to make hard calls	to take difficult decisions
to exude	to display (an emotion etc.) freely or abundantly | to emit | to ooze out 
cautionary tale	genre of story that is told to warn the audience of a specific danger. Cautionary tales are written to teach a lesson or a general moral issue, normally to young children
to cut the mustard	to come up to expectations | reach the required standard 
decency	honest, polite behaviour that follows accepted moral standards and shows respect for others
to plunge	to move or make sb/sth move suddenly forwards and/or downwards | (of prices, temperatures, etc.) to decrease suddenly and quickly
to evolve (from sth) (into sth)	to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form | to develop sth in this way
mistrust	feeling that you cannot trust sb/sth
candid	saying what you think openly and honestly | not hiding your thoughts
inclusion	fact of including sb/sth | the fact of being included
inclusive	not excluding any of the parties or groups involved in something 
to have someone's best interests at heart	to genuinely care about someone's well-being and prioritise their needs and desires
100-yard dash	track and field sprint event of 100 yards (91.44 metres). It was part of the Commonwealth Games until 1970, and was included in the triathlon of the Olympics in 1904. It is not generally used in international events, replaced by the 100-metre sprint (109.36 yards). However, it is still occasionally run in the United States in certain competitions 
giver	someone who tends to provide support, help, or resources to others. Givers often prioritize the needs of others and find fulfilment in being generous and nurturing. They may feel a sense of purpose in helping others and may derive joy from acts of kindness 
to call the shots	to take the initiative in deciding how something should be done
compassionate	feeling or showing sympathy for people who are suffering
nurturing	helping sb/sth to develop and be successful | having a feeling, an idea, a plan, etc. for a long time and encourage it to develop | care, encouragement and support given to sb/sth while they are growing
to sneak a peek	to take the opportunity to have a quick look at something such as a film before it is officially available
typo	(informal) a small mistake in a typed or printed text
to raise concern	to express or bring attention to worries, doubts, or objections regarding a specific issue, situation, or decision
nevertheless	in spite of sth that you have just mentioned
to indicate	to show that sth is true or exists | to be a sign of sth | to show that sth is possible or likely | to mention sth (to sb), especially in an indirect way | to point to | to make sb notice sb/sth, especially by pointing or moving your head | to give information | to represent information without using words | to give information in writing
redundant	not needed or useful | (of a person) without a job because there is no more work available for you in a company, to be made redundant from your job 
sensitive	(to sth) aware of and able to understand other people and their feelings | able to understand art, music and literature and to express yourself through them | easily upset or easily offended | that you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make them angry | reacting quickly or more than usual to sth
frustration (at / with sth)	feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want | having no effect | not being satisfied | unable to be successful in a particular career
to put oil on the smouldering fire	to refer to something which makes existing anger, conflict, emotion, etc., more intense


hedging	avoiding giving a direct answer to a question or promising to support a particular idea, etc

fierce	(especially of people or animals) angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening | (especially of actions or emotions) showing strong feelings or a lot of activity, often in a way that is violent
tidy profit	(informal) large amount of money
to go for	to accept | to give an affirmative reply to | to respond favourably to
zip lining	act of sliding down a zip line (long thick wire attached between two points, one higher than the other, that you can move along quickly while hanging from a small wheel), as entertainment or as a way of travelling above and across something
caterer	person or company whose job is to provide food and drinks at a business meeting or for a special occasion such as a wedding

to pinpoint	to find and show the exact position of sb/sth or the exact time that sth happened | to be able to give the exact reason for sth or to describe sth exactly
convenience	quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb | something that is useful and can make things easier or quicker to do, or more comfortable
canteen	(especially BrE) place where food and drink are served in a factory, a school, etc | small container used by soldiers, travellers, etc. for carrying water or other liquid
appealing	attractive or interesting
expectation	belief that sth will happen because it is likely
in-depth	very thorough and detailed
primary research	gathering data that has not been collected before. Methods to collect it can include interviews, surveys, observations or any type of research that you go out and collect yourself
desk research | secondary research	research method that involves compiling existing data sourced from a variety of channels. This includes internal sources (e.g.in-house research) or, more commonly, external sources (such as government statistics, organisational bodies, and the internet)
focus group	small group of people, specially chosen to represent different social classes, etc., who are asked to discuss and give their opinions about a particular subject. The information obtained is used by people doing market research, for example about new products or for a political party
quantitative	connected with the amount or number of sth rather than with how good it is
qualitative	connected with how good sth is, rather than with how much of it there is
respondent	person who answers questions, especially in a survey
gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/	instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth
viable	that can be done | that will be successful
sample size	number of people used by researchers to get the information they need

bad-tempered	often angry | in an angry mood
absent-minded	tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking about what is around you, but about sth else
tight-fisted	not willing to spend or give much money | mean, stingy
swollen	(of a part of the body) larger than normal, especially as a result of a disease or an injury
