pitch talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do sth egotistical /ˌɛɡəˈtɪstɪkl,ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkl/ excessively conceited or absorbed in oneself | self-centred to enthuse (about / over sth/sb) to talk in an enthusiastic and excited way about sth well thought out planned and organised carefully insight sudden, clear understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea unorthodox different from what is usual or accepted by most people to get round to deal successfully with a problem to go about to begin to do something or deal with something to read up on sth to acquire information about a particular subject by studying it intensively to catch on to become fashionable or popular to dream up to imagine or invent something to come up with to think of, invent, or create of used to talk about possession from used to refer to the original source of something disadvantaged deprived of some of the basic necessities or advantages of life, such as adequate housing, medical care, or educational facilities to hang out to spend time in a certain location or with certain people incubator organization which helps new businesses to develop by giving them office space, services and equipment and providing them with business and technical advice blockchain system in which a record of transactions made in Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency is maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network sight-impaired used to describe someone who cannot see well cystic fibrosis serious medical condition, especially affecting children, in which breathing and digesting food is very difficult Parkinson(’s) (disease) serious illness in which your muscles become very weak and your arms and legs shake glass ceiling ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions more bang for the buck good value for money to follow suit to do what someone else is doing | to play a card of the same colour and kind that another player has put down red tape (disapproving) official rules that seem more complicated than necessary and prevent things from being done quickly invention (in a work context) creation of a new product, service or process for the 1st time innovation (in a work context) improvement, further development or addition to something that as already been invented in order to make more profitable, better-suited to a market... blue sky thinking ideas that are not limited by the current beliefs or norms of a group or society. Blue-sky thinking can be ideas that are creative or whimsical and maybe even bizarre. Such thinking might lead to just the solution you need divergent to be or become different from what is expected, planned, etc divergent | lateral thinking process of creating multiple, unique ideas or solutions to a problem that you are trying to solve. Through spontaneous, free-flowing thinking, divergent thinking requires coming up with many different answers or routes forward cognitive flexibility ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts or to think about multiple concepts simultaneously whimsical unusual and not serious in a way that is either amusing or annoying | capricious fruition successful result of a plan, a process or an activity basically used to introduce an important point really used to introduce sth interesting or unexpected apparently according to what you have heard or read | according to the way sth appears in a way used to show uncertainty as to used to introduce a point to be addressed anyway used when changing the subject of a conversation, ending the conversation, or returning to a subject exploitative treating sb unfairly in order to gain an advantage or to make money buzzword word or expression from a particular subject area that has become fashionable by being used a lot, especially on television and in the newspapers basically used to introduce an important point really used to introduce sth interesting or unexpected apparently according to what you have heard or read | according to the way sth appears in a way used to show uncertainty as to used to introduce a point to be addressed anyway used when changing the subject of a conversation, ending the conversation, or returning to a subject exploitative treating sb unfairly in order to gain an advantage or to make money can-do willing to try new things and expecting that they will be successful to liaise to work closely with sb and exchange information with them eligible (for sth) | (to do sth) person who is eligible for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc basically used to introduce an important point really used to introduce sth interesting or unexpected apparently according to what you have heard or read | according to the way sth appears in a way used to show uncertainty as to used to introduce a point to be addressed anyway used when changing the subject of a conversation, ending the conversation, or returning to a subject exploitative treating sb unfairly in order to gain an advantage or to make money severe serious | extremely bad owing to because of in case in the event of sth happening, possibly negative | is NOT 'when' can-do willing to try new things and expecting that they will be successful to liaise to work closely with sb and exchange information with them eligible (for sth) | (to do sth) person who is eligible for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc couch potato (informal, disapproving) person who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television to span to include a large area or a lot of things USP unique selling point to defuse to stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation from developing, especially by making people less angry or nervous reciprocity situation in which two people, countries, etc. provide the same help or advantages to each other to rectify to put right sth that is wrong, to correct maturity quality of thinking and behaving in a sensible, adult manner to meddle in | with sth (disapproving) to become involved in sth that does not concern you to miss the point to be unable to comprehend the essence of what was meant sanity state of having a normal healthy mind to hold your own to be able to resist someone who is attacking or opposing you bloke /bləuk/ man, guy tomboy young girl who enjoys activities and games that are traditionally considered to be for boys fair enough used to admit that something is reasonable or acceptable patter sound that is made by sth repeatedly hitting a surface quickly and lightly e.g. rain solitude /ˈsɔlɪtju:d/ state of being alone, especially when you find this pleasant loneliness sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned | unpleasant emotional response to perceived isolation. Loneliness is also described as social pain to perpetuate /pəˈpetʃueɪt/ to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time compassionate feeling or showing sympathy for people who are suffering genuine real, authentic to think twice to consider a course of action carefully before embarking on it intercom system of communication by telephone or radio inside an office, plane, etc. | the device you press or switch on to start using this system to wander to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction | to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas, subjects, etc thrill strong feeling of excitement or pleasure | an experience that gives you this feeling to fraternise to be on friendly terms with someone, as if with a brother, especially with an enemy | to meet someone socially, especially someone who belongs to an opposing army or team, or has a different social position to keep your nose to the grindstone to work hard and continuously respite (from sth) short break or escape from sth difficult or unpleasant disengaged not involved and bored by sth to giggle (at / about sb/sth) to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous A and E Accident and Emergency - part of a hospital where people go when they are injured or sick and need treatment quickly non-disclosure agreement NDA is a legal document that protects your business information and trade secrets from vendors, employees, and third parties. Non-disclosure agreements help employers by protecting valuable, sensitive business information bully person who uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people boyish (approving) looking or behaving like a boy, in a way that is attractive to alleviate /əˈli:vɪeɪt/ to make sth less severe | to ease compassionate leave time that you are allowed to be away from work because sb in your family is ill/sick or has died, or for other personal reasons zero-hours | casual contract type of employment contract in United Kingdom labour law, between an employer and an employee whereby the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum number of working hours to the employee | such contracts are usually for 'piece work' or 'on call' work, for example for interpreters sought after wanted by many people, because it is of very good quality or difficult to get or to find to struggle to try hard | to fight snowflake person who is too sensitive to criticism and easily upset bucket list list of things people want to do in their lifetime job shadowing type of on-the-job training that allows an interested employee to follow and closely observe another employee performing the role. This type of learning is usually used to onboard new employees into an organization or into a new role cold-calling practice of telephoning sb that you do not know, in order to sell them sth to shear to cut the wool off a sheep portfolio career portfolio career includes different job titles and roles across various sectors. You might be a graphic designer who also offers a web design service and creates brochures. Additionally, you might offer an unrelated service, such as calligraphy. Embraces having several job titles, often simultaneously, to generate multiple income sources. You might have a main full-time paid job but freelance on the side. You might mix a part-time job with a side hustle or run your own start-up / passion project in your spare time conscientious /ˌkɔnʃɪˈenʃəs/ taking care to do things carefully and correctly sympathetic kind to sb who is hurt or sad | showing that you understand and care about their problems | not friendly or nice as in many other languages trusting tending to believe that other people are good, sincere, honest, etc heart of gold incredibly kind ot everyone down to earth very sensible and practical cold fish unfriendly and never showing emotions real pain in the neck annoying soft touch easy to persuade quick temper who gets angry very easily full of oneself thinking you are the most important person wouldn't hurt a fly very gentle person never lift a finger expecting others to do everything life and soul of the party great at telling jokes and making people laugh affectionate showing caring feelings and love for sb outgoing liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being friendly towards them sensitive (to sth) aware of and able to understand other people and their feelings | easily offended or upset bossy (disapproving) always telling people what to do moody having moods that change quickly and often | bad-tempered or upset, often for no particular reason stubborn (often disapproving) determined not to change your opinion or attitude stingy /ˈstɪndʒɪ/ (informal) not given or giving willingly | not generous, especially with money head-on in which people express strong views and deal with sth in a direct way gut feeling instinctive reaction, intuition white lie harmless or small lie, especially one that you tell to avoid hurting sb to have it out with someone to attempt to resolve a dispute or misunderstanding by confronting someone and engaging in a frank discussion or argument | to talk openly about sth to be having someone on (intransitive) to play a joke on someone to have had it to have had enough of sb/sth to have it in for sb to not like sb and be unpleasant to them to have got it in oneself (~ to do sth) to feel capable of doing sth to have a (real) laugh to enjoy oneself conscientious /ˌkɔnʃɪˈenʃəs/ taking care to do things carefully and correctly trusting tending to believe that other people are good, sincere, honest, etc heart of gold incredibly kind ot everyone down to earth very sensible and practical cold fish unfriendly and never showing emotions real pain in the neck annoying soft touch easy to persuade quick temper who gets angry very easily full of oneself thinking you are the most important person wouldn't hurt a fly very gentle person never lift a finger expecting others to do everything life and soul of the party great at telling jokes and making people laugh to have it out with someone to attempt to resolve a dispute or misunderstanding by confronting someone and engaging in a frank discussion or argument | to talk openly about sth to be having someone on (intransitive) to play a joke on someone to have had it to have had enough of sb/sth to have it in for sb to not like sb and be unpleasant to them to have got it in oneself (~ to do sth) to feel capable of doing sth to