PROP(S) Proper Respect / Proper Recognition QT Cutie RN Right Now RU Are You SEP Someone else's Problem SITD Still in the Dark SLAP Sounds like a Plan SMIM Send Me an Instant Message SO Significant Other TMI Too Much Information UR Your / You are W8 Wait WB Welcome Back WYCM Will You Call Me? WYWH Wish You Were Here XOXOXOX Hugs and Kisses arrangement agreement to do sth | договорённость intention what you intend or plan to do | намерение to approve (of sb/sth) to think that sb/sth is good, acceptable or suitable to tend (to) to be likely to do sth or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens to cope with to deal with, manage a difficult situation | справиться nosy (informal, disapproving) too interested in things that do not concern you, especially other people's affairs to argue to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them to apologise to say sorry to object (to sb/sth) | ~ (to doing sth / to sb doing sth) to say that you disagree with, disapprove of or oppose sth to turn up to show up, appear (often unexpectedly) to keep up with to keep informed amendment (to sth) small change or improvement that is made to a law or a document | the process of changing a law or a document to disturb to interrupt sb when they are trying to work, sleep, etc | беспокоить nosy (informal, disapproving) too interested in things that do not concern you, especially other people's affairs | любопытствующий through скрозь behaviour way that sb behaves, especially towards other people | поведение to kidnap to take sb away illegally and keep them as a prisoner, especially in order to get money or sth else for returning them raid attack on a building, etc. in order to commit a crime | short surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers, ships or aircraft at gunpoint while threatening sb or being threatened with a gun eye-witness person who has seen a crime, accident, etc. and can describe it afterwards to raise the alarm to warn people that bad is happening to proceed to to continue to reward thing that you are given because you have done sth good, worked hard, etc, amount of money that is offered to sb for helping the police to find a criminal or for finding sth that is lost | награждение to realise to be fully aware, understand | ясно представлять queue line of people, cars, etc. waiting for sth or to do sth | очередь accessible that can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc, easy to understand | доступный strike period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditions | забастовка to participate to take part in or become involved in an activity | участвовать to release to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped | высвобождать fugitive person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to avoid being caught | беглец embarrassing making you feel shy, awkward or ashamed | неловкий dishonest not honest | intending to deceive people weapon object such as a knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting or attacking sb burglar /ˈbə:ɡlə/ person who enters a building illegally in order to steal to strike to refuse to work as a protest to hustle /'həsəl/ to make sb move quickly by pushing them in a rough aggressive way customs place at a port or an airport where your bags are checked as you come into a country mansion large impressive house to set off to put in motion or move to act | cause to begin locker small cupboard that can be locked, where you can leave your clothes, bags, etc. while you play a sport or go somewhere the next thing I knew не успел(а) оглянуться, как chickenpox disease, especially of children, that causes a slight fever and many spots on the skin blotch mark, usually not regular in shape, on skin, plants, material, etc spot small mark or lump on a person's skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it pimple small raised spot on the skin out-of-date old | no longer valid or fashionable slam dunk type of basketball shot that is performed when a player jumps in the air, controls the ball above the horizontal plane of the rim, and scores by shoving the ball directly through the basket with one or both hands.[1] It is a type of field goal that is worth two points | slam dunk, you mean that a success or victory will be easily achieved layup in basketball is a two-point shot attempt made by leaping from below, laying the ball up near the basket, and using one hand to bounce it off the backboard and into the basket. The motion and one-handed reach distinguish it from a jump shot | to put someone out of action through illness or injury | to stop a machine, ship, or vehicle, for example when it needs repairs or there is not enough work to do to draw with to finish a game without either team winning to rebound to bounce back through the air after hitting something hard out of bounds outside the part of a sports field or court in which play is conducted | outside the limits of where one is permitted to be to be a fan of | to cheer your favourite team to support | болеть (за кого-л.) разг. (переживать за успехи или неудачи спортсмена и т.п.) white lie harmless or small lie, especially one that you tell to avoid hurting sb punch line final sentence, phrase, or word in a joke or humorous, story that is unexpected and produces the humorous effect until up to a certain time | до тех пор пока by the time not later than the time mentioned, before | когда, как только, к тому времени как to proceed to to continue raid /'reid/ attack on a building, etc. in order to commit a crime getaway vehicle vehicle for an escape by a perpetrator from a crime scene, which may have been witnessed by eyewitnesses or law enforcement at gunpoint under threat of a gun eyewitness person who has seen a crime, accident, etc. and can describe it afterwards to escape to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leave to attempt to try to raise the alarm to warn people that sth bad is happening warning statement telling sb that they will be punished if they continue to behave in a particular way | предварительное оповещение by the time not later than the time mentioned, before | когда, как только, к тому времени как, к тому времени e.g. The sun will be setting by the time I get home. – Солнце будет садиться к тому времени, как я доберусь до дома crop amount of grain, fruit, etc. that is grown in one season | выращиваемая культура hostage person who is captured and held prisoner by a person or group, and who may be injured or killed if people do not do what the person or group is asking | заложник violent involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill sb | жестоки | жестокийй collapse sudden failure of sth, such as an institution, a business or a course of action, action of a building suddenly falling, medical condition when a person suddenly becomes very ill/sick, or when sb falls because they are ill/sick or weak | упадок жизнедеятельности (организма), обвал, развал, разрушение, гибель, крах, падение to reveal to make sth known to sb | раскрывать, вскрывать, обнаружить to face charges official claim made by the police that sb has committed a crime | обвинения to befriend to become a friend of sb, especially sb who has just arrived in a place or who needs your help | authorities people or an organization who have the power to make decisions or who have a particular area of responsibility in a country or region | учреждение, власти, органы власти custody state of being in prison, especially while waiting for trial | заключение (в тюрьму) cheer shout of joy, support or praise | веселье, оживление, радость political asylum right to live in a foreign country, and is given by the government of that country to people who have to leave their own country because they are in danger of persecution | политическое убежище on my own alone, not with other people | самостоятельно by chance without advance planning, by accident on purpose with intention, by choice | намеренно conspiracy ~ (to do sth) | ~ (against sb/sth) secret plan by a group of people to do sth harmful or illegal to flutter to move lightly and quickly | to make sth move in this way MI6 department of Military Intelligence concerned with espionage fugitive /ˈfju:dʒɪtɪv/ person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to avoid being caught hostage person who is captured and held prisoner by a person or