bandage	strip of fabric used for tying around a part of the body that has been hurt in order to protect or support it
to bandage sth (up)	to wrap a bandage around a part of the body in order to protect it because it is injured
to faint	to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc
vulnerable	weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
long-haul	involving the transport of goods or passengers over long distances
implication	consequence | последствие
to be bothered (about sb/sth) (especially BrE)	to think that sb/sth is important
in mint condition	in brand-new condition, almost new, unworn | в отличном состоянии
to shrink	to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot | to make clothes, fabric, etc. smaller in this way | усаживаться (о ткани) | усесть
to sew /'səu/	to fasten, join, etc., by making stitches with a needle and thread or a sewing-machine | to make a garment etc by sewing
to bleach /bli:tʃ/	to make sth white or pale by a chemical process or by the effect of sunlight | to become white or pale in this way 
bleach	хлорная известь | белизна
crease	untidy line that is made in fabric or paper when it is pressed or crushed | отутюженная складка на брюках
to get over	to recover
blazer	jacket, not worn with matching trousers, often showing the colours or badge of a club, school, team, etc
chinos /ˈtʃiːnoʊ/	informal trousers made from strong woven cotton
to carry something off	to succeed in doing or achieving something difficult
wardrobe /ˈwɔ:drəub/	large movable or built-in cupboard with rails, shelves, hooks, etc., for storing clothes | person's entire stock of clothes
see-through	(of fabric) very thin so that you can see through it
polo-neck | turtleneck	sweater or jersey with a high close-fitting collar
trainers (BrE) | sneaker (AmEn)	shoes that you wear for sports or as a piece of informal clothing
patterned	(with sth) decorated with a pattern
checked	having a pattern of squares, usually of two colours
plain	not decorated or complicated | simple
Hawaiian /hə'waiən/	of or relating to Hawaii or its people or language
hoodie | hoody	type of sweatshirt with a hood that, when worn up, covers most of the head and neck, and sometimes the face
linen	fabric made from flax, used to make high quality clothes, sheets, etc
flax	threads from the stem of the flax plant, used to make linen
fabric	material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture
suede /'sweid/	soft leather with a surface like VELVET on one side, used especially for making clothes and shoes
Lycra	elastic polyurethane fibre or fabric used esp. for close-fitting sports clothing
cardigan	knitted woollen jacket, usually with no collar and fastened with buttons at the front
denim	strong cotton fabric that is usually blue and is used for making clothes, especially jeans
waistcoat	short piece of clothing with buttons down the front but no sleeves, usually worn over a shirt and under a jacket, often forming part of a man's suit
bow tie /boʊ tai/	man's tie that ties in a bow
neat	(of people) liking to keep things tidy and in order | looking tidy or doing things in a tidy way | small, with a pleasing shape or appearance | simple but clever
caries | dental ~ | tooth decay	decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone
anaesthetic	drug that makes a person or an animal unable to feel anything, especially pain, either in the whole body or in a part of the body (to be under an ~)
anaesthesia /ˌænɪsˈθi:zjə/	use of anaesthetic during medical operations
mink	small wild animal with thick shiny fur, a long body and short legs. Mink are often kept on farms for their fur | skin and shiny brown fur of the mink, used for making expensive coats, etc e.g. a mink jacket | coat or jacket made of mink
Dutch	of, relating to, or associated with the Netherlands
cuisine /kwi:ˈzi:n/	style or method of cooking, esp. of a particular country or establishment
the deaf	people who cannot hear
generous (with sth)	giving or willing to give freely | given freely
Braille /'breil/	system of printing for blind people in which the letters of the alphabet and the numbers are printed as raised dots that can be read by touching them
magnificent	extremely attractive and impressive | deserving praise
leather	material made by removing the hair or fur from animal skins and preserving the skins using special processes | кожа
glamorous /'glæmə:əs/	especially attractive and exciting, and different from ordinary things or people
entrepreneur /ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:/	person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks
to cheer sb up	to give someone a feeling of happiness
to click	to become friends with sb at once
to hit it off	to have a good friendly relationship with sb
to persuade /pəˈsweɪd/	to convince
to counsel	to listen to and give support or professional advice to sb who needs help | to advise sb to do sth
ignorant (of / about sth)	lacking knowledge or information about sth | not educated
to take sides	to express support for someone in a disagreement
couldn't care less	used to say, often rudely, that you do not think that sb/sth is important or worth worrying about
to look up to sb	to admire or respect sb
cyberchondriac	person who compulsively searches the internet for information about symptoms of illness 
open-heart surgery	medical operation on the heart, during which the patient's blood is kept flowing by a machine
chest	top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomach
consolation	person or thing that makes you feel better when you are unhappy or disappointed
ECG	abbreviation for 'electrocardiogram' (a medical test that measures and records electrical activity of the heart)
miracle cure	successful treatment for an illness that was thought impossible to cure
under the weather	in bad health or low spirits
scare stories	exaggerated reports in the news that make people worry
remedy	way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situation | treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious
life-threatening	sth which could kill you
ulcer /ˈʌlsə/	sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance
liver	large organ in the body that produces bile and cleans the blood
bile /'bail/	greenish brown liquid with a bitter unpleasant taste that is produced by the liver to help the body to deal with fats, and that comes into your mouth when you vomit with an empty stomach
hyphen	mark ( - ) used to join two words together to make a new one, as in back-up, or to show that a word has been divided between the end of one line and the beginning of the next
tumour (benign | malignant ~)	mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body where they should not, usually causing medical problems
pain in the neck	something or someone that causes trouble | source of unhappiness