have a (real) laugh to enjoy oneself conclusively disproved completely and finally proved wrong ill-fated not lucky and ending sadly, especially in death or failure damning critical of sb/sth | suggesting that sb is guilty in the dead of night the middle of the night trait particular quality in your personality to have it out with someone to attempt to resolve a dispute or misunderstanding by confronting someone and engaging in a frank discussion or argument touching causing feelings of pity or sympathy | making you feel emotional assassination wilful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a person—especially if prominent or important stroke sudden serious illness when a blood vessel (= tube) in the brain bursts or is blocked, which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly to whet the appetite to increase desire for or interest in sth realm /relm/ area of activity, interest, or knowledge flair natural ability to do sth well | quality showing the ability to do things in an interesting and imaginative way to swoon to faint | to feel very excited, emotional, etc. about sb that you think is sexually attractive, so that you almost lose consciousness siren /ˈsaɪərən/ device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning | (in ancient Greek stories) any of a group of sea creatures that were part woman, part bird, whose beautiful singing made sailors sail towards them into rocks or dangerous waters | woman who is very attractive or beautiful but also dangerous siren (~ voices / song / call) temptation to do sth that seems very attractive but that will have bad results to craft to make by hand and with much skill deep dive in-depth examination or analysis of a topic cavern cave, especially a large one to play in the big leagues to work, compete, or participate in an area, echelon, or sphere of exceptional success, ability, power, achievement, etc dare brave enough to do sth to peek into to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it to juggle to try to deal with two or more important jobs or activities at the same time so that you can fit all of them into your life | to organize information, figures, the money you spend, etc. in the most useful or effective way to dazzle to blind temporarily or confuse the sight of by an excess of light | to impress or overpower (a person) with knowledge, ability, or any brilliant display or prospect finesse great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a delicate way | to deal with sth in a way that is clever but slightly dishonest fierce (especially of people or animals) angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening | (especially of actions or emotions) showing strong feelings or a lot of activity, often in a way that is violent trench long deep hole dug in the ground in which soldiers can be protected from enemy attacks to lead the charge to be one of the first to do something and leading others to do it too to wink to close one eye and open it again quickly, especially as a private signal to sb, or to show sth is a joke | sword of Damocles /'dæmə,kli:z/ (literary) bad or unpleasant thing that might happen to you at any time and that makes you feel worried or frightened SOLID in software programming, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make object-oriented designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. Although the SOLID principles apply to any object-oriented design, they can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development. Single-responsibility principle: "There should never be more than one reason for a class to change." In other words, every class should have only one responsibility. Open–closed principle: "Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification." Liskov substitution principle: "Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it." See also design by contract. Interface segregation principle: "Clients should not be forced to depend upon interfaces that they do not use." Dependency inversion principle: "Depend upon abstractions, [not] concretes unparalleled used to emphasize that sth is bigger, better or worse than anything else like it elation feeling of great happiness and excitement boundless without limits | seeming to have no end gratitude (to sb) (for sth) feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks wysiwyg what you see is what you get wysiwym what you see is what you mean portability ability to be ported (exported → imported) from one system to another pandoc free-software document converter, widely used as a writing tool (especially by scholars) and as a basis for publishing workflows. It was created by John MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley. It can take a document in one of the supported formats and convert only its markup to another format human-readable medium or format where any encoding of data or information can be naturally read by humans, e.g. in Unicode text, rather than as binary data single-sourcing use of a single document to produce other forms of documents, such as manuals and online help. It allows one document to be used in different kinds of formats, thereby increasing the usability of the documentation the bee's knees (informal) an excellent person or thing worth its salt someone or something deserves respect and is worth its cost or has value SEO (search engine optimisation) process used to optimize a website's technical configuration, content relevance and link popularity so its pages can become easily findable, more relevant and popular towards user search queries, and as a consequence, search engines rank them better backlink reference comparable to a citation. The quantity, quality, and relevance of backlinks for a web page are among the factors that search engines like Google evaluate in order to estimate how important the page is. PageRank calculates the score for each web page based on how all the web pages are connected among themselves, and is one of the variables that Google Search uses to determine how high a web page should go in search results. This weighting of backlinks is analogous to citation analysis of books, scholarly papers, and academic journals SERP (search engine results page) webpage displayed by a search engine in response to a query by a user. The main component of a SERP is the listing of results that are returned by the search engine in response to a keyword query funnel device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening | in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation snippet small piece of information or news CTA (Call to action) marketing term for any text designed to prompt an immediate response or encourage an immediate sale to plummet to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position hubris fact of sb being too proud | Hubris /ˈhjuːbrɪs/ - from Ancient Greek 'pride, insolence, outrage', describes a personality quality of extreme or excessive pride or dangerous overconfidence and complacency, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance to plummet to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position hubris fact of sb being too proud | Hubris /ˈhjuːbrɪs/ - from Ancient Greek 'pride, insolence, outrage', describes a personality quality of extreme or excessive pride or dangerous overconfidence and complacency, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance to thrive to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc GPT generative, pre-trained, transformer LLM large language model back-propagation identifying mistake and making changes | In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient estimation method used to train neural network models RLHF reinforcement learning with human feedback to parse to examine computer data and change it into a form that can be easily read or understood | to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it to thrive to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc GPT generative, pre-trained, transformer LLM large language model back-propagation identifying mistake and making changes | In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient estimation method used to train neural network models RLHF reinforcement learning with human feedback to parse to examine computer data and change it into a form that can be easily read or understood | to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it to seize to take control of a place or situation, often suddenly and violently | to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc divergence difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions left brain type logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others funnel device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening | in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation to stifle /'staifəl/ to prevent sth from happening | to prevent a feeling from being expressed to keep juices flowing to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone algocracy situation in which algorithm-based systems structure and constrain the opportunities for human participation in, and comprehension of, public decision- making human-zero mindset situation when costly, old-fashioned humans are taken out of the loop and management rely only upon AI to take decisions to craft to make sth using special skills, especially with your hands data scientist professional who creates programming code and combines it with statistical knowledge to create insights from data domain expert | subject-matter expert (SME) person who has accumulated great knowledge in a particular field or topic and this level of knowledge is demonstrated by the person's degree, licensure, and/or through years of professional experience with the subject to weave to put facts, events, details, etc. together to make a story or a closely connected whole derrick tall structure over an oil well for holding a drill (which makes the hole in the ground for getting the oil out) to be oversold to get more than you actually need no-frills firm or product that offers no extras | a generic product that carries no expensive label to strip to essentials to deprive of extra features to lower costs bare not covered with or protected by anything to rebadge to import goods from one country and sell them in another one under a different name equity value of sth above the amount owed sedan car (AmEn) | saloon car (BrEn) car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors ailing unwell, ill utilitarian designed to be useful and practical rather than attractive superfluous /'su:pə:fl,wəs/ more than you need or want to slap sth on to put sth on without much care to sit on the fence to be indecisive to dilute to make sth weaker or less effective to weather the storm to deal with, manage, go through to go under to go bankrupt, to sink to take another knock to take a blow, to suffer sth negative outlook belief about (or mental picture of) the future to feel the pinch to notice higher costs sound (~ advice) reliable to pass up to let (something) go by | refuse to accept compelling vary attractive empty nester parent whose children have grown up and left home to carve a niche for oneself to corner an area of the market to bite the bullet to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over in the winners' enclosure used in horse racing, where the winners go after the race (positive connotation) to rule out to dismiss from consideration or a contest | to eliminate open and shut case which looks rather black & white, clear-cut | obvious make or break factor bringing a complete success or failure, victory or defeat | the be all and end all to stand to reason situation when the numbers speak for themselves out of the question too impracticable or unlikely to merit discussion out of the equation too impracticable or unlikely to merit discussion out of the running too impracticable or unlikely to merit discussion saloon (BrEn) | sedan (AmE) car with four doors and a boot (space at the back for carrying things) which is separated from the part where the driver and passengers sit station wagon (BrEn) | estate car (AmE) car that has a long body and rear door with space behind rear seat 4WD SUV sport utility vehicle | high-performance four-wheel drive car built on a truck chassis seat-of-the-pants (~ decision) done or made by using your own judgement and feelings without planning, preparation, or help from others to fly by the seat of your pants to use your instincts to tell you what to do in a new or difficult situation rather than following a plan or relying on equipment drawing straws selection method, or a form of sorting, that is used by a group to choose one member of the group to perform a task after none has volunteered for it SMART specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound avenue choice or way of making progress towards sth to recoup to recover or regain (a loss) | to compensate or reimburse for a loss equities value of the shares issued by a company | (in pl.) stocks and shares not bearing fixed interest blue chip (~ companies | ~ investment) investment which is thought to be safe and likely to make a profit bricks and