group, and who may be injured or killed if people do not do what the person or group is asking to release ~ sb/sth (from sth) to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped to collapse to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart custody (to be in -) state of being in prison, especially while waiting for trial charge statement accusing sb of doing sth wrong or bad to give / offer / express your condolences /kən'dəuləns/ to express sympathy that you feel for sb when a person in their family or that they know well has died to increase to become or to make sth greater in amount, number, value, etc | повышать, усиливать, усиливаться, возрасти, увеличиться, увеличить shame стыд nuisance неприятность | досада | неприятность pity Жаль, что footage in film making and video production, footage is the raw, unedited material as it had been originally filmed by movie camera or recorded by a video camera which usually must be edited to create a motion picture, video clip, television show or similar completed work | кино- или видеоматериал, длина плёнки или фильма в футах to recognise to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them, because you have seen or heard them or it before | распознать to place an order делать заказ biopic film about the life of a particular person docudrama film, usually made for television, in which real events are shown in the form of a story with some parts acted fantasy / science fiction film where strange things happen in the future or in imaginary worlds period drama film where people are dressed up in old-fashioned clothes thrilling exciting and enjoyable | волнующий, захватывающий gripping exciting or interesting in a way that keeps your attention | захватывающий дух adventure unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events | приключение predictable (often disapproving) behaving or happening in a way that you would expect and therefore boring | предсказуемый, ожидаемый indifference lack of interest, feeling or reaction towards sb/sth | равнодушие victory победа prize награда camp лагерь to alter to change to pick to choose outfit set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose addicted unable to stop taking harmful drugs, or using or doing sth as a habit | spending all your free time doing sth because you are so interested in it high achiever / flyer person with a record of successes possession /pə'zeʃən/ something that you own or have with you slanting not straight or level | sloping small pie | baked stuffed buns pirozhki, small Russian pastries filled with finely chopped meat, vegetables or fruit baked or fried empathetic able to understand and enter into another's feelings | сочувствие, сопереживание reserved (of a person or their character) slow or unwilling to show feelings or express opinions | скрытный, сдержанный, замкнутый, необщительный bling large pieces of jewellery to behave to do things in a particular way to hide to put or keep sb/sth in a place where they/it cannot be seen or found to be in charge of to be responsible for to keep (on) doing sth to continue doing sth | to do sth repeatedly demanding requiring a lot of efforts | требующий enquiry investigation, esp. an official one stopwatch секундомер fiancé man that a woman is engaged to, i.e who has officially agreed to marry fiancée woman that a man is engaged to, i.e who has officially agreed to marry godmother woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism to commission to officially ask sb to write, make or create sth or to do a task for you according to as stated by or in | согласно to admire to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done | восхищаться, восторгаться, восхищать to do research to study a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it | исследовательские работы to aim (at doing sth) | ~ (at / for sth) to try or plan to achieve sth | стремиться, ставить своей целью whether if gene unit inside a cell which controls a particular quality in a living thing that has been passed on from its parents cupboard piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storing dishes, food, clothes, etc recipient person who receives sth (e.g. an e-mail) draft rough written version of sth that is not yet in its final form aim goal, target to leave out to skip, omit to involve when something is an important or necessary part or result of sht else, to include, make necessary | включать в себя (in), подразумевать, предполагать audience group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert, sb speaking, etc.) draft rough written version of sth that is not yet in its final form | черновик to aim at to try or plan to achieve sth | стремиться, направлять brief using few words relative person who is in the same family as sb else to be related to being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics to inherit to receive money, property, etc. from sb when they die | to have qualities, physical features, etc. that are similar to those of your parents, grandparents, etc to take after to be similar to a relative extended family family group with a close relationship among the members that includes not only parents and children but also uncles, aunts, grandparents, etc roots feelings or connections that you have with a place because you have lived there or your family came from there stepfather man who is married to your mother but who is not your real father niece daughter that your husband or wife has from an earlier marriage to another person nephew son that your husband or wife has from an earlier marriage to another person granny gran, grandma, grandmother fortune large amount of money | chance or luck, especially in the way it affects people's lives to receive to get, to obtain medallist person who has received a medal, usually for winning a competition in a sport to abandon to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning | to leave a thing or place, especially because it is impossible or dangerous to stay | покинуть, бросать, покидать, оставить to sentence to say officially in a court of law that sb is to receive a particular punishment to infuse if you infuse herbs, etc. or they infuse, you put them in hot water until the flavour has passed into the water | заваривать (чай, травы) to brew to mix with hot water and become ready to drink | заваривать (чай, травы) cruise ship passenger ship used commercially for pleasure cruises | круизный лайнер fame state of being known and talked about by many people glory fame, praise or honour that is given to sb because they have achieved sth important Kart racing | karting road racing variant of motorsport with open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports, with most drivers of the Formula One—including Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, Ayrton Senna, Max Verstappen, Lewis Hamilton, Michael Schumacher, Kimi Räikkönen, and Fernando Alonso—having begun their careers in karting concierge /ˌkɔ:nsɪˈɛəʒ/ door-keeper or porter of a block of flats | консьерж, консьержка rate fixed amount of money that is charged or paid for sth | ставка, тариф cemetery area of land used for burying dead people, especially one that is not beside a church | кладбище to nod to move your head up and down to show agreement, understanding, etc | кивать nonetheless in spite of this fact | тем не менее stopover short stay somewhere between two parts of a journey | промежуточная остановка hunger state of not having enough food to eat, especially when this causes illness or death | голод, голодание to rise to fame to become popular award prize such as money, etc. for sth that sb has done | присуждение (награды, премии) to appear to start to be seen | показываться, появляться, проявляться to increase to make bigger | возрастать, увеличивать(ся), расти certainly in a way which is sure | безусловно raw material basic material from which goods, finished products or intermediate materials are manufactured or made | сырьевой материал, необработанный материал lucky break stroke of luck, a fortunate event, particularly of the sort that propels one to success, fame, etc. | удача, счастливый момент grumpy bad-tempered | сердитый, сварливый, раздражительный adventurous willing to take risks and try new ideas | enjoying being in new, exciting situations | опасный, рискованный to provoke to cause a particular reaction or