supplement /ˈsʌplɪmənt/	thing that is added to sth else to improve or complete it
vitamin / dietary supplements	vitamins and other foods eaten in addition to what you usually eat
syringe /sə:'indʒ/	plastic or glass tube with a long hollow needle that is used for putting drugs, etc. into a person's body or for taking a small amount of blood from a person | шприц
seizure (epileptic ~)	sudden attack of apoplexy etc., a stroke
stretcher	framework of two poles with canvas etc. between, for carrying sick, injured, or dead persons in a lying position
to trip over sth	to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall
paramedic	person whose job is to help people who are sick or injured, but who is not a doctor or a nurse
scruffy	untidy or dirty | грязный | неаккуратный | неухоженный
damp	slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant
to sprain	to injure a joint in your body, especially your wrist or ankle, by suddenly twisting it
to pinch	to take a piece of sb's skin between your thumb and first finger and squeeze hard, especially to hurt the person
bandage	strip of fabric used for tying around a part of the body that has been hurt in order to protect or support it
to bandage sth (up)	to wrap a bandage around a part of the body in order to protect it because it is injured
to choke (on sth)	to be unable to breathe because the passage to your lungs is blocked or you cannot get enough air | to make sb unable to breathe | (with sth) to be unable to speak normally especially because of strong emotion | to make sb feel too emotional to speak normally
lukewarm	slightly warm
rash	area of red spots on a person's skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to sth
swollen	(of a part of the body) larger than normal, especially as a result of a disease or an injury
sore	if a part of your body is sore, it is painful, and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much
diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/	illness in which waste matter is emptied from the bowels much more frequently than normal, and in liquid form
to faint	to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc
blister	swelling on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid and is caused, for example, by rubbing or burning
flu (influenza)	infectious disease like a very bad cold, that causes fever, pains and weakness 
dizzy	feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance
consciousness	state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening
antihistamine /,ænti:'histəmən/	competes with histamine at one of the three types of histamine receptors, preventing allergic attacks (see allergy) or inflammation. Some antihistamines also prevent motion sickness and vertigo. Drowsiness is a frequent side effect
prawn	any of various marine crustaceans, resembling a shrimp but usu. larger
to pass out	to faint
to come round	to become conscious again
to get over	to recover
to come down with flu	to be 
to throw up	to vomit, to be sick
heartburn /ˈhɑ:tbə:n/	burning sensation in the chest resulting from indigestion
to gargle /ˈɡɑ:ɡl/	to wash (one's mouth and throat), esp. for medicinal purposes, with a liquid kept in motion by breathing through it | промывать | сплюнуть
stitch	short piece of thread, etc. that doctors use to sew the edges of a wound together
to commence	to begin to happen | to begin sth
to announce	to tell people sth officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc | HELP NOTE  You cannot 'announce somebody something' → you announce sth to sb | you announce that
to exaggerate	to make sth seem longer, better, worse or more important than it really is
essential (to / for sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that ...)	completely necessary | extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity | vital
outright	later complete and total | in a direct way and without trying to hide anything | clearly and completely
aware of	knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing
to pad sth out	to exaggerate, to embellish, make look better by adding details | раздувать (штаты и т. п.)
emphatic	used to give emphasis
salary banding	level of pay given for certain jobs within a company
blazer	jacket, not worn with matching trousers/pants, often showing the colours or badge of a club, school, team, etc
diabetic	having or connected with diabetes
to rummage	to move things around carelessly while searching for sth
well-balanced	sensible and emotionally in control
strong-willed	determined to do what you want to do, even if other people advise you not to
big-headed	having a very high opinion of how important and clever you are
good-tempered	cheerful and not easily made angry
bad-tempered	often angry | in an angry mood
laid-back	calm, and relaxed | seeming not to worry about anything
absent-minded	tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking about what is around you, but about sth else
narrow-minded	(disapproving) not willing to listen to new ideas or to the opinions of others
tight-fisted	not willing to spend or give much money | mean, stingy
two-faced	not sincere | not acting in a way that supports what you say that you believe | saying different things to different people about a particular subject | hypocritical

to scour (for sb/sth)	to search a place or thing thoroughly in order to find sb/sth
amateur /ˈæmətə:/	person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment or interest, not as a job
to baffle	to confuse sb completely | to be too difficult or strange for sb to understand or explain
sea serpent	large marine animal of unknown nature, often reported to have been seen at sea, but never yet captured
uninhabited	with no people living there
trace	mark, an object or a sign that shows that sb/sth existed or was present
psychic	person who has strange mental powers and is be able to do things that are not possible according to natural laws, e.g. contacting the dead
faith healer	person who uses prayers and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice
weird /wɪəd/	unusual or different | not normal


innocent	not having done sth wrong | not guilty
good-natured	kind, friendly and patient when dealing with people
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪətɪ/ (about / over sth)	state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen
rivalry /ˈraɪvəlrɪ/ (with sb/sth) (for sth) | ~ (between A and B) (for sth)	state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same thing
exaggeration /i,gzædʒə:'eiʃən/	statement or description that makes sth seem larger, better, worse or more important than it really is
light-hearted	intended to be amusing or easily enjoyable rather than too serious | cheerful and without problems