mortar houses | traditional retail outlets buy-to-let practice of buying property in order to rent it out to tenants risk-averse to have a tendency to avoid risky investments mantra commonly repeated word or phrase - a Hindu incantation to go pear-shaped to go wrong to entail to involve plum property good, fine property plum (BrE) (of a job, etc.) considered very good and worth having to wind up as /waind ʌp/ to become, to end up as to take a tumble to fall to be quids in to make a profit (quid sterling) to have your head screwed on to be sensible, practical, aware gut feeling instinctive reaction sure-fire certain to succeed to command a premium price to charge a lot of money to recap to summarise acts of God natural and unavoidable catastrophe that interrupts the expected course of events | force majeure flurry commotion | excitement | nervous agitation (a flurry of speculation | the flurry of the city utter (brilliance / nonsense) complete | without qualification | used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers bootstrapping help oneself, often through improvised means, do it yourself financing bootstrapping business art of starting business with little or no start-up capital or extra funding rationale explanation of the fundamental reasons | principle diy do it yourself CGI computer generated images on no account no way, in no way on no account no way, in no way class action type of lawsuit that is started by a group of people who have a problem in common to gain steam to achieve momentum flurry occasion when there is a lot of activity, interest, excitement, etc. within a short period of time elective (of a course or subject) that a student can choose to clamour /ˈklæmə/ to appeal, demand, shout to put money where your mouth is to give or spend money or take some action in order to do or support something that one has been talking about to lament (over) /ləˈment/ to express or feel grief for or about | to regret to put a stake in the ground to take the first step | to make a big move to get something started to make a dent in sth to make less by a very small amount | to reduce slightly scarcely (when) hardly | barely | only just to trade off to give up one desired objective in order to get another, when both cannot be achieved at the same time | to make a compromise to pretend to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true to deceive to make sb believe sth that is not true to be on to sb to understand the motives of someone | not be deceived reciprocity situation in which two people, countries, etc. provide the same help or advantages to each other consistency quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc likeability property that makes a person likeable, that allows them to be liked scarcity of smallness of quantity in proportion to the wants or demands | deficiency loquacious talkative officialdom people who are in positions of authority in large organizations when they seem to be more interested in following rules than in being helpful egghead (informal, disapproving or humorous) a person who is very intelligent and is only interested in studying streetwise (informal) having the knowledge and experience that is needed to deal with the difficulties and dangers of life in a big city hunch feeling that sth is true even though you do not have any evidence to prove it mañana mentality sums up the laid back Spanish culture (nothing is too important that it can't wait till "tomorrow!"). Others jokingly say "the word doesn't mean tomorrow, it simply means not today!" messianic relating to a messiah promising deliverance roundabout discourse | speech circumlocution | use of many words to describe something that already has a common and concise term (for example, saying "a tool used for cutting things such as paper and hair" instead of "scissors") savoir faire ability to act suitably in any situation | tact honourific title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. to collide to come into abrupt or violent impact | to be in conflict derailing making a train leave the track | preventing a plan or process from succeeding pitch talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do sth Lewis model born in an era of rampant globalisation of business, is particularly appropriate for assessing an individual’s likely performance in a commercial role. The design of the questionnaire is based on business situations. The nomenclature of the typologies is succinct: Linear-active, Multi-active, Reactive. While the three types are distinctive, each possesses behavioural elements from the other two categories. It is a question of which one is dominant. Many individuals deviate from the national type in a work situation e.g. engineers and accountants tend to be Linear, sales people Multi-active, lawyers and doctors Reactive linear-active culture culture where you may want to be concise, precise, and factual, avoid interruptions and distractions, and follow a clear agenda and timeline multi-active culture culture where you may want to be friendly, enthusiastic, and empathetic, allow for some flexibility and improvisation, and use stories and examples to illustrate your points reactive culture culture where you may want to be polite, respectful, and humble, listen attentively and patiently, and use indirect and subtle cues to convey your messages loquacious talkative officialdom people who are in positions of authority in large organizations when they seem to be more interested in following rules than in being helpful monochronic culture which schedules one event at a time in an orderly fashion polychronic culture where employees can work on several tasks simultaneously. Individuals thrive on carrying out more than one task at the same time as long as they can be executed together with a natural rhythm power distance strength of social hierarchy | has been defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society. All societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others (https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=orpc pg 8) masculinity-femininity task-orientation versus person-orientation IDV (individualism-collectivism) measures the extent to which people look out for each other as a team or look out for themselves as an individual UAI (uncertainty avoidance index) indicates to what extent nations avoid the unknown | is not the same as risk avoidance: it deals with a society's tolerance for ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict behavioural codes, laws and rules, disapproval of deviant opinions, and a belief in absolute Truth | 'there can only be one Truth and we have it' (https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=orpc pg 10) LTO (long-term orientation) expresses how societies either prioritize traditions or seek for the modern in their dealings with the present and the future IVR (indulgence vs restraint) comparison between a country's willingness to wait for long-term benefits by holding off on instant gratification, or preferences to no restraints on enjoying life at the present Millennials also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and early Gen Xers | millennials are often the parents of Generation Alpha | described as the first global generation and the first generation that grew up in the Internet age. The generation is generally marked by elevated usage of and familiarity with the Internet, mobile devices, and social media, which is why they are sometimes termed digital natives incentive something that encourages you to do sth gender gap difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programmes telework work from home, remotely frugality prudence in avoiding waste perseverance quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim in spite of difficulties indulgence (usually disapproving) the state or act of having or doing whatever you want | the state of allowing sb to have or do whatever they want | something that you allow yourself to have even though it is not essential gratification state of feeling pleasure when sth goes well for you or when your desires are satisfied | sth that gives you pleasure Carpe diem Latin aphorism, usually translated "seize the day", "pluck the day [as it is ripe]", that is 'Enjoy the moment' legitimate lawful, proper, regular, conforming to the standard type | logically admissible to lip someone | to give someone some lip to give someone some lip means to speak to someone in a way which is rude and doesn't show respect perpetuation act of prolonging something to undermine to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective to reprimand to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions construct idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true | contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind attuned familiar with sb/sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way hangover feeling, custom, habit, etc. that remains from the past, although it is no longer practical or suitable agreeable pleasant and easy to like fastidiousness trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style mobbing bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment enforcer one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul of sth (AmEn) to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of to undermine to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective | to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society to go against the grain to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to stifle to prevent sth from happening | to prevent a feeling from being expressed fastidiousness trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style mobbing bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment enforcer one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to undermine to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective | to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society to go against the grain to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to stifle to prevent sth from happening | to prevent a feeling from being expressed perpetuation act of prolonging something to undermine to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective to reprimand to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions construct idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true | contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind attuned familiar with sb/sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way hangover feeling, custom, habit, etc. that remains from the past, although it is no longer practical or suitable agreeable pleasant and easy to like fastidiousness trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style mobbing bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment enforcer one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to undermine to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective | to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society to go against the grain to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to stifle to prevent sth from happening | to prevent a feeling from being expressed political correctness (sometimes disapproving) the principle of avoiding language and behaviour that may offend particular groups of people politically correct term used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offence or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society. Since the late 1980s, the term has been used to describe a preference for inclusive language and avoidance of language or behaviour that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting to groups of people disadvantaged or discriminated against, particularly groups defined by ethnicity, sex, gender, or sexual orientation. In public discourse and the media, the term is generally used as a pejorative with an implication that these policies are excessive or unwarranted damn swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc bloody swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement stunned silence silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak RP (received pronunciation) approved pronunciation of British English | originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain) | until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting to converse to have a conversation with sb stunned silence silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak fourth wall (the ~) performance convention in which an invisible, imaginary wall separates actors from the audience. While the audience can see through this "wall", the convention assumes the actors act as if they cannot. From the 16th century onward, the rise of illusionism in staging practices, which culminated in the realism and naturalism of the theatre of the 19th century, led to the development of the fourth wall concept. innuendo indirect remark about sb/sth, usually suggesting sth bad or rude non sequitur statement that does not seem to follow what has just been said in any natural or logical way vox pops (vox populi) belief or sentiment shared by most people | the voice of the people It's all Greek