have a particular effect | провоцироваться just acting or done in accordance with what is morally right or fair | справедливый to suffer to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc | пострадать biopic film about the life of a particular person related to connected with | связанный to involve включать, заключать в себе, вызывать последствия to stroke to move your hand gently over a surface, usually several times | гладить (рукой) opponent person that you are playing or fighting against in a game, competition, argument, etc | враг, противник, конкурент evil morally bad, enjoying harming others | wicked and cruel | зло lines words spoken by an actor in a play or film/movie | слова роли, реплика memorable special, good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to remember | незабываемый to defeat to win against sb in a war, competition, sports game, etc | победить, поразить, поражать to chase to run, drive, etc. after sb/sth in order to catch them | охотиться set piece part of a play, film/movie, piece of music, etc. that has a well-known pattern or style, and is used to create a particular effect | обязательная часть, коронный номер setting place and time at which the action of a play, novel, etc. takes place | время и место действия пьесы (фильма, романа и т.п.), художественное оформление (спектакля), выставление, обстановка, атмосфера to compete to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you | конкурировать relevant bearing on or having reference to the matter in hand | соответствующий, относящийся к рассматриваемой теме unsolicited advice not asked for and sometimes not wanted | непрошеный совет amazed very surprised | крайне удивлённый, потрясенный meaningful serious and important | многозначительный, выразительный to entertain to interest and amuse sb in order to please them | развлекать, занимать consumption act of buying and using products | потребление message board website or web page where users can post comments about a particular issue or topic and reply to other users' postings distracted (by sb/sth) unable to pay attention to sb/sth, because you are worried or thinking about sth else | отвлекать to waste sth (on sth) | ~ sth (in) doing sth to use more of sth than is necessary or useful | тратить впустую to mention to write or speak about sth/sb, especially without giving much information | упоминать, ссылаться на addictive if an activity or type of behaviour is addictive, people need to do it as often as possible because they enjoy it | вызывающий зависимость, захватывающий, затягивающий DIY do it yourself | сделай сам to respond to do sth as a reaction to sth that sb has said or done, to give a spoken or written answer to sb/sth | отреагировать to have to used to show that you must do sth | быть должным, приходиться lonely unhappy because you have no friends or people to talk to | одинокий, томящийся одиночеством embarrassed shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation | испытывающий неловкость, стыдливый to occupy to enter a place in a large group and take control of it, especially by military force | оккупировать bully person who uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people | обидчик, хулиган viral video that quickly attains a high popularity | популярное видео campaign series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim | кампания, поход foundation organization that is established to provide money for a particular purpose, for example for scientific research or charity | фонд anniversary date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event | годовщина, юбилей consequence result of sth that has happened | следствие, последствие to look forward to to expect or hope for | с радостью ожидать entertaining interesting and amusing | развлекательный annoyed slightly angry | раздражённый yet (not ~) used in negative sentences and questions to talk about sth that has not happened but that you expect to happen | ещё (в вопросительном и отрицательном предложениях), до сих пор to receive to get or accept sth that is sent or given to you | получать theft /θeft/ crime of stealing sth from a person or place | воровство, кража thief /'θi:f/ person who steals sth from another person or place | вор, грабитель to look into to examine | исследовать, изучать to allow to permit | разрешить rodent /ˈrəudənt/ any small animal that belongs to a group of animals with strong sharp front teeth (e.g. mice, rats, rabbits) issue topic of discussion, problem | спорный вопрос, предмет спора, разногласие purchasing power money that people have available to buy goods with | покупательская способность litter small pieces of rubbish/garbage such as paper, cans and bottles, that people have left lying in a public place | мусор youth club club where young people can meet each other and take part in various activities | дом культуры to annoy to make sb slightly angry | надоедать, раздражать fed up with bored or unhappy, especially with a situation that has continued for too long | расстроенный flour fine white or brown powder made from grain, especially wheat, and used in cooking for making bread, cakes, etc | мука to score to give / get points / goals | набирать очки, давать баллы to raise money to collect money | to manage to get or form sth | собирать средства to ban to forbid sth officially | запрещение | under a ban под запретом significance importance of sth, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future | значение, смысл, важность, значительность to overwhelm to have such a strong emotional effect on sb that it is difficult for them to resist or know how to react | превзойти to settle to make a place your permanent home, to make yourself or sb else comfortable in a new position | поселиться, устроиться litter small pieces of rubbish/garbage such as paper, cans and bottles, that people have left lying in a public place to receive to get or accept sth that is sent or given to you | получать annoying making sb feel slightly angry | раздражающий to look into to examine | исследовать, изучать firm (of sb's voice or hand movements) strong and steady | твёрдый community service unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community without any form of compensation. Community service can be distinct from volunteering, since it is not always performed on a voluntary basis and may be compulsory mugging crime of attacking sb violently, or threatening to do so, in order to steal their money, especially in a public place shoplifting crime of stealing goods from a shop/store by deliberately leaving without paying for them theft crime of stealing sth from a person or place robbery crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop/store, person, etc., especially using violence or threats burglary crime of entering a building illegally and stealing things from it, housebreaking rescue patrol спасательные операции, поисковая группа Yours faithfully more formal equivalent of 'Best wishes' slightly a little | незначительно frightening making you feel afraid ostrich very large African bird with a long neck and long legs, that cannot fly but can run very fast | страус cheetah wild animal of the cat family, with black spots, that runs very fast | гепард whale very large animal that lives in the sea and looks like a very large fish | кит bow /'bəu/ weapon used for shooting arrows, consisting of a long curved piece of wood with a tight string joining its ends | лук (для стрельбы) to stand to endure without yielding or complaining, to tolerate | не переносить earthquake sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface gerbil small desert animal like a mouse, that is often kept as a pet | seal sea animal that eats fish and lives around coasts | тюлень wild дикий rural connected with or like the countryside | деревенский urban connected with a town or city | городской scenery natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and forests, when you are thinking about them being attractive to look at | пейзаж | ландшафт hut small, simply built house or shelter | шалаш to howl /'haul/ to make a long, loud cry | выть humid (of the air or climate) warm and damp | сырой, влажный to approach to come near to sb/sth in distance or time | приближаться, подходить to sink to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance | тонуть (о корабле и т.