foolproof	(of a plan, machine, method, etc.) very well designed and easy to use so that it cannot fail and you cannot use it wrongly
geek	(slang, especially AmE) person who is boring, who wears clothes that are not fashionable, etc
gut-feeling	instinctive reaction
BRITs	British annual pop music awards
embarrassing	making you feel shy, awkward or ashamed
indiscreet	not careful about what you say or do, especially when this embarrasses or offends sb
innocent	not guilty of a crime, etc. | not having done sth wrong | not harmful
treasured /'treʒə:d/	characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for | cherished, precious
self-centred	(disapproving) tending to think only about yourself and not thinking about the needs or feelings of other people
guilty pleasure	something, such as a film, a television program, a piece of music, or an activity that one enjoys despite understanding that it is not generally held in high regard or is seen as unusual or weird
rumour /ˈru:mə/	piece of information, or a story, that people talk about, but that may not be true
paternalistic	(especially of people in authority) kind, helpful and generous but sometimes intrusive, making decisions for others and telling them what to do
profound	very great | felt or experienced very strongly
agile	able to think quickly and in an intelligent way | able to move quickly and easily
to sacrifice	to give up sth important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important
to refine	to improve sth by making small changes to it
to ditch	to get rid of sth/sb because you no longer want or need it/them
chore /tʃɔ:/	task that you do regularly | unpleasant or boring task
apathy /ˈæpəθɪ/	feeling of not being interested in or enthusiastic about anything
accountability	responsibility to someone or for some activity
to hinder ~ sb/sth (from sth / from doing sth)	to make it difficult for sb to do sth or sth to happen
fellow	(informal, becoming old-fashioned) a way of referring to a man or boy
asset-stripping	(usually disapproving) practice of buying a company which is in financial difficulties at a low price and then selling everything that it owns in order to make a profit
to endorse	to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action | to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it
foodie	someone who is enthusiastic and passionate about food, enjoying exploring different cuisines, restaurants, cooking techniques, and ingredients
condiment	substance such as salt or pepper that is used to give flavour to food
Adjika	Georgian spicy, subtly flavoured sauce or dip, often used to flavour food
gluten	sticky substance that is a mixture of two proteins and is left when starch is removed from flour, especially wheat flour
Halal	(of meat) from an animal that has been killed according to Muslim law
oregano	plant with leaves that have a sweet smell and are used in cooking as a herb
raffle	way of making money for a particular project or organization. People buy tickets with numbers on them and some of these numbers are later chosen to win prizes
courier /ˈkurɪə/	person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere
booth	small tent or temporary structure at a market, an exhibition or a fairground, where you can buy things, get information or watch sth
integrity	quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
allegation (of sth) (against sb) | ~ (that ...) | ~ (about sb/sth)	public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing sb of doing sth that is wrong or illegal

rural	connected with or like the countryside, opposite of urban
greedy (for sth)	wanting more money, power, food, etc. than you really need
welfare	general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group
livestock	animals kept on a farm, for example cows or sheep
to pride yourself on sth / on doing sth	to be proud of sth
to backfire (on sb)	to have the opposite effect to the one intended, with bad or dangerous results
teething	small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning
beehive /ˈbi:haɪv/	artificial habitation for bees
to adhere /ədˈhɪə/ (to sth)	to stick firmly to sth
deep water (in ~)	serious trouble or difficulty
follow-up	action or a thing that continues sth that has already started or comes after sth similar that was done earlier | second (or subsequent) action to increase the effectiveness of an initial action
appraisal	judgement of the value, performance or nature of sb/sth
union representative	person representing an organization of workers, usually in a particular industry, that exists to protect their interests, improve conditions of work, etc
to plummet	to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position
hubris	fact of sb being too proud | Hubris /ˈhjuːbrɪs/ - from Ancient Greek 'pride, insolence, outrage', describes a personality quality of extreme or excessive pride or dangerous overconfidence and complacency, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance
arbitrary /ˈɑ:bɪtrərɪ/	(of an action, a decision, a rule, etc.) not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair
disruption	delaying or interrupting the continuity, causing disorder
brave	willing to do things which are difficult, dangerous or painful | not afraid
to embrace	to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc., especially when it is done with enthusiasm | to include
effective	adequate to accomplish a purpose | producing the intended or expected result
efficient	performing or functioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time and effort
primary sector	raw materials
secondary sector	manufacturing | encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction | this sector generally takes the output of the primary sector (i.e. raw materials like metals, wood) and creates finished goods suitable for sale to domestic businesses or consumers and for export (via distribution through the tertiary sector)
tertiary sector	services
quaternary sector	information services
quinary /ˈkwaɪnərɪ/ sector	human services
to outgun	to surpass in military or other power or strength
caterer	person or company whose job is to provide food and drinks at a business meeting or for a special occasion such as a wedding
buoyant	(of prices, business activity, etc.) tending to increase or stay at a high level, usually showing financial success
tech-savvy	practical knowledge or understanding of technology
track record	all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or an organization
competitive edge	attribute / advantage that allows an organization to outperform its competitors
exit strategy	pre-planned means of extricating oneself from a situation that is likely to become difficult or unpleasant