to me way of saying that you do not understand something that is said or written kindred spirit person with similar ideas, opinions, etc self-deprecating done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant | ~ humour can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions. It may also be used as a way for individuals to appear more likeable and agreeable LGBTQ+ lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (or queer) - In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for marginalized sexualities and gender identities alliteration occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words (e.g. cool, calm, and collected) to exploit language to make good use of, manipulate to one's advantage ample enough or more than enough chime (of a bell or a clock) to ring | to show the time by making a ringing sound to chime in (with sth) to join or interrupt a conversation to drag your feet to take a long time to do sth wrench sharp strain on muscles or ligaments onomatopoeia using words that imitate the sound they denote fluency marker aha, er, hem... to tackle to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation | ~ sb (about sth) to speak to sb about a problem or difficult situation no-frills firm or product that offers no extras | a generic product that carries no expensive label advertising copy main text used in an advertisement. The text could be a dialogue, a catchy punch line or a company's dictum. Rather than meaning that the writer "copied" the material, it means that it is material that is intended to be copied — that is, reproduced and printed in the newspaper or ad for all to read copywriter person whose job is to write the words for advertising material curvaceous (informal) used in newspapers, etc. to describe a woman whose body has attractive curves zest enjoyment and enthusiasm | quality of being exciting, interesting and enjoyable | outer skin of an orange, a lemon, etc., when it is used to give flavour in cooking upholstery soft covering on furniture such as armchairs and sofas pun humorous play on words USP unique selling proposition feisty strong, determined and not afraid of arguing with people thorough done completely | with great attention to detail alliteration occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words e.g. cool, calm, and collected barrage /bə:'ɔʒ/ large number of sth, such as questions or comments, that are directed at sb very quickly, one after the other, often in an aggressive way to elicit to get information or a reaction from sb, often with difficulty | to draw forth (what is latent) off-the-shelf made in large quantities and intended to be used without modifications to walk the walk to show that something is true by your actions rather than your words, e.g. We're at this meeting because we're environmentalists who walk the walk | opposite of paying lip service savvy understanding the ins & outs, being knowledgeable to covet to desire to foster to promote potent having great influence icy cool with calm and not showing emotion in difficult situations flaming full of anger | used to add force, especially anger, to something that is said | passionate | intense (a flaming row) cross-selling selling (a different product or service) to an existing customer up-selling persuading a customer to buy something additional or more expensive bells & whistles many unnecessary effects more bang for the buck good value for money punch line final sentence, phrase, or word in a joke or humorous story that is unexpected and produces the humorous effect bricks & mortar shop traditional shop as opposed to e-commerce pushover person who can easily be overcome, persuaded, taken advantage of, etc upfront frank and honest incentive motive or incitement, esp. to action, encouragement prospects possibility of future success | marketing term describing potential customers captive market markets where the potential consumers face a severely limited number of competitive suppliers. Their only choices are to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all. The term therefore applies to any market where there is a monopoly or oligopoly to jump / get on a bandwagon to join a popular cause or movement token something that you do, or a thing that you give someone, that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect | piece of data that is used to represent and replace another one, in order to prevent private information being seen by someone who is not allowed to do so | used to describe an action, an amount, etc. that is intended to represent something or to show that you are doing something, even if is very small or has a small effect | used to refer to something that is done to in order to appear to support, help, or represent a particular group of people, but that does not help that group of people in a lasting or important way | round, metal or plastic disk which is used instead of money in some machines Millennials also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and early Gen Xers | millennials are often the parents of Generation Alpha beleaguered /bɪˈli:ɡə/ harassed, teased, annoyed, frustrated to the point of giving up to sort out to make free from confusion or ambiguity | make clear to account for to be the reason or explanation for itinerary /aɪˈtɪnərərɪ/ detailed route out of the blue from nowhere, in a way that was not expected allegation formal accusation against somebody across the board including everyone or all, so that all are included on balance all things considered, essentially by and large usually | as a rule at large as a rule, in general to hold off on sth to wait before acting in effect of course at a stroke all at once, all in a go as it were as you might say, so to speak by the same token in the same way glitch fault or defect in a computer program, system, or machine in the wake of as a result of | right after | following commendable (formal) deserving praise and approval to give an edge to give an advantage differentiation act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference to evoke to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind middle-aged being roughly between 45 and 65 years old to constitute to form, compose differentiation act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference lifestyle management solutions catchy (informal) (of music or the words of an advertisement) pleasing and easily remembered strategic branding how you deliver the benefits of the brand to the consumer endowment /en'daumənt/ money that is given to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income | the act of giving this money anthrax bioterrorism (examples of ~) in the United States in 2001 and 2002, anthrax spores were mailed through the U.S. Postal Service system, causing 18 confirmed cases of both inhalation and cutaneous anthrax. Five people with inhalation anthrax died, none of the cutaneous cases resulted in death. In other instances, threats of anthrax have been hoaxes to date so far, up to this day endowment /en'daumənt/ money that is given to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income | the act of giving this money anthrax bioterrorism (examples of ~) in the United States in 2001 and 2002, anthrax spores were mailed through the U.S. Postal Service system, causing 18 confirmed cases of both inhalation and cutaneous anthrax. Five people with inhalation anthrax died, none of the cutaneous cases resulted in death. In other instances, threats of anthrax have been hoaxes to shrink to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount thorough complete, exhaustive to draw on something to be inspired by, based on, modelled on to assign to give sb sth that they can use, or some work or responsibility to the letter with nothing done wrong or left undone | exactly | precisely focus group form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members to carry out orders to the letter with nothing done wrong or left undone, exactly, precisely, by the book built-in / planned obsolescence commercial strategy to decide of built quality and when goods could become old-fashioned | falling into disuse or becoming out of date obsolete no longer used because sth new has been invented | out of date to lag (behind sb/sth) to move or develop slowly or more slowly than other people, organizations, etc infant baby or very young child frantically in an uncontrolled manner to boast to talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can do to strap to fasten sb/sth in place using a strap or straps astounding surprising untapped market potential market which hasn't been exploited yet convergence occurrence of two or more things coming together to saturate to fill to capacity saturated when there a more goods than people who want to buy them to dispense to distribute, deal out coverage area where mobile technology thorough done completely | with great attention to detail to outline to give a description of the main facts or points involved in sth to bear in mind to take into consideration, not to forget to accommodate to change your behaviour so that you can deal with a new situation better to make a fuss to quarrel about petty points to see eye to eye on to agree fully | hold exactly the same opinion stake (in sth) important part or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful |something that you risk losing, especially money, when you try to predict the result of a race, game, etc., or when you are involved in an activity that can succeed or fail |money that sb invests in a company riot occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest to see eye to eye on to agree fully | hold exactly the same opinion to be short-staffed inadequate in number of workers or assistants etc. rat race a confusing scramble, struggle, or way of living that does not seem to have a purpose Masala Chai Indian beverage made by brewing black tea with fragrant spices, sugar and milk to make a fuss to quarrel about petty points to see eye to eye on to agree fully | hold exactly the same opinion stake (in sth) important part or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful |something that you risk losing, especially money, when you try to predict the result of a race, game, etc., or when you are involved in an activity that can succeed or fail |money that sb invests in a company riot occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest to see eye to eye on to agree fully | hold exactly the same opinion to be short-staffed inadequate in number of workers or assistants etc. rat race a confusing scramble, struggle, or way of living that does not seem to have a purpose subservient less important than sth else to break the ice to overcome the first difficulties in starting a conversation, getting a party going, or making an acquaintance pretext (for sth / for doing sth) | ~ (to do sth) false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason | an excuse to turn down to say, to refuse to pull someone's leg to play a joke on sb foodie (informal) person who is very interested in cooking and eating different kinds of food to pull someone's leg to play a joke on sb venue place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conference economies of scale when production costs are reduced by producing substantial quantities differentiation /,difə:,entʃi:'eiʃən/ discrimination between things as different and distinct switching costs costs involved in changing hardware from one producer to another to exert to use power or influence to affect sb/sth crunch time crucial moment, when sth long awaited is going to happen | critical period of time during which it is necessary to work hard and fast runaway success happening very easily or quickly, and not able to be controlled hip fashionable, trendy to unveil to reveal, disclose to cede to give up to dabble to play in or as if in water, as of small children, to work with in an amateurish manner revered respected, admired niche player company present in a small segment of a market to be entitled qualified for by right according to law seamless having no spaces or pauses between one part and the next fully-fledged completely developed | with all the qualifications necessary for sth shrewd clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation | astute circumspect /'sə:kəm,spekt/ thinking very carefully about sth before doing it, because there may be risks involved fibre part of food that helps to keep a person healthy by keeping the bowels working and moving other food quickly through the body seed small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can grow newly-wed someone recently married | honeymooner ripe fully grown and ready to be eaten harvest time of year when the crops are gathered in on a farm, etc. | the act of cutting and gathering crops crate box or case whose sides are of wooden slats with interspaces, used especially for transporting fruit punnet a small light basket or container for fruit or vegetables to shrivel to draw, or be drawn, into wrinkles | to shrink, and form corrugations | a leaf shrivels in the hot sun | the skin shrivels with age bruise mark on a fruit or vegetable where it is damaged sound reliable | in