п.) | погружаться (тж. _перен.) to stare (at sb/sth) to look at sb/sth for a long time it used to be situation or habit in the past (that is not true any more) | раньше, это всегда было mountain range series of hills or mountains | горный хребет to hug to put your arms around sb and hold them tightly, especially to show that you like or love them | объятие XOX | XOXO hugs and kisses, with the x representing kisses and the o representing hugs to give up to stop trying to do sth difficult | отказываться от to turn into to become | становиться to take sth over to become responsible for sth, replacing the person who did it before you | принимать от другого, сменять, принять руководство needed being in want of | востребованный advertising techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way | рекламирование talent people or a person with a natural ability to do sth well | ценные кадры to realise be fully aware | осознавать sole bottom part of a shoe or sock, not including the heel | подошва entrepreneur /ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:/ person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks | предприниматель fair trade trade that satisfies certain criteria on the supply chain of the goods involved, usually including fair payment for producers | often with other social and environmental considerations | этичная торговля (fairtrade | означающая, что все, участвующие в производстве товара с такой наклейкой, получили за свой труд т.н. "честную зарплату", т.е. что это не был рабский труд) homespun (of fabric) woven at home | кустарный poverty state of being poor | бедность ancient very old | having existed for a very long time | древлий (= древний), антический faltering hesitating | двигаться пошатываясь, неуверенно funky fashionable and unusual | модный to scuff to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough | истирать, образовывать задиры, образовывать царапины window shopping (also called browsing) activity in which a consumer browses through or examines a store's merchandise as a form of leisure or external search behaviour without a current intent to buy. Depending on the individual, window shopping can be a pastime or be used to obtain information about a product's development, brand differences, or sale prices | хождение по магазинам без намерения что-либо купить department store large shop/store that is divided into several parts, each part selling a different type of goods | универсальный магазин, универмаг brick and mortar traditional street-side business that offers products and services to its customers face-to-face in an office or store that the business owns or rents. The local grocery store and the corner bank are examples of brick-and-mortar companies to try on to put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice fitting | changing room room for changing clothes in, especially before playing sports flak jacket designed to provide protection from case fragments ("frag") from high explosive weaponry, such as anti-aircraft artillery ("flak" is a German contraction for Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft-defense gun"), grenades fragments, some types of pellets used in shotguns, and other lower-velocity projectiles | бронекуртка to give up to stop trying to do sth difficult | отказываться от to turn into to become | становиться to take sth over to become responsible for sth, replacing the person who did it before you | принимать от другого, сменять, принять руководство to turn down to refuse an offer | отказывать nightmare dream that is very frightening or unpleasant | кошмар even (~ if) used when you are comparing things, to make the comparison stronger | даже secure certain | safe | уверенный increasing growing greater in amount, number, value, etc | увеличить | вырасти | усилить | fairly to some extent but not very | достаточно | относительно proof information, documents, etc. that show that sth is true | довод, доказательство to overstay to stay longer than the length of time you are expected or allowed to stay | просрочить low-skilled that requires little or no experience or training to do or consists of routine tasks | низкоквалифицированный expensive costing a lot of money | дорогой to faint to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc | потеря сознания anaesthesiologist physician specialized in anaesthesiology | анестезист, врач-анестезиолог live-in nanny childcarer living with your family, or have their accommodation provided and paid for by the host family | няня | нянька с проживанием live-in nurse person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospital | сиделка с проживанием exception thing that does not follow a rule | исключение mortgage legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years | гипотека acquaintance person that you know but who is not a close friend | знакомый share any of the units of equal value into which a company is divided and sold to raise money. People who own shares receive part of the company's profits | акция possession something that you own or have with you at a particular time | имущество to attach to believe that sth is important or worth thinking about, to be connected with sb/sth | связывать clue object, a piece of evidence or some information that helps the police solve a crime | ключ to increase to make bigger | возрастать, увеличивать(ся) monument памятники (какой-либо) культуры next to nothing very cheap, almost free bagel hard bread roll that is shaped like a ring arrangement plan or preparation that you make so that sth can happen | договорённость intention what you intend or plan to do | намерение tense (grammar) any of the forms of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or state expressed by the verb | временная форма to browse to look at a lot of things in a shop/store rather than looking for one particular thing | проглядеть | небрежно, рассматривать (товары и т.п.) sports field pitch or a sports ground is an outdoor playing area for various sports. The term pitch is most commonly used in British English, while the comparable term in American and Canadian English is playing field or sports field | спортивная площадка, спортивное поле, игровое поле waterfront part of a town or an area that is next to water, for example in a harbour | прибрежная часть города, район порта nature trail path through countryside which you can follow in order to see the interesting plants and animals that are found there | туристская тропа, прогулочная дорожка harbour area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter | порт soap opera story about the lives and problems of a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television or radio | сентиментальная пьеса | "мыльная опера" (многосерийная тлв. мелодрама, герои которой решают бесконечные типичные проблемы средней семьи) to hurt to cause physical pain to sb/yourself | to injure sb/yourself | болеть rest period of relaxing | покой, отдых sick leave permission to be away from work because of illness | на больничном ankle /ˈæŋkl/ joint connecting the foot to the leg | голеностоп useful that can help you to do or achieve what you want | полезно obligatory that you must do because of the law, rules, etc | обязательный hill area of land that is higher than the land around it, but not as high as a mountain | холм wild living or growing in natural conditions | дикий so far, so good Until now things have gone well | пока всё идёт нормально deck chair folding chair, usually having arms and a full-length leg | шезлонг welfare general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group | социальное обеспечение stationery materials for writing and for using in an office, for example paper, pens and envelopes | канцелярские товары court of justice tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws |государственный суд facilities buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose | приспособления impostor person who pretends to be sb else in order to deceive people | обманщик, мошенник bullet small metal object that is fired from a gun | пуля to appear to start to be seen | to give the impression of being or doing sth | появляться to release to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped | освобождать to arrest if the police arrest sb, the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime | арестовывать, задерживать to rob to