equity	any of three separate but related values: 1. the money value of a property or of an interest in a property in excess of claims or liens against it | 2. a risk interest or ownership right in property | 3. the common stock of a corporation
Aesop's Fables | the Aesopica	collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and storyteller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 564 BCE. Of varied and unclear origins, the stories associated with his name have descended to modern times through a number of sources and continue to be reinterpreted in different verbal registers and in popular as well as artistic media
golden goose (from Aesop's Fables)	goose that laid eggs of gold every day. The farmer had bought the goose in the hope of selling eggs along with vegetables in the market but the goose laid golden eggs. As the eggs were made of gold they were sold at a high price and it helped the farmer to become rich (https://www.lizstoryplanet.com/moral-stories-kids-contentment/goose-laid-golden-eggs/)
asset-stripping	(usually disapproving) practice of buying a company which is in financial difficulties at a low price and then selling everything that it owns in order to make a profit
couch potato	(informal, disapproving) person who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television
to span	to include a large area or a lot of things
USP	unique selling point
to defuse	to stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation from developing, especially by making people less angry or nervous
reciprocity	situation in which two people, countries, etc. provide the same help or advantages to each other
to rectify	to put right sth that is wrong, to correct
maturity	quality of thinking and behaving in a sensible, adult manner
sticky	(informal) difficult or unpleasant
superficial	of or on the surface of sth | (often disapproving) not studying or looking at sth thoroughly | seeing only what is obvious | appearing to be true, real or important until you look at it more carefully
Lewis model	born in an era of rampant globalisation of business, is particularly appropriate for assessing an individual’s likely performance in a commercial role. The design of the questionnaire is based on business situations. The nomenclature of the typologies is succinct: Linear-active, Multi-active, Reactive. While the three types are distinctive, each possesses behavioural elements from the other two categories. It is a question of which one is dominant. Many individuals deviate from the national type in a work situation e.g. engineers and accountants tend to be Linear, sales people Multi-active, lawyers and doctors Reactive
linear-active culture	culture where you may want to be concise, precise, and factual, avoid interruptions and distractions, and follow a clear agenda and timeline
multi-active culture	culture where you may want to be friendly, enthusiastic, and empathetic, allow for some flexibility and improvisation, and use stories and examples to illustrate your points
reactive culture	culture where you may want to be polite, respectful, and humble, listen attentively and patiently, and use indirect and subtle cues to convey your messages
FMCG | CPG	fast-moving consumer goods, also known as consumer packaged goods (CPG), products sold quickly and at a relatively low cost
fintech	portmanteau of "financial technology", refers to firms using new technology to compete with traditional financial methods in the delivery of financial services. Artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and big data are regarded as the "ABCD" of fintech.
to approach	to speak to sb about sth, especially to ask them for sth or to offer to do sth
SME	small and medium-sized enterprises
to envisage	to imagine what will happen in the future
fringe benefits	extra things that an employer gives you as well as your wages
to undertake	to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it
body of sth	large amount or mass of something, especially something that has been collected, e.g. body of knowledge/evidence/opinion
reference	letter written by sb who knows you, giving information about your character and abilities, especially to a new employer
to leverage	to influence people and get the results you want

rapport /ræˈpɔ:/	friendly relationship in which people understand each other very well
nepotism	giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power, especially by giving them jobs
Lewis model	born in an era of rampant globalisation of business, is particularly appropriate for assessing an individual’s likely performance in a commercial role. The design of the questionnaire is based on business situations. The nomenclature of the typologies is succinct: Linear-active, Multi-active, Reactive. While the three types are distinctive, each possesses behavioural elements from the other two categories. It is a question of which one is dominant. Many individuals deviate from the national type in a work situation e.g. engineers and accountants tend to be Linear, sales people Multi-active, lawyers and doctors Reactive
linear-active culture	culture where you may want to be concise, precise, and factual, avoid interruptions and distractions, and follow a clear agenda and timeline
multi-active culture	culture where you may want to be friendly, enthusiastic, and empathetic, allow for some flexibility and improvisation, and use stories and examples to illustrate your points
reactive culture	culture where you may want to be polite, respectful, and humble, listen attentively and patiently, and use indirect and subtle cues to convey your messages
retention	action of keeping sth rather than losing it or stopping it
Millennials	also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and early Gen Xers | millennials are often the parents of Generation Alpha
inherent to sth	existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute
to quote	to repeat the words that someone else has said or written:
to occur	to happen
to discount	to think or say that sth is not important or not true | to take an amount of money off the usual cost of sth
to expand (on a topic)	to talk more | to add details to what you are saying | to elaborate
to build on	to be based on | to rest on | of theories and claims, for example
to shadow sb	to be with sb who is doing a particular job, so that you can learn about it
to approach	to speak to sb about sth, especially to ask them for sth or to offer to do sth
to make up one's mind	to decide
counselling	professional advice about a problem
scythe /saið/	tool with a long handle and a slightly curved blade, used for cutting long grass and corn | коса
sickle	tool with a curved blade and a short handle, used for cutting grass or corn