good condition | not damaged, hurt, etc to decay to rot | to be destroyed gradually by natural processes | to destroy sth in this way to justify to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable unrivalled having no equal to appal to make someone have strong feelings of shock or of disapproval out of order in poor condition | not working properly nuisance /ˈnju:sns/ thing, person or situation that is annoying or causes trouble or problems clause item in a legal document that says that a particular thing must or must not be done at your end part of an activity with which sb is concerned, especially in business to flood ~ in / into / out of sth to arrive or go somewhere in large numbers nuisance thing, person or situation that is annoying or causes trouble or problems to go to great lengths to do everything you can batch amount of food, medicine, products produced at one time somewhat to some degree | rather to see to sth be careful or certain to do something | make certain of something teething problems small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning to keep sb posted to keep sb informed vial | phial small glass container, for liquid medicine or perfume forklift small industrial vehicle with a power operated forked platform in front that can be inserted under loads to lift and move them skip large open container for putting old bricks, rubbish/garbage, etc. in. The skip is then loaded on a lorry/truck and taken away stacking placing in a vertical arrangement so that each item in a pile is resting on top of another item in the pile rack piece of equipment, usually made of metal or wooden bars, that is used for holding things or for hanging things on pallet heavy wooden or metal base that can be used for moving or storing goods to stack to arrange objects neatly in a pile | to be arranged in this way shift log record of what happened during the period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes to critique /krə'ti:k/ to write or give your opinion of, or reaction to, a set of ideas, a work of art, etc visual arts painting, depicting, drawing, design, art, plastic arts, visual arts, portraiture, landscape painting charcoal /'tʃɔr,kəul/ black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven with little air, used as a fuel or for drawing sketch simple picture that is drawn quickly and does not have many details to evoke to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind to convey ~ sth (to sb) to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb overwhelming very great or very strong | so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react despair feeling of having lost all hope to wow sb to make sb feel impressed and admire sth to rehearse to practise or make people practise a play, piece of music, etc. in preparation for a public performance craft activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands | quilt /'kwilt/ duvet | decorative cover for a bed, made of two layers with soft material between them to portray to show sb/sth in a picture | to describe sb/sth in a piece of writing to depict to describe sth in words, or give an impression of sth in words or with a picture to feature to include a particular person or thing as a special characteristic impressionism style in painting developed in France in the late 19th century that uses colour to show the effects of light on things and to suggest atmosphere rather than showing exact details cubism style and movement in early 20th century art in which objects and people are represented as geometric shapes, often shown from many different angles at the same time gargoyle ugly figure of a person or an animal that is made of stone and through which water is carried away from the roof of a building, especially a church Gothic (architecture) built in the style that was popular in Western Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries, and which has pointed arches and windows and tall thin pillars: a Gothic church |(of a novel, etc.) written in the style popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, which described romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening surroundings to mend to repair shoddy designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently heavy-duty made for long or hard use | very strong flimsy thin strong lightweight translucent paper used especially for making carbon copies, lacking solidity or strength, not convincing to splash out (informal) to spend a lot of money on sth compliance (in - with) practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority disposable item that can be disposed of after it has been used tough strong enough to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations statutory /ˈstætjutərɪ/ fixed by law | that must be done by law compulsory obligatory design fault flaw in a product which is due to it being poorly designed technical specifications precise guidelines which establish how the product should be built industry standards accepted norm in a particular field of business to impose to force sb/sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant quality assurance system put in place to ensure that quality targets are met beholder person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | observer substandard of less than the required or normal quality or size | inferior exacting needing or demanding a lot of effort and care about details durability ability to last long by resisting to stress or force white goods domestic appliance, is usually defined as a large machine which accomplishes some routine housekeeping task, which includes purposes such as cooking, or food preservation built-in / planned obsolescence commercial strategy to decide of built quality and when goods could become old-fashioned | falling into disuse or becoming out of date fracture fact of sth breaking, especially a bone heading title printed at the top of a page or at the beginning of a section of a book superficial not studying or looking at sth thoroughly | seeing only what is obvious sake (for the - of sth) because of the interest or value sth has, not because of the advantages it may bring enchanting capturing interest as if by a spell spell words that are thought to have magic power or to make a piece of magic work elusive difficult to find, define, catch, or achieve craze an interest followed with exaggerated zeal, sth which becomes suddenly very popular to take for granted to accept without verification or proof | to suppose or understand to be true lean of organizations, etc.) strong and efficient because the number of employees has been reduced | (of meat) with little fat trap a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned fads any form of behaviour that develops among a large population and is collectively followed with enthusiasm for some period, generally as a result of the behaviour's being perceived as novel in some way | things which are fashionable for a short time sour unpleasant, unsuccessful, having a stale taste marvel wonderful and surprising person or thing amid in the middle of or during sth, especially sth that causes excitement or fear to rumble to make a long deep sound or series of sounds embarrassed shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation to foil to stop sth from happening, especially sth illegal | to prevent sb from doing sth Foil Arms and Hogs group's name evolved from nicknames each of the members had for each other, Foil (Sean Finegan) being the comedy foil, Arms (Conor McKenna) was 'All arms and Legs' and Hog (Sean Flanagan) because he ostensibly hogged the limelight foil in films, TV shows, and books, a foil character is someone who contrasts with another character – usually the main character – to highlight their qualities judas /'dʒu:dəs/ person who betrays a friend | traitor attire /əˈtaɪə/ clothes white lie harmless or small lie, especially one that you tell to avoid hurting sb confessional (of speech or writing) in which a person reveals private thoughts or admits to past incidents, especially ones about which they feel ashamed or embarrassed to divulge /di'vəldʒ/ to make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret to give away to reveal a secret to blurt out to divulge a secret | to say sth suddenly and without thinking carefully enough innermost being deepest within the self to spill the beans to tell a secret to someone who is not supposed to know about it to let the cat out of the bag to divulge to give the game away to disclose a secret deliberately to stay / keep schtum to remain silent, or say nothing (probably derives from the German word stumm meaning silent) to make up to come to terms, to reconcile at the drop of a hat without waiting | immediately | promptly | whenever you have a chance off one's chest told to someone and so not bothering you any more | not making you feel worried or upset, because you have talked about it furtive /'fə:tiv/ (disapproving) behaving in a way that shows that you want to keep sth secret and do not want to be noticed to dare to have the courage to do sth compelled forced to to turn a blind eye to to refuse to acknowledge | not to take into consideration | to pretend not to see sth | to ignore to come to your senses to think clearly | behave as usual or as you should | act sensibly | to become conscious again | wake up to fix up ~ a meeting) to make arrangements for to withdraw ~ sth (from sth) to stop giving or offering sth to sb to live up to to satisfy | meet the requirements or expectations of to suffer ~ (from sth) | ~ (for sth) to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc | to experience sth unpleasant, such as injury, defeat or loss to cure ~ sb (of sth) to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness to withhold to refuse to give sth to sb reluctant ~ (to do sth) hesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do severe extremely bad or serious to kill two birds with one stone to succeed in doing two things by only one action at stake at risk, in question or at issue thrift shop retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money by selling mainly used goods such as clothing, books, music albums, shoes, DVDs, toys, and furniture donated by members of the public, and are often staffed by volunteers. Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices scan-based trading where retailers pay suppliers for a product when consumers purchase it rather than at the time it is delivered to the store traceability in logistics, traceability refers to the capability for tracing goods along the distribution chain on a batch number or series number basis. Traceability is an important aspect for example in the automotive industry, where it makes recalls possible, or in the food industry where it contributes to food safety to turn a blind eye to to refuse to acknowledge | not to take into consideration | to pretend not to see sth | to ignore to come to your senses to think clearly | behave as usual or as you should | act sensibly | to become conscious again | wake up to fix up ~ a meeting) to make arrangements for to withdraw ~ sth (from sth) to stop giving or offering sth to sb to live up to to satisfy | meet the requirements or expectations of to suffer ~ (from sth) | ~ (for sth) to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc | to experience sth unpleasant, such as injury, defeat or loss to cure ~ sb (of sth) to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness to withhold to refuse to give sth to sb reluctant ~ (to do sth) hesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do severe extremely bad or serious succinct /səkˈsɪŋkt/ briefly giving the gist of something ore mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined dairy containing, or concerning milk and its products sell-by date date stamped on perishable produce indicating the date by which it should be sold stockout | out-of-stock (OOS) event event that causes inventory to be exhausted. While out-of-stocks can occur along the entire supply chain, the most visible kind are retail out-of-stocks in the fast-moving consumer goods industry reverse logistics maximising the value of all goods which, for one reason or another, are removed from the primary distribution channel | return of goods from cradle to grave during the entire life cycle salvage act of saving goods or property that were in danger of damage or destruction | before being used or consumed, e.g. best-by date past but yogurts haven't been eaten yet to oversee to make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly | to supervise smallholder person who owns or rents a small piece of land for farming bewildering making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose from or because sth is difficult to understand commodity product or a raw material that can be bought and sold, especially between countries lift-out when the outsourcing service provider hires the people who used to be employed by the client to do the same work non-disclosure agreement legal contract or part of a contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict access to knowledge drain when employees refuse lift-out and leave the company