steal money or property from a person or place | грабить to pretend to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true | выдавать себя (за кого-либо) to punish to make sb suffer because they have broken the law or done sth wrong | наказывать to cure to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness | вылечить, лечить purpose intention, aim or function of sth | the thing that sth is supposed to achieve | намерение to cheat to act in a dishonest way in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game, a competition, an exam, etc | обманывать discipline area of knowledge | a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university | дисциплина (отрасль знания) punctual always on time | пунктуальный to get away to remove oneself from a familiar environment, usually for pleasure or diversion, to escape from | взять отпуск fizzy having bubbles of gas in it | газированный junk food (informal, disapproving) food that is quick and easy to prepare and eat but that is thought to be bad for your health spasm sudden and often painful tightening of a muscle, which you cannot control | судорога to recover to get well again after being ill/sick, hurt, etc | выздоравливать to prove to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that sth is true | доказать blossoming time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms | цветение industrial carpet ковролин to hurt to cause physical pain to sb/yourself | to injure sb/yourself | болеть rest period of relaxing | покой, отдых sick leave permission to be away from work because of illness | на больничном ankle /ˈæŋkl/ joint connecting the foot to the leg | голеностоп punishment making sb suffer because they have broken the law or done sth wrong | казнь to support to help or encourage sb/sth by saying or showing that you agree with them/it | поддержать painkiller drug that reduces pain | обезболивающее sore throat painful, and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much blister swelling on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid and is caused, for example, by rubbing or burning | мозоль mud wet earth that is soft and sticky | грязевой | земляной possession something that you own or have with you at a particular time | belonging | собственность | имущество valuable worth a lot of money | very useful or important | ценный | дорогой fur coat coat made of fur | меховая шуба fine penalty | административный штраф fizzy (of a drink) having bubbles of gas in it | газированный exception thing that does not follow a rule | исключение tower-running sport which involves running up tall man-made structures. Usually the races take place on the internal staircases of skyscrapers, but the term can cover any foot race which involves a course that ascends a man-made structure fashionable following a style that is popular at a particular time | модный Pilates /pɪˈlɑːtiːz/ type of mind-body exercise developed in the early 20th century by German physical trainer Joseph Pilates, after whom it was named. Piloxing (Pilates, boxing, dancing) barefoot interval workout that burns maximum calories, builds lean muscles and tones your entire body while increasing stamina and fitness levels. Performed to pumping music, piloxing is for those who like to see quick results and want to tone up. This is an intense workout and you will be huffing and puffing by the end of the session Zumba fitness program that involves cardio and Latin-inspired dance. It was founded by Colombian dancer and choreographer Beto Pérez in 2001, It currently has 200,000 locations, with 15 million people taking classes weekly, and is located in 180 countries sparring making the motions of boxing without landing heavy blows, as a form of training sparring partner someone who helps a boxer practice | участник подготовительного поединка, обеспечивающий борцу парную тренировку, имитирующую бой на ринге. Невозможно подготовиться к реальным поединкам, не боксируя с другими спортсменами to insist to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth | настаивать introduction act of bringing sth into use or existence for the first time, or of bringing sth to a place for the first time | введение, вступление islander /ˈaɪləndə/ native or inhabitant of an island | осровитянин, житель острова The Lord of the Rings epic high-fantasy novel by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien wilderness large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live there | пустыня | дикая местность creature /ˈkri:tʃə/ living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal | abandoned left and no longer wanted, used or needed | озаброшенный to realise to be / become aware | представлять себе | понимать to reach to arrive at the place that you have been travelling to | добраться | дотянуться of a lifetime wonderful opportunity, etc. that you are not likely to get again | на своём веку slash | windthrown trees dead-wood | scrog | brush | fallen deadwood | brash | branches | fallen trees | валежник wild living or growing in natural conditions | not kept in a house or on a farm | дикий to avoid to prevent sth bad from happening | избегать to dismiss to officially remove sb from their job | снять с должности | увольнение diary book with spaces for each day of the year in which you can write down things you have to do in the future | журнал | дневник to recognise to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them, because you have seen or heard them or it before | распознать to deal with (a problem) to solve a problem, carry out a task, etc | решать вопросы to criticise to find fault with | express criticism of | point out real or perceived flaws | критиковать condition circumstances or situation in which people live, work or do things | physical situation that affects how sth happens | условие to memorise to remember invention sth produced or designed that has not existed before | изобретение in a row number of people standing or sitting next to each other in a line | number of objects arranged in a line | ряд (in a row в ряд, in rows рядами) replica /ˈreplɪkə/ very good or exact copy of sth | реплика, точная копия | репродукция glider /ˈɡlaɪdə/ light aircraft that flies without an engine | планёр to try out to use (something not previously used) to determine its fitness for a particular purpose | испробовать, пытаться сделать, проверять to trigger to make sth happen suddenly | приводить к to conquer /'kɔŋkə:/ to succeed in dealing with or controlling sth | завоевать | побеждать to achieve to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially by making an effort for a long time | достигать | успешно выполнять | добиться to launch to start an activity, especially an organized one | начинать | запускать society people in general, living together in communities | общество useful that can help you to do or achieve what you want | полезный shy nervous or embarrassed about meeting and speaking to other people | застенчивый to respond to give a spoken or written answer to sb/sth | ответить, отвечать to take notes to record information from different sources and platforms | записывать делать записи to swallow to make food, drink, etc. go down your throat into your stomach | |глотать | проглатывать overweight too heavy and fat | избыточный вес couch potato (informal, disapproving) a person who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television | домосед, диванный овощ extra school activities дополнительные школьные мероприятия anthem /ænθəm/ song which has a special importance for a country or an organization and is sung on special occasions punctual being on time | пунктуальный to fetch to go to where sb/sth is and bring them/it back | сходить за (кем-либо) knowledge information, understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience | знание smell ability to sense things with the nose | нюх parosmia distorted sense of smell. Happens when smell receptor cells in your nose don't detect odours or transmit them to your brain. Causes include bacterial or viral infections, head trauma, neurological conditions and COVID-19 to look up to search for to re-read to read again to memorise to study until you remember | запоминать the least smallest in size, amount, degree, etc | наименьший, малейший, менее всего, в наименьшей степени mainstream ideas and opinions that are thought to be normal because