hammer and sickle	tools representing the people who work in industry and farming, used on the flag of the former Soviet Union and as a symbol of Communism

disruptive	causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally
upheaval /ʌpˈhi:vəl/	big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems
better-off	being in a more prosperous, fortunate condition
to weigh up sth (up) | ~ (up) sth (against sth)	to consider sth carefully before making a decision
apprehensive of / about	worried or frightened that sth unpleasant may happen
to cope with	to deal successfully with sth difficult | to manage
to bring about	to result in
folding bike	bicycle designed to fold into a compact form, facilitating transport and storage. When folded, the bikes can be more easily carried into buildings, on public transportation (facilitating mixed-mode commuting and bicycle commuting), and more easily stored in compact living quarters or aboard a car, boat or plane
unforeseen	that you did not expect to happen | unexpected
to arise	 (especially of a problem or a difficult situation) to happen | to start to exist | to occur
to acknowledge	to accept that sth is true | to recognise
to go the extra mile	to make a special, extra effort to achieve sth
ASAP	as soon as possible
COB	by (the) close of business - end of the working day or the business day, especially on a financial market
EOP	by (the) end of play - end of the working day or the business day, especially on a financial market
timeliness	being at the right time
coveted	greatly desired
to tease	to harass someone playfully or maliciously (especially by ridicule) | to provoke someone with persistent annoyances
to elicit	to draw forth (what is latent) | to get information or a reaction from sb, often with difficulty 
aside	remark, often made in a low voice, which is not intended to be heard by everyone present
giveaway	something that makes you guess the real truth about sth/sb
Minto Pyramid Principle (aka the McKinsey’s Pyramid Principle)	tool used to process and structure large amounts of information to convey a story, message or presentation without omitting important details. The principle of the McKinsey Pyramid is to cut to the chase in written texts or presentations. This ensures that the audience’s attention is captured and that a riveting story can be created that’s easy to remember and understand (src: https://www.toolshero.com/communication-skills/minto-pyramid-principle/)
overtime	time that you spend working at your job after you have worked the normal hours
now and then	from time to time
at the latest	no later than the time mentioned
to put in many hours	to work hard
overwhelmed	experiencing such a strong emotional effect that it is difficult to resist or know how to react
to put off	to postpone
worlds away	completely different from (something)
Fordism	industrial engineering and manufacturing system that serves as the basis of modern social and labour-economic systems that support industrialized, standardized mass production (nothing is handmade, but everything is made through machines and moulds by unskilled workers) and mass consumption


pitch	talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do sth
to think out loud	to say what you are thinking 
to come to light	to be revealed or disclosed
sparring partner	someone you have friendly arguments with | person you practise boxing with
to halve	to divide by two
hot desking	work office organization system where each space is available for any worker, rather than reserved for a specific worker, so different workers may use the same spot along the day or week. The "desk" in the name refers to a table or other work space being shared by multiple workers on different shifts as opposed to every staff member having their own personal desk. A primary motivation for hot-desking is cost reduction through space savings—up to 30% in some cases
stalemate	situation in a dispute or competition in which neither side is able to win or make any progress
trump card	something that gives you an advantage over other people, especially when they do not know what it is and you are able to use it to surprise them
white lie	harmless or small lie, especially one that you tell to avoid hurting sb
It's your call!	it's your decision
hedging	way of avoiding giving a direct answer or opinion
to jeopardise	to put in danger
dairy	made from milk
sustainability	social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time | development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
triple bottom line | TBL | 3BL	accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological) and economic. Some organizations have adopted the TBL framework to evaluate their performance in a broader perspective to create greater business value. Includes 3 Ps (profits, people, planet)
Zoomers	generation Z, demographic cohort succeeding Millennials and preceding Generation Alpha
fast fashion	business model of replicating recent catwalk trends and high-fashion designs, mass-producing them at a low cost, and bringing them to retail quickly while demand is at its highest. Its environmental impact has also been the subject of controversy
sweatshop	factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions
to settle	to make a place your permanent home | to make yourself or sb else comfortable in a new position
to fall behind with	to make less progress than others in a competition | to get late
to keep up	to continue
aptitude	natural ability or skill at doing sth - aptitude is a natural talent, whereas 'ability' is knowledge or expertise held in a specific area
to exhibit	to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling, quality or ability
to think out	to consider carefully and rationally | to plan
thoroughly	precisely, exhaustively
oversight	fact of making a mistake because you forget to do sth or you do not notice sth
technical debt	in software development, or any other IT field (e.g. Infrastructure, Networking, etc.) technical debt (also known as design debt or code debt) is the implied cost of future reworking required when choosing an easy but limited solution instead of a better approach that could take more time
to wrap up	to sum up
the big picture	overall perspective | whole picture | entire perspective | most important facts
to take on board	to understand or accept an idea or a piece of information
to appreciate	to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth | to understand or realize that sth is true
culprit	someone who has done something wrong
lesson learnt	experience distilled from past activities that should be actively taken into account in future actions and behaviours | to decide not to do something again because it has caused you problems in the past
to pull the plug	to prevent from happening or continuing