altogether knowledge worker smart, educated, English-speaking people cubicle farm place where large numbers of office workers work in cubicles, such as call centres small area set off by walls for special use, booth mill factory that produces a particular type of material offshoring when production & services are operating or located in a foreign country historical precedent example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time breakthrough app miracle technology solace /ˈsɔləs/ sth reassuring | comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment neat tidy and in order | carefully done or arranged net effect overall effect sunset industry declining industry or technology blue collar manufacturing worker white collar office worker Nehru Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule swarm large group of people, especially when they are all moving quickly in the same direction to gobble to eat sth very fast, in a way that people consider rude or data crunching adding up numbers to wield to have and use power, authority, etc | to brandish aide-de-camp (abbreviation ADC) an officer in the army or navy who helps a more senior officer détente improvement in the relationship between two or more countries which have been unfriendly towards each other in the past bewildering making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose from or because sth is difficult to understand observant paying close attention, especially to details to acqui-hire to buy out (a company) primarily for the skills and expertise of its staff, rather than for its products or services acqui-hiring when a company acquires another company primarily for the talent or expertise of its individual employees intimidating frightening in a way which makes a person feel less confident Pareto principle rule which states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. In other words, a small percentage of causes have an outsized effect performance appraisal meeting in which an employee discusses his or her progress, aims, and needs at work with his or her manager or employer to perceive ~ sth (as sth) to understand or think of sth in a particular way astute /ə'stu:t/ eagle-eyed | penetrating | skilled | discriminating | cunning defensive attempting to justify or defend in speech or writing responsive reacting quickly and in a positive way upfront frank and honest non-committal /'nɔn kə'mitəl/ not giving an opinion | not showing which side of an argument you agree with ruthless having no pity or compassion stance standpoint | an attitude of mind to blackmail sb (into doing sth) to force sb to give you money or do sth for you by threatening them, for example by saying you will tell people a secret about them to dress up to put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive to dress down to dress informally and casually to steer clear to avoid, direct (oneself) somewhere PA personal assistant appraisal assessment pantomime /ˈpæntəmaɪm/ performance using gestures and body movements without words to slave away (at sth) to work very hard daring brave | willing to do dangerous or unusual things foul-up /ˈfaulʌp/ problem caused by bad organization or a stupid mistake undertaker person whose job is to prepare dead people to be buried or cremated, and to arrange funerals cringing totally submissive grovelling creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground | to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth sycophancy flattering obsequiousness, trying too hard to please sb, especially sb who is important cock-up mistake that spoils people's arrangements jammy lucky, especially because sth good has happened to you without you making any effort waffle language that uses a lot of words but does not say anything important or interesting inert without power to move or act self-confident showing poise and confidence in your own worth mind-share amount of time spent thinking on sth to suit sb down to the ground to be extremely convenient for sb employability (long-term ~ / short term ~) fact of having the skills and qualifications that will make sb want to employ you invariable /ɪnˈvɛərɪəbl / always the same | never changing premise statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn aptitude natural propensity or talent flawed which has a mistake. error discretion (at sb's ~) freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation thus from that fact or reason or as a result, in the way indicated performance appraisal evaluation of work achieved insight clear or deep perception of a situation to get the upper hand to be in a controlling position to juggle to manage several tasks at the same time to assert oneself to behave in a firm, confident way attribute quality ascribed to a person or thing satire way of criticizing a person, an idea or an institution in which you use humour to show their faults or weaknesses | a piece of writing that uses this type of criticism ruthless having no pity or compassion stance standpoint | an attitude of mind to blackmail sb (into doing sth) to force sb to give you money or do sth for you by threatening them, for example by saying you will tell people a secret about them to dress up to put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive to dress down to dress informally and casually to steer clear to avoid, direct (oneself) somewhere PA personal assistant self-confident showing poise and confidence in your own worth mind-share amount of time spent thinking on sth to scratch a few backs to do favours for people in the hope they will be returned, e.g. Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours to pass the buck to ask someone to do an unpleasant task for you, e.g. Buck-passing clerks in stores make customers angry off-the-peg (especially of clothing) made in standard sizes and available from merchandise in stock low touch products sold on the Internet that you don't need to see by yourself in order to buy e.g. books high touch products sold on the Internet that you need to see by yourself in order to buy e.g. fragrances garment (formal) a piece of clothing pics / pix pictures sweatshop (disapproving) a place where people work for low wages in poor conditions BTW by the way ill-fitting not the right size or shape fickle (of a person) often changing their mind in an unreasonable way so that you cannot rely on them petition ~ (against / for sth) a written document signed by a large number of people that asks sb in a position of authority to do or change sth to dispel to make sth, especially a feeling or belief, go away or disappear cohesive forming a united whole lining layer of material used to cover the inside surface of sth e.g. a pair of leather gloves with fur linings, e.g. Pin the lining to the outer fabric absenteeism fact of being frequently away from work or school, especially without good reasons breach failure to do sth that must be done by law bullying act of using strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people to cover for to substitute for a person ultimately in the end | finally to occur to happen attrition process of making sb/sth, especially your enemy, weaker by repeatedly attacking them or creating problems for them to turn a blind eye to to pretend not to see | not pay attention resentful feeling bitter or angry about sth that you think is unfair to chill out to become quiet or calm, especially after a state of agitation room for manoeuvre /məˈnu:və/ the chance to change the way that sth happens and influence decisions that are made roto-patterns short breaks during the work day thanks to other team members covering for each other's absence cogwheel wheel with a series of teeth on the edge that fit between the teeth on the next wheel and cause it to move compelling that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting | so strong that you must do sth about it to elicit to get information or a reaction from sb, often with difficulty | to draw forth (what is latent) | выявлять | делать вывод | выводить | вытянуть giganomics making a living from a number of 'gigs', i.e. part time jobs, short term projects, etc one-off happening or done only once bleak not hopeful or encouraging lucrative producing a large amount of money | making a large profit fainthearted lacking conviction or boldness or courage bleak not hopeful or encouraging | bare, empty or with no pleasant features swings & roundabouts when two choices have the same amount of gains and losses so that there is little differences, situation in which different actions or options result in no eventual gain or loss, what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts, e.g. If you earn more, you pay more tax, so it's all swings and roundabouts to drop in to visit someone | to mention sth casually in a conversation to coin to invent a new word or expression to graft to work very hard (informal) gig job, especially one that does not last a long time (AmEn) bid an attempt to achieve or obtain sth bookkeeper person whose job is to keep an accurate record of the accounts of a business miscellanies group or collection of different kinds of things AOB any other business lifelong learning ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons. It is important for an individual's competitiveness and employability, but also enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development sole trader type of enterprise owned and run by one person and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business entity. A sole trader does not necessarily work alone and may employ other people C-level also called the C-suite, is a term used to describe high-ranking executive titles in an organization. The letter C, in this context, stands for "chief," as in chief executive officer and chief operating officer inevitable which can't be avoided to cover for to take the place of sb else who is not available for a period of time to line up to have a set of items, events etc. arranged to follow one another teleworking practice of working from home, communicating with your office, customers and others by telephone, computer, etc shift work work split in periods of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes casual labour work on daily basis where you get 'cash in hand' to cope (with sth) to deal successfully with sth difficult | to manage to trigger to initiate, start, stimulate to take for granted to accept without verification or proof bland mild, not irritating, tasteless, not stimulating, insipid to sign up join a club, an activity, etc. with the intention to join or participate | to promise to do something by signing your name obsessive compulsive who feels compelled to do certain things | anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts and feelings and repetitive, ritualized behaviours to stride to walk w/ confidence to derive to come from to thrash to beat v easily relentless not stopping or getting less strong | refusing to give up or be less strict or severe upper hand (to have the ~) advantage loopy crazy curse bad magic spell jinx force that brings bad luck rife common, widespread urge strong desire to slam to close violently cosy enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space to indulge (oneself) into take pleasure freely | побаловать себя to be fond of to like very much, to be keen on repulsive causing a feeling of strong dislike | very unpleasant attached ~ (to sb/sth) full of affection for sb/sth to have a go at sth to give sth a try to have a go on sth to have a ride on sth to give sth a go to try sth for the first time to make a go of sth to succeed in doing sth | to turn into a success on the go very busy or active to set out to leave, depart gender role overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness gender gap difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programmes to impede to be a hindrance or obstacle to glass ceiling ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions sticky floor metaphor to point to a discriminatory employment pattern that keeps workers, mainly women, in the lower ranks of the job scale, with low mobility and invisible barriers to career advancement to overreach to fail by trying to achieve more than is possible to reconcile /'rekən,sail/ to make (one thing) compatible with (another) | to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together to sing praises to express your approval or admiration for sb/sth to hit below the belt disregarding the rules (from the notion of an illegal low blow in boxing) self-starter energetic person with unusual initiative to beg request urgently or persistently irritable getting annoyed easily | showing your anger patriarchal (of societies) being ruled by or having descent traced through the male line to pamper (sometimes disapproving) to take care of sb very well and make them feel as comfortable as possible gender role overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness overt /oʊˈvɝːt/ done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret LGBT lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender BATNA best alternative to a negotiated agreement. In negotiation theory, the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement or BATNA is the most advantageous alternative course of action coinage process of inventing a word or phrase | what doesn't cost you much but has high value for the other party to meet half way to yield or concede half of the difference in order to effect a compromise or reconciliation with to adore to love sb very much | to like sth very much rumour piece of information, or a story, that people talk about, but that may not be truei | разговоры | слух asset person or thing that is valuable or useful to sb/sth disgrace loss of other people's respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved |person or thing that is so bad that people connected with them or it feel or should feel ashamed | позор hospitality business of providing food, drink, and accommodation for customers of restaurants, bars, etc. or guests at hotels | food, drink, and entertainment provided by a company for business associates, e.g. business trips and corporate hospitality revenue income, esp. of a large amount, from any source to have a finger in every pie to be involved in a lot of different activities or knows about a lot of different things to pull off to be successful | to achieve a goal to have a finger in every pie to be involved in a lot of different activities or knows about a lot of different things to outbid sb for sth to offer more money than sb else in order to buy sth, for example at an auction fringe benefits extra things that an employer gives you as well as your wages endorsement statement made in an advertisement, usually by sb famous or important, saying that they use and like a particular product apparel /əˈpærəl/ (especially AmE) clothing, when it is being sold in shops/stores to lose sight of the bigger picture to see the trees but not the forest fairly in a fair and reasonable way | honestly | to some extent but not very BATNA best alternative to a negotiated agreement. In negotiation theory, the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement or BATNA is the most advantageous alternative course of action detriment (to the ~ of) act of causing harm or damage | sth that causes harm or damage to tie up loose ends to finish | to complete to probe (into sth) to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about sb/sth to get a foot in the door to have a chance to do something that could lead to further opportunities. price conscious aware of how much things cost and thus avoiding buying expensive items | looking for value for money to eavesdrop to listen secretly to what other people are saying ingratiation psychological technique in which an individual attempts to influence another person by becoming more likeable to their target | усилия, предпринимаемые человеком с целью понравиться другим людям. Совершенно очевидно, что если вам нужно чего-либо добиться от окружающих, то быстрее всего результаты будут достигнуты, если вы сможете сделать так, чтобы по отношению к вам испытывали теплые чувства to elicit to get information or a reaction from sb, often with difficulty | to draw forth (what is latent) | выявлять | делать вывод | выводить | вытянуть employee turn-around total number of workers who leave a company over a certain time period. Includes those who exit voluntarily as well as employees who are fired or laid off compelling that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting | so strong that you must do sth about it to reframe to change the way something is expressed or considered over the long haul over an extended period of time to get one up on somebody to get an advantage over someone, or to do something that shows you are better than them reciprocity situation in which two people, countries, etc. provide the same help or advantages to each other teething problems small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning black swan metaphor describing an event which is unanticipated (perhaps because it seemed impossible or because no-one had considered it before), but which has very far-reaching consequences fix (informal) solution to a problem, especially an easy or temporary one glitch (informal) small problem or fault that stops sth working successfully misnomer name or a word that is not appropriate or accurate to deem to have a particular opinion about sth | to consider versatility having a wide variety of skills overriding more important than anything else in a particular situation eagerness positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something giveaway something that makes you guess the real truth about sth/sb | демаскирующий признак to probe (into sth) to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about sb/sth | to touch, examine or look for sth, especially with a long thin instrument intensity strength of sth, for example light, that can be measured pitch how high or low a sound is, especially a musical note perfect pitch ability to identify or sing a musical note correctly without the help of an instrument pinnacle /ˈpɪnəkl/ top or most successful point to seal the deal to come to an agreement, to finalise the deal | to make an agreement official sting sharp often poisonous wounding organ of an insect, snake, etc to break even to attain a level at which there is neither gain nor loss, as in business return (~ on investment, R.O.I) amount of profit made on investment business angel investor who provides financial backing for small start-ups or entrepreneurs. Angel investors are usually found among an entrepreneur's family and friends and are essentially the exact opposite of a venture capitalist venture capitalist investor who either provides capital to start-up ventures or supports small companies that wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets infographic collection of imagery, data visualizations like pie charts and bar graphs, and minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand overview of a topic rapport /ræ'pɔ:r/ friendly relationship in which people understand each other very well projection estimate or statement of what figures, amounts, or events will be in the future, or what they were in the past, based on what is happening now to flick to move or make sth move with sudden quick movements to fidget to move restlessly, without stopping, nervously voice modulation manner of speaking in which the loudness or pitch or tone of the voice is modified to take charge to assume control lectern stand for holding a book in a church or chapel, esp. for a bible from which lessons are to be read | a similar stand for a lecturer shade ~ of sth different kind or level of opinion, feeling, etc rigid /'ridʒəd/ (often disapproving) (of rules, methods, etc.) very strict and difficult to change | stiff and difficult to move or bend mannerism way of speaking or moving that is typical of a person to broach to begin a discussion of something difficult to feature to include someone or something as an important part to sport to have or wear sth in a proud way so that everyone can see | to wear or be decorated with something to possess to have | владеть to lack not to have to address to deal with eventually finally | в конечном итоге state-of-the-art using the most modern or advanced techniques or methods | as good as it can be at the present time chore /tʃɔ:/ task that you do regularly | unpleasant or boring task sexy exciting and interesting flavour of the month popular to broach to begin a discussion of something difficult to feature to include someone or something as an important part to sport to have or wear sth in a proud way so that everyone can see | to wear or be decorated with something to possess to have | владеть to lack not to have to address to deal with eventually finally | в конечном итоге state-of-the-art using the most modern or advanced techniques or methods | as good as it can be at the present time jargon characteristic language of a particular group acronym word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name signposting post bearing a sign that gives directions or shows the way digression message that departs from the main subject reduced sentences clauses without a subject or sometimes even a verb used in the bullet points of a slide to emphasise to stress, single out as important quirky strikingly unconventional parkour freerunning | non competitive sport which involves running, jumping, climbing & other complicated techniques traceur man participating in parkour traceuse woman participating in parkour for peace's sake used to emphasize that it is important to do sth or when you are annoyed about sth ginormous /dʒʌɪˈnɔːməs/ (BrE, spoken) extremely large sluggish moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy entertaining interesting and amusing disheartening not to motivate or encourage distant not friendly | not wanting a close relationship with sb morale /mə:'æl/ amount of confidence and enthusiasm, etc. that a person or a group has at a particular time to the letter in every detail ashamed ~ (of sth/sb / yourself) | ~ (that ...) | ~ (to be sth) feeling shame or embarrassment about sb/sth or because of sth you have done to alienate /ˈeɪljəneɪt/ to make sb less friendly or sympathetic towards you | to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group front-runner competitor thought likely to win rapport /ræ'pɔ:r/ (with sb) | ~ (between A and B) a friendly relationship in which people understand each other very well tenacious that does not stop holding sth or give up sth easily | determined to overlook to fail to notice to carry out to execute, to perform labour law body of law that applies to matters such as employment, wages, conditions of work, labour unions, and labour-management relations to be thrown in at the deep end to be given a difficult job without preparation to groom sb (for / as sth) to prepare or train sb for an important job or position to call a spade a spade to call a person or thing a name that is true but not polite | speak bluntly | use the plainest language blue ocean strategy simultaneous pursuit of differentiation and low cost to open up a new market space and create new demand. It is about creating and capturing uncontested market space, thereby making the competition irrelevant. It is based on the view that market boundaries and industry structure are not a given and can be reconstructed by the actions and beliefs of industry players (src: https://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/what-is-blue-ocean-strategy/) to quench to satisfy (thirst) ounce unit for measuring weight, /16 of a pound, equal to 28.35 grams edge over the competition slight competitive advantage to stand out to look different | to distinguish oneself to reveal ~ sth (to sb) to make sth known to sb | to show sth that previously could not be seen to appeal to attract comprehensive including all or everything outstanding distinguished from others in excellence | of major significance or importance hand-out free document that gives information about an event or a matter of public interest, or that states the views of a political party, etc to stress to emphasise USP unique selling point to persuade to convince curiosity (about sth) | ~ (to do sth) strong desire to know about sth foul including rude words and swearing | offensive Pareto principle rule which states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. In other words, a small percentage of causes have an outsized effect unsociable not enjoying the company of other people | not friendly | unsocial hours (BrE) are those that are outside the normal working day to embrace (formal) to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc., especially when it is done with enthusiasm to dismantle to take apart a machine or structure so that it is in separate pieces | to end an organization or system gradually in an organized way to haggle (with sb) (over sth) to argue with sb in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of sth to liaise (with sb) (especially BrE) to work closely with sb and exchange information with them headcount act of counting the number of people who are at an event, employed by an organization, etc. | the number of people that have been counted in this way to align sth (with / to sth) to change sth slightly so that it is in the correct relationship to sth else to align yourself with sb/sth to publicly support an organization, a set of opinions or a person that you agree with concession (to make a ~) something that you allow or do, or allow sb to have, in order to end an argument or to make a situation less difficult hefty (of an amount of money) large | larger than usual or expected to make do to come to terms with | to use a poor substitute when one does not have the right thing to interfere (in sth) to get involved in and try to influence a situation that does not concern you, in a way that annoys other people mediator person or an organization that tries to get agreement between people or groups who disagree with each other unorganised having no organisation at all disorganised very bad at arranging or planning things impediment something that delays or stops the progress of sth | obstacle ambush act of hiding and waiting for sb and then making a surprise