they are shared by most people | the people whose ideas and opinions are most accepted approach way of dealing with sb/sth | a way of doing or thinking about sth such as a problem or a task | подход to carry on to continue to get sth right to understand and do what is expected | сделать как надо home-schooling practise of providing formal education, especially primary or secondary education, at home rather than in a school prize award that is given to a person who wins a competition, race, etc. or who does very good work | награда, премия, выигрыш ski resort resort with lodging and facilities for skiing | лыжная база, горнолыжный курорт alpine | mountain skiing pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings, unlike other types of skiing (cross-country, Telemark, or ski jumping), which use skis with free-heel bindings | горнолыжный off-piste skiing катание на лыжах по нетронутому снегу, вне традиционных трасс present perfect настоящее совершенное время squid sea creature that has a long soft body and ten short arms around its mouth, and that is sometimes used for food | кальмар to immerse (oneself) to become or make sb completely involved in sth | погружать thief = person who steals sth from another person or place | вор cheat something that seems unfair or dishonest, for example a way of doing sth with less effort than it usually needs | обман fault responsibility for sth wrong that has happened or been done | вина cable car vehicle that hangs from and is pulled by a moving cable and that carries passengers up and down a mountain | вагон канатной дороги cashew small curved nut of the tropical American cashew tree, used in cooking and often eaten salted with alcoholic drinks Frescobal racket sport originating in Brazil in the 1950s. The game is played between 2 (or occasionally 3) players with solid rackets, most often made of wood or fibreglass, and the aim of the game is to hit a small rubber ball between players for as long as possible. It is often considered a beach activity pastry кондитерские изделия, пирожное to lean to bend or move from an upright position | наклонять(ся) Leaning Tower tall round marble campanile in Pisa that is not perpendicular to speak up to speak louder, raise one's voice | говорить громче cosy warm, comfortable and safe, especially because of being small or enclosed | уютный sports field pitch or a sports ground is an outdoor playing area for various sports. The term pitch is most commonly used in British English, while the comparable term in American and Canadian English is playing field or sports field | спортивная площадка, спортивное поле, игровое поле waterfront part of a town or an area that is next to water, for example in a harbour | прибрежная часть города, район порта nature trail path through countryside which you can follow in order to see the interesting plants and animals that are found there | туристская тропа, прогулочная дорожка harbour area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter | порт soap opera story about the lives and problems of a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television or radio | сентиментальная пьеса | "мыльная опера" (многосерийная тлв. мелодрама, герои которой решают бесконечные типичные проблемы средней семьи) subject noun phrase or pronoun representing the person or thing that performs the action of the verb | подлежащее | предмет object noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb | дополнение to browse to look at a lot of things in a shop/store rather than looking for one particular thing | проглядеть | небрежно, рассматривать (товары и т.п.) heel raised part on the bottom of a shoe, boot, etc. that makes the shoe, etc. higher at the back | каблук monument памятники (какой-либо) культуры next to nothing very cheap, almost free bagel hard bread roll that is shaped like a ring arrangement plan or preparation that you make so that sth can happen | договорённость intention what you intend or plan to do | намерение tense (grammar) any of the forms of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or state expressed by the verb | временная форма not to stand (+ gerund) to dislike (doing sth) | не переносить to be keen on to like | желающий habit thing that you do often and almost without thinking, especially sth that is hard to stop doing | обычай partying social occasion, often in a person's home, at which people eat, drink, talk, dance and enjoy themselves to commute to travel regularly by bus, train, car, etc. between your place of work and your home | ездить ежедневно на работу из пригорода в город и обратно commuter person who travels to work means of transport transport facilities used to carry people or cargo | перевозочные средства | транспортные средства property building or buildings and the surrounding land | земельная собственность to be fed up with bored or unhappy, especially with a situation that has continued for too long | надоесть bright full of light | shining strongly | яркий | блестящий | светлый shelter building, usually owned by a charity, that provides a place to stay for people without a home, or protection for people or animals who have been badly treated | приют pity feeling of sympathy and sadness caused by the suffering and troubles of others | жаль plot of land real estate, a lot or plot is a tract or parcel of land owned or meant to be owned by some owner(s) | земельный участок dormitory room for several people to sleep in, especially in a school or other institution | студенческое общежитие entertainment films/movies, music, etc. used to entertain people | an example of this | развлечение retail selling of goods to the public, usually through shops/stores | розничная торговля legal industry sector of activity giving legal advice to clients, drafting legal documents for clients, and representing clients in legal negotiations and court proceedings such as lawsuits, and is applied to the professional services of a lawyer or attorney at law, barrister, solicitor, or civil law notary | юридическая сфера not to stand (+ gerund) to dislike (doing sth) | не переносить to be keen on to like | желающий lazybones (informal) lazy person | байбак court of justice суд enjoyable giving pleasure | приятный, доставляющий удовольствие muscovite inhabitant of Moscow | москвич, москвичка expectation приятный, доставляющий удовольствие | ожидание climber /ˈklaɪmə/ person who climbs (especially mountains) | альпинист avalanche /ˈævəlɑ:nʃ/ mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain | лавина to get into trouble to have a problem, worry, difficulty, etc. or be in a situation causing this | frightened // (of sth / of doing sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that ...) afraid | feeling fear | испуганный although /,ɔ:l'ðəu/ used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising | хотя to reward /rə'wɔ:rd/ ~ sb (for sth / for doing sth) to give sth to sb because they have done sth good, worked hard, etc | вознаграждать bribe sum of money or sth valuable that you give or offer to sb to persuade them to help you, especially by doing sth dishonest | взятка once in a while occasionally | время от времени salary money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month | размер оплаты труда guard (security ~) person whose job is to guard money, valuables, a building, etc | охрана exhausting very tiring | утомительный civil servant person who works in the civil service | чиновник sales rep representative | менеджер по продажам courier /'kə:i:ə:/ person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere under pressure in a state of stress or anxiety because of having too much to do | в стрессовой ситуации illegal not allowed by the law | не соответствующий (законодательству to dispute to question whether sth is true and valid | оспаривать regarding concerning sb/sth, about sb/sth | что касается to look forward to to expect with hope or pleasure | ожидать с удовольствием Yours sincerely (BrEn) | Sincerely yours (AmEn) signing off at the end of letters | с уважением salary money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month employee /ˌemplɔɪˈi:/ person who is paid to work for sb employer person or company that pays people to work for them welfare well-being: general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group | practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it | социальное пособие hairdresser person whose job is to cut, wash and shape hair | парикмахер swap (job ~) act of exchanging one thing or person for another | обмен to receive to get, obtain | получать time off time period when you are not required to work | перерыв, свободное время to keep to stay in a particular condition or position | держать | иметь в услужении soul mate person that you have a special friendship with because you understand each other's feelings and interests | задушевная подруга fortune teller person who claims to have magic powers and who tells people what will happen to them in the future | гадалка peg short piece of wood, metal or plastic used for holding things together, hanging things on, marking a position, etc | крючок (вешалки) mate friend | товарищ to fall out to have a disagreement & stop talking to each other | рассориться to rely on to depend on | полагаться на to get on to have a good relationship | находить общий язык to argue (with sb) (about / over sth) to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them | спорить humour quality in sth that makes it funny or amusing | юмор desperate feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others | безнадёжный to admire to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done | восхищаться | восторгаться to burn to produce flames and heat | сгарать, испытательный пожар far East (Russian ~) region in North East Asia | Дальний Восток (России) spouse husband or wife | супруг to respond to give a spoken or written answer to sb/sth | to do sth as a reaction to sth that sb has said or done | отреагировать to dash to go somewhere very quickly | броситься, ринуться to spring to mind to be remembered, to come to mind | прийти на ум to work out to find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | понять, решать to make your heart skip when your heart skips/misses a beat, you feel very excited or nervous | сердце замирает to split up to separate | to get a divorce | расстаться insect any small creature with six legs and a body divided into three parts | насекомые calm not excited, nervous or upset | спокойный to be wondering if used as a polite way of asking a question or asking sb to do sth | желать знать, задавать вопрос, задумываться grateful thankful, feeling or showing thanks because sb has done sth kind for you or has done as you asked | благодарный | признательный to hurry to do sth more quickly than usual because there is not much time, to rush | спешить внешние обстоятельства to work out to exercise | заниматься в зале backup procedure for making security copies of data or the copy itself | запасная копия obligation state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc | обязательство deduction process of using information you have in order to understand a particular situation or to find the answer to a problem | вывод to break the ice to deal with the first difficulties in starting a conversation, getting a party going, or making an acquaintance | сделать первый шаг (знакомству, разговору) to gossip to talk about other people's private lives, often in an unkind way | обсуждать последние сплетни to interrupt to say or do sth that makes sb stop what they are saying or doing | перебивать habit thing that you do often and almost without thinking, especially sth that is hard to stop doing | привычка rude having or showing a lack of respect for other people and their feelings, impolite | грубый | невежливый degree qualification obtained by students who successfully complete a university or college course | диплом об образовании to move house to change the place where you live to hang around to pass time or stay near without any real purpose or aim clubbing activity of going to nightclubs regularly cruise journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday spouse husband or wife | морское путешествие | крейсирование at first sight after a first quick look, immediately to propose to ask someone to marry you to get on well to have a good relationship to be engaged to agree to marry fiancé man that a woman is engaged to (i.e has officially agreed to marry) | жених fiancée woman that a man is engaged to (i.e. has officially agreed to marry) | невеста to swallow to make food, drink, etc. go down your throat into your stomach | глотать, проглатывать duty something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility | моральное обязательство ought synonym of 'should' | следовать, обязанность, долженствование obligation state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc | обязательство ability fact that sb/sth is able to do sth | способность deduction process of using information you have in order to understand a particular situation or to find the answer to a problem | вывод to reschedule to change the time at which sth has been arranged to happen, especially so that it takes place later | переносить срок roadside assistance service that assists motorists, motorcyclists, or bicyclists whose vehicles have suffered a mechanical failure that either cannot be resolved by the motorist, or has prevented them from reasonably or effectively transporting the vehicle to a garage to tow /'təu/ to pull a car or boat behind another vehicle, using a rope or chain | эвакуировать (транспортные средства to pump to make water, air, gas, etc. flow in a particular direction by using a pump or sth that works like a pump | накачать gauge /'geidʒ/ instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth, e.g. a fuel / petrol / temperature gauge | показатель traffic light(s) signal that controls the traffic on a road, by means of red, orange and green lights that show when you must stop and when you can go to observe to respect the law | наблюдать to replace sb/sth (with / by sb/sth) to remove sb/sth and put another person or thing in their place | to change sth that is old, damaged, etc. for a similar thing that is newer or better | заменить to belong (to sb) to be owned by sb | принадлежать (to someone – кому-либо) | convertible car with a roof that can be folded down or taken off | автомобиль с открывающимся верхом to obey to do what you are told or expected to do | слушаться to tailgate (informal, especially AmE) to drive too closely behind another vehicle to consider to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision | принимать в расчёт to avoid to try not to do sth | избегать lane section of a wide road, that is marked by painted white lines, to keep lines of traffic separate traffic jam long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly rush hour time, usually twice a day, when the roads are full of traffic and trains are crowded because people are travelling to or from work | час пик to cause to make sth happen, especially sth bad or unpleasant | to provoke | вызвать, быть причиной law whole system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey | закон at least minimum | минимально | хотя бы amount a quantity of sth | количество unexpected which is not planned | неожиданный | непредвиденный vehicle /ˈvi:ɪkl/ /'vi:hikəl/ thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or lorry/truck sedan passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for an engine, passengers, and cargo hatchback car with a sloping door at the back that opens upwards estate car (BrEn) | station wagon (AmEn) car with a lot of space behind the back seats and a door at the back for loading large items convertible car with a roof that can be folded down or taken off | автомобиль с открывающимся верхом windscreen (BrEn) | windshield (AmEn) window across the front of a motor vehicle (windscreen | windshield) wipers devices used to remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle's front window bonnet (BrEn) | hood (AmEn) metal part over the front of a motor vehicle, usually covering the engine bumper bar fixed to the front and back of a car, etc. to reduce the effect if it hits anything boot (BrEn) | trunk (AmEn) enclosed space at the back of a car that you put bags, cases, etc glove compartment (BrEn) | console (AmEn) small enclosed space or shelf facing the front seats of a car, used for keeping small things in vehicle registration plate | number plate (BrEn) | license plate (AmEn) metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes (flat / burst / punctured | bald / worn) tyre (to pump a ~) thick rubber ring