to confront sb with sb/sth	to make sb face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation
to stand up for	to defend against attack or criticism
to stand your ground	to refuse to change your opinion or give in to an argument:
incentive	something that encourages you to do sth
intrinsic	inherent, essential | belonging naturally (intrinsic value)
Herzberg 2-factor theory	motivators will fail if hygiene factors are not satisfactory
hygiene factor	feature of a job that will make a worker unhappy if it is not provided, for example fair pay or comfortable working conditions: Hygiene factors are those which are necessary for people to work, not those that actually motivate people to work harder
however	used to introduce a statement that contrasts with sth that has just been said, although | и тем не менее 
although	conjunction used to mean 'but' or 'however' when you are commenting on a statement | хотя 
though	conjunction used to mean 'but' or 'however' when you are commenting on a statement | хотя 
according to	following or agreeing with sth | согласно (чему-л.) | соответственно
in order to	so that | для того чтобы
taking into account	considering all aspects | учитывая
whereas	used to compare or contrast two facts | несмотря на то, что - тогда как
therefore	so, as a result | поэтому, следовательно
to appraise	to consider or examine sb/sth and form an opinion about them or it | to make a formal judgement about the value of a person's work, usually after a discussion with them about it
appraisal	judgement of the value, performance or nature of sb/sth

to talk sb through	to discuss all the details of something, often before making a decision | to help (someone) understand or do something by explaining its steps in a careful way
to go over	to repeat
mature	more experienced | adult
capital expenditure	money that a company spends on land, buildings, and equipment that it uses to produce products and provide services
to repay	to pay back or to reward someone or something
to refund	to pay an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with a product or service that you have bought
setback	difficulty or problem that delays or prevents sth, or makes a situation worse
to turn things around	to improve significantly | go from bad to good
redundancy	situation when sb has to leave their job because there is no more work available for them
EBIT	earnings before interest and taxes
doomscrolling	activity of spending a lot of time looking at your phone or computer and reading bad or negative news stories, even though that news is saddening. Practice of obsessively checking online news for updates, especially on social media feeds, with the expectation that the news will be bad, such that the feeling of dread from this negative expectation fuels a compulsion to continue looking for updates in a self-perpetuating cycle. Experts warn that doomscrolling can be harmful to your mental health
doom	death or destruction | any terrible event that you cannot avoid
to beat about the bush	to talk a lot, but avoid directly addressing the most important point
to forecast	to say what you think will happen in the future based on information that you have now | to predict
to be due to	to be expected to
insolvent	not having enough money to pay what you owe | bankrupt
to recede	(especially of a problem, feeling or quality) to become gradually weaker or smaller
bottom line	most important thing that you have to consider or accept | the essential point in a discussion, etc | amount of money that is a profit or a loss after everything has been calculated
to make up ground	to spend more time doing something that one previously neglected to do | to move faster in order to come closer to someone or something ahead
to make your mark	to have an important or permanent effect on sth
savings	money that you have saved, especially in a bank, etc
to bank with | at	to have an account with a particular bank
stock market | exchange	business of buying and selling shares in companies and the place where this happens
recession	difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed | movement backwards of sth from a previous position
severe	extremely bad or serious
severity /si'verəti:/	quality or state of being severe
to bail out	to loan or give capital to an entity that is in danger of failing | черпак (для вычёрпывания воды из лодки)
credit crunch	state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers and interest rates are high | liquidity crisis
Black Tuesday (29.10.1929)	Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash or the Crash of '29, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It began in September, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) collapsed, and ended in mid-November. The pivotal role of the 1920s' high-flying bull market and the subsequent catastrophic collapse of the NYSE in late 1929 is often highlighted in explanations of the causes of the worldwide Great Depression
crash	sudden serious fall in the price or value of sth | the occasion when a business, etc. fails
loan	money that an organization such as a bank lends and sb borrows
mortgage	legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years | the sum of money that you borrow
bond	agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent
to kick off	to start (a meeting)
to e-mail round	to send an e-mails to all particicpants (to keep them in the loop)
vital	very important
to cover for sb	to do sb's work or duties while they are away
to hog (~ the floor)	to take much more than a fair share of something, especially by eating too much | to speak too much
to ensure	to make sure, to guarantee
scrum	agile team collaboration framework commonly used in software development and other industries. Scrum prescribes for teams to break work into goals to be completed within time-boxed iterations, called sprints. Each sprint is no longer than one month and commonly lasts two weeks. The scrum team assesses progress in time-boxed, stand-up meetings of up to 15 minutes, called daily scrums. Scrum's approach to product development involves bringing decision-making authority to an operational level.[3] Unlike a sequential approach to product development, scrum is an iterative and incremental framework for product development.[4] Scrum allows for continuous feedback and flexibility, requiring teams to self-organize by encouraging physical co-location or close online collaboration, and mandating frequent communication among all team members. The flexible and semi-unplanned approach of scrum is based in part on the notion of requirements volatility, that stakeholders will change their requirements as the project evolves
to pick up on	to add or continue a thought or initiative that was started by someone else
to know something like the back of your hand	to have very good and detailed knowledge of something
to take over (as job title)	to take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities
functional training	used in one job or department, usually task oriented, with short term goals
cross-functional collaboration	process where individuals from different departments in an organization with different areas of expertise come together to achieve a common goal. This collaboration could be organic or project-based (src: https://www.bigcommerce.com/ecommerce-answers/what-is-cross-functional-collaboration/)
blended learning	when training & development courses are delivered on-line and face to face
on boarding	process of introducing sb to a new job, skill, organization, etc. | a ceremony at which this takes place
induction training	process of introducing sb to a new job, skill, organization, etc. | a ceremony at which this takes place
mentoring	experienced person who advises and helps sb with less experience over a period of time
blended learning	on-line and face-to-face training
up-skilling	teaching (an employee) additional skills
to drive	to force sb/sth to move in a particular direction | to force sb to act in a particular way | to make sb very angry, crazy, etc. or to make them do sth extreme
mentee	person who is advised, trained, or counselled by a mentor
to benchmarking	to evaluate (something) by comparison with a standard.
emotional intelligence	capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically
empathy	ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person's situation
to comprise	to consist of 
skills set	person's range of skills or abilities
rapport	friendly relationship in which people understand each other very well
time off	time period when you are not required to work
providing	used to say what must happen or be done to make it possible for sth else to happen | provided, if
to talk (sb) through	to discuss something thoroughly  
in dire straits	in a very bad situation that is difficult to fix
walks of life	various levels of social position or achievement
proactive behaviour	involves acting in advance of a future situation, rather than reacting. It refers to taking control of a situation and making early changes, rather than adjusting to a situation or waiting for something to happen
learning curve	rate at which you learn a new subject or a new skill | the process of learning from the mistakes you make
to boast	to talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can do
heated	(of a person or discussion) full of anger and excitement
to gain	to obtain
track record	all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or an organization
self-seeking	(disapproving) interested only in your own needs and interests rather than thinking about the needs of other people
heated	(of a person or discussion) full of anger and excitement
retention	action of keeping sth rather than losing it or stopping it
menial	(usually disapproving) (of work) not skilled or important, and often boring or badly paid
sabbatical	period of time when sb, especially a teacher at a university, is allowed to stop their normal work in order to study or travel
to pay off	to yield a profit or result
humane /hju:ˈmeɪn/	showing kindness towards people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary
Millennials	also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and early Gen Xers | millennials are often the parents of Generation Alpha
organisational behaviour	how people in an organisation work together & how this affects the organisation as a whole


damn	swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc
bloody	swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement
stunned silence	silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak
RP (received pronunciation)	approved pronunciation of British English | originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain) | until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting
to converse	to have a conversation with sb
slur	unfair remark about sb/sth that may damage other people's opinion of them
supremacy	position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else
Negro	(old-fashioned, often offensive) member of a race of people with dark skin who originally came from Africa
swastika /ˈswɔstɪkə/	ancient symbol in the form of a cross with its ends bent at an angle of 90 degrees, used in the 20th century as the symbol of the German Nazi party
subjugation	forced submission to control by others | oppression
micro insult	variety of subtle snubs, conveying a hidden insult to the recipient. Perpetrators are usually unaware they are speaking from bias
micro invalidation	communications that negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or  experiential reality of a person of colour
snub	action or a comment that is deliberately rude in order to show sb that you do not like or respect them
gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/	instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth
to mock	to laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do
to ridicule	to make sb/sth look silly by laughing at them or it in an unkind way
to elicit	to draw forth, make evident (what is latent)
LGBTQ+	lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (or queer) - In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for marginalized sexualities and gender identities
hobby horse	(sometimes disapproving) subject that sb feels strongly about and likes to talk about
slapstick	type of humour that is based on simple actions, for example people hitting each other, falling down, etc
double entendre	word or phrase that can be understood in two different ways, one of which usually refers to sex
political correctness	(sometimes disapproving) the principle of avoiding language and behaviour that may offend particular groups of people
politically correct	term used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offence or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society. Since the late 1980s, the term has been used to describe a preference for inclusive language and avoidance of language or behaviour that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting to groups of people disadvantaged or discriminated against, particularly groups defined by ethnicity, sex, gender, or sexual orientation. In public discourse and the media, the term is generally used as a pejorative with an implication that these policies are excessive or unwarranted
person of colour	primarily used to describe any person who is not considered "white". In its current meaning, the term originated in, and is primarily associated with, the United States | however, since