attack on them reminiscent of reminding you of sb/sth to recognise to express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for emotional intelligence ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict empowerment to give sb the power or authority to do sth consensus ~ (among sb) | ~ (about sth) | ~ (that ...) an opinion that all members of a group agree with consensual /kən'sensu:əl/ /kən'senʃu:əl/ which people in general agree with decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ very important for the final result of a particular situation | able to decide sth quickly and with confidence to groom sb (for / as sth) to prepare or train sb for an important job or position laid-back calm, and relaxed | seeming not to worry about anything cruel having a desire to cause pain and suffering | causing pain or suffering slaughterhouse /'slɔ:tə:,haus/ building where animals are killed for food extremist /ɪksˈtri:mɪst/ person who holds extreme or fanatical political or religious views and esp. resorts to or advocates extreme action strychnine /ˈstrɪkni:n/ /s'tri,knain/ poisonous substance used in very small amounts as a medicine scapegoat someone who is punished for the errors of others to give carte blanche to grant unconditional terms | unlimited authority to pre-empt to prevent sth from happening by taking action to stop it investigation official examination of the facts about a situation, crime, etc fatal /ˈfeɪtl/ causing or ending in death lead piece of information that may help to find out the truth or facts about a situation, especially a crime to clamp down to make a determined attempt to stop people doing sth bad wholeheartedly without reserve | without reservation Lindane chemical substance (C6H6Cl6) used as an agricultural insecticide residue /ˈrezɪdju:/ what is left over or remains | a remainder | the rest minute very small, tiny banning order decree that prohibits sth to allay /əˈleɪ / to diminish (fear, suspicion, etc.) | relieve or alleviate (pain, hunger, etc.) to quell crush or put down (a rebellion etc.) | reduce (rebels etc.) to submission | suppress (fear, anger, etc.) to quash /kwɔʃ/ to take action to stop sth from continuing | to annul | to reject as not valid, esp. by a legal procedure to dispel to force to go away | used both with concrete and metaphoric meanings | to dissipate | to disperse | to scatter over-the-counter without a prescription | needing no prescription to strangle at birth to stop sth as soon as it has begun trick question question that you do to deceive sb or to annoy sb as a joke tricky question question that is difficult to answer sound bite short comment that is taken from a longer conversation or speech and broadcast alone because it is more effective, very short speech, usually on radio or television to fork out to raise, or pitch with a fork | pay a lot of money for sth walking a tightrope doing sth dangerous to beat (sb) to do something before someone else does it insider trading illegal use of insider information for profit in financial trading legitimate lawful, proper, regular, conforming to the standard type | logically admissible alliteration occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words e.g. cool, calm, and collected to strangle at birth to stop sth as soon as it has begun trick question question that you do to deceive sb or to annoy sb as a joke tricky question question that is difficult to answer ERM enterprise risk management hazard risks fire, flood, theft, vandalism operational risks overheads exceed income, suppliers fail to deliver, staff problems... financial risks cash flow problems, bank refuses overdraft... strategic risks wrong marketing, poor product placement, competition... proactive controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than waiting to respond to it after it happens hazard source of danger | a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune to put it in a nutshell to sum up prominent important or well known | easily seen to mitigate make less severe or harsh shortfall amount by which something is less than expected or required compelling that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting detrimental (to) causing harm or injury to mitigate to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of to beleaguer /bɪˈli:ɡə/ to annoy persistently, pester, bug to withstand to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions, the use of force, etc to cover bases to do everything necessary to be sure that something is successful material to information or ideas for use in creating a book or other work | something that may impact the expected result to cite sth (as sth) to mention sth as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying to attribute sth to sth to say or believe that sth is the result of a particular thing human capital flight emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home brain drain migration of skilled personnel in search of better standards of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide organizational brain drain mass exodus of talented workers from a company, often because they sense instability, a lack of opportunity within the company, or they may feel that they can realize their career goals more easily at another company (source: investopedia.com) passing off unauthorised commercial use of a company's brand name, logo, etc ambush marketing masquerading masquerade /ˌmæskəˈreɪd/ false show or pretence to masquerade to appear in disguise, assume a false appearance cybersquatting registering a domain's name featuring another company's band name to cease to end to desist to cease to proceed or act reversal change or overthrowing, an official declaration that it is false to issue 'cease & desist' orders judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity to litigate make the subject of a lawsuit | to contest in law | to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and judicial debate in a court vulnerable that may be wounded or harmed | (foll. by to) exposed to damage by a weapon, criticism malicious intending or intended to do harm Barbara Streisand effect phenomenon that occurs when an attempt to hide, remove, or censor information has the unintended consequence of increasing awareness of that information, often via the Internet explicit /ɪksˈplɪsɪt/ clear and easy to understand implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ suggested without being directly expressed insolvent declared in law unable to pay debts on balance when all factors are taken into consideration tentative /ˈtentətɪv/ (of an arrangement, agreement, etc.) not definite or certain because you may want to change it later | done by way of trial, experimental | hesitant, not definite apologetic offering or expressing apology across the board including everyone or all, so that all are included | generally speaking assertive confident to deteriorate (into sth) to become worse in tatters ruined, demolished to beleaguer /bɪˈli:ɡə/ to annoy persistently, pester, bug to withstand to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions, the use of force, etc to tamper to meddle with or make unauthorized changes to scrap to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful conventional wisdom ideas or beliefs generally accepted as true vindicator person who argues to defend or justify some policy or institution inference reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgement on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation to be toast burnt, with no chances of recovering from the mistake Mother Goose (author) supposed author of a book of nursery rhymes first published as "Mother Goose's Melodies," and usually called simply "Mother Goose." The first English edition is said to have been printed in 1719 in London Mother Goose (book) traditional book of stories that every child reads Mother Goose rules traditional rules handed down from generation to generation without questioning Jesse Jackson United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination to stonewall to obstruct or hinder any discussion, engage in delaying tactics or refuse to cooperate pundit person who knows a lot about a particular subject and who often talks about it in public | an expert | a Hindu learned in Sanskrit and in the philosophy, religion, and jurisprudence of India to put lipstick on the pig to make something unpleasant look more attractive by artificial means to worship to love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess to repent (of sth) (formal) to feel and show that you are sorry for sth bad or wrong that you have done to grieve to cause to feel sorrow to be toppled to fall down, as if collapsing canard /kæˈnɑ:d/ (formal) a false report or piece of news to espouse (formal) to give your support to a belief, policy etc redemption act of delivering from sin or saving from evil, act of purchasing back something previously sold virtuous behaving in a very good and moral way to purport /ˈpə:pət/ to propose or intend messianic relating to a messiah promising deliverance to lionise to assign great social importance to to torpedo to make (a policy, institution, plan, etc.) ineffective or inoperative | destroy to be under siege /si:dʒ/ military operation in which an attacking force seeks to compel the surrender of a fortified place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies etc plaintiff person who brings an action in a court of law indictment /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ official statement accusing someone of committing a crime stalker /'stɔ:kə:/ person who follows and watches another person over a long period of time in a way that is annoying or frightening | person who follows an animal quietly and slowly, especially in order to kill or capture it whistle-blower person, usually an employee, who exposes information or activity within a private, public, or government organization that is deemed illegal, illicit, unsafe, fraud, or abuse of taxpayer funds to defeat to stop sth from being successful | to beat, to win against sb in a war, competition, sports game, etc to pay lip service to say that you support or agree with sth without doing anything to prove it to opine /əuˈpaɪn/ to hold or express as an opinion bizarre strange, odd confident sure of oneself outbreak sudden eruption of anger, war, disease, rebellion, etc in case because of a possibility of something happening, being needed, etc | in connection with someone or something, or in the situation of something | an in case-clause gives a reason while an if-clause describes a condition supposing that used to ask sb to pretend that sth is true or to imagine that sth will happen provided that (only) if - used to emphasise if | impose specific conditions or set limits on a situation | as long as, so long as, on condition that used to say what must happen or be done to make it possible for sth else to happen in case because of a possibility of something happening, being needed, etc | in connection with someone or something, or in the situation of something | an in case-clause gives a reason while an if-clause describes a condition supposing that used to ask sb to pretend that sth is true or to imagine that sth will happen provided that (only) if - used to emphasise if | impose specific conditions or set limits on a situation | as long as, so long as, on condition that used to say what must happen or be done to make it possible for sth else to happen to escort sb from to accompany to patrol to walk or travel around an area, esp. at regular intervals, in order to protect or supervise it squad section of a police force that deals with a particular type of crime | group of players or competitors from which a team is chosen for a particular game or match to close off to isolate or separate premises building and land near to it that a business owns or uses disruption act of delaying or interrupting the continuity riverbank ground along either side of a river allegation (of sth) (against sb) | ~ (that ...) | ~ (about sb/sth) public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing sb of doing sth that is wrong or illegal fire extinguisher metal container with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires agile able to think quickly and in an intelligent way | able to move quickly and easily to accuse ~ sb (of sth) to say that sb has done sth wrong or is guilty of sth to reassure /ˌriːəˈʃɔːr/ to comfort someone and stop them from worrying to dispatch ~ sb/sth (to ...) (formal) to send sb/sth somewhere, especially for a special purpose to blow up to break or destroy or to be destroyed by explosion circumstance conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action faulty not perfect | not working or made correctly teething problems small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning black swan metaphor describing an event which is unanticipated (perhaps because it seemed impossible or because no-one had considered it before), but which has very far-reaching consequences fix (informal) solution to a problem, especially an easy or temporary one glitch (informal) small problem or fault that stops sth working successfully