that fits around the edge of a wheel of a car, bicycle, etc flat tyre (BrEn) | flat tire (AmEn) tyre that does not have any or enough air in it spare tyre extra tyre available in the event of a flat tyre or a burst (low beam | dipped beam | passing beam) headlights lights located at the front of a vehicle when driving at night in town high beam headlights | driving lights car's headlights that provide distant illumination (front) fog lights lights designed for use at low speed to increase the illumination directed towards the road surface in conditions of poor visibility due to rain, fog, dust or snow (left-hand | right-hand) indicator light on a vehicle that flashes to show that the vehicle is going to turn left or right blinkers (informal - BrEn) lights on a vehicle that flash to show that the vehicle is going to turn left or right hazard (warning) lights each of a pair of yellow flashing indicator lights on a vehicle, switched on simultaneously as a warning that the vehicle is stationary or unexpectedly slowing down or reversing dashboard part of a car in front of the driver that has instruments and controls in it petrol gauge measurement tool that tells you how much fuel you have left gear lever in a vehicle that turns engine power (or power on a bicycle) into movement forwards or backwards | particular position of the gears in a vehicle that gives a particular range of speed and power (to change gears - to be in 1st, 2nd, reverse... gear) handbrake (especially BrE) | emergency brake, parking brake (AmEn) brake in a motor vehicle that is operated by hand, used especially when the vehicle is not moving rear-view mirror flat mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle's rear window side mirrors mirrors placed on the exterior of motor vehicles for the purposes of helping the driver see areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle, outside the driver's peripheral vision seat belt belt that crosses the body in the front to keep drivers and passengers safe back seat seat in the back of a car to steer to control the direction in which a boat, car, etc. moves steering wheel round wheel drivers use to control a car’s direction to accelerate to push the accelerator pedal down to make a vehicle move faster to decelerate to reduce the speed at which a vehicle is travelling brake (to put | to slam on ~s) device for slowing or stopping a vehicle to pull in to park a car by moving it forward (usually into a parking space) to pull over to stop a car on the side of the road to park to stop and turn off a vehicle in an area (usually a car park - BrEn) to back out | to reverse to move a vehicle backwards to change lanes to move your vehicle into another lane to overtake (especially BrE) to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are to yield (to sb/sth) | to give way to allow vehicles on a bigger road to go first to swerve (especially of a vehicle) to change direction suddenly, especially in order to avoid hitting sb/sth horn device in a vehicle for making a loud sound as a warning or signal to sound | to honk | to toot to press a vehicle’s horn to obey to do what you are told or expected to do | слушаться to tailgate (informal, especially AmE) to drive too closely behind another vehicle to consider to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision | принимать в расчёт to avoid to try not to do sth | избегать to keep distance to avoid going near someone or something lane section of a wide road, that is marked by painted white lines, to keep lines of traffic separate one-way street street where drivers can only move in one direction zebra crossing (BrEn) | crosswalk (AmEn) area of road marked with broad black and white lines where vehicles must stop for people to walk across speed hump (especially BrEn) |speed bump (AmEn) | sleeping policeman (BrEn, informal) raised area across a road that is put there to make traffic go slower crossing (BrEn) | intersection place where two lines, two roads or two tracks cross interstate | express road a very long road where vehicles drive at fast speeds, not inside a city centre but outside or beside a city toll road express road on which tolls are collected bridge road that is built over an obstacle filling station | service station | petrol station (BrEn) | gas station (AmEn) place at the side of a road where you take your car to buy petrol car park (BrEn) | parking lot (AmEn) special place to leave a vehicle level crossing | railroad crossing (AmEn) intersection where a railway line crosses a road destination final place that you plan to go when you are driving traffic light(s) signal that controls the traffic on a road, by means of red, orange and green lights that show when you must stop and when you can go road sign sign near a road giving information or instructions to drivers driver person who controls a car, truck, or bus driving licence (BrEn) | driver's license (AmEn) official document that shows that you are qualified to drive passenger person who is travelling in a car, bus, train, plane or ship and who is not driving it or working on it | пассажир pedestrian person who is walking close to or beside a road ambulance special vehicle to help injured people by taking them to the hospital. it uses flashing lights and sound to get other drivers’ attention fire engine (BrEn) | fire truck (AmEn) special vehicle that carries equipment for fighting large fires accident when a vehicle hits another vehicle or object (ex. a tree, a sign, etc.) (car) crash accident in which a vehicle hits sth, for example another vehicle, usually causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengers to tow /'təu/ to pull a car or boat behind another vehicle, using a rope or chain speeding traffic offence of driving faster than the legal limit fine sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule traffic jam long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly road rage when a driver feels strong anger towards other drivers rush hour the hour or hours when the most cars are on the road (this is usually when people are driving to work or home from work) definition дефиниция removable подвижной vehicle перевозочное средство rush hour time, usually twice a day, when the roads are full of traffic and trains are crowded because people are travelling to or from work | час пик to bend down наклониться since /'sins/ from a time in the past until a later past time, or until now | because ahead /əˈhed/ further forward in space or time | in front to cause to make sth happen, especially sth bad or unpleasant | to provoke | вызвать, быть причиной law whole system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey | закон at least minimum | минимально | хотя бы amount a quantity of sth | количество brain organ inside the head that controls movement, thought, memory and feeling | мозг unexpected which is not planned | неожиданный | непредвиденный joy feeling of great happiness curious /ˈkjuərɪəs/ having a strong desire to know about sth | любопытный satisfaction good feeling that you have when you have achieved sth or when sth that you wanted to happen does happen | удовольствие | радость opportunity time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth | возможность | случай to remind ~ sb (about / of sth) to help sb remember sth important that they must do | напомнить to injure to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident | наносить травму to hurt to cause physical pain to sb/yourself journey act of travelling from one place to another, especially when they are far apart reserved сдержанный wildlife дикая природа RSVP abbreviation (written on invitations) which means 'please reply' (from French 'repondez s'il vous plait') house-warming party given by sb who has just moved into a new house | празднование новоселья potluck party (AmE) meal to which each guest brings some food, which is then shared out among the guests beverage /ˈbevərɪdʒ/ (formal) any type of drink except water | напиток to expect to be waiting for sb/sth to arrive, as this has been arranged | to think or believe that sth will happen or that sb will do sth | ожидать to iron /'aiə:n/ to make clothes, etc. smooth by using an iron | гладить (утюгем) reggae /'re,gei/ type of West Indian popular music with strong rhythms | регги | реггей (простая ритмичная музыка в стиле "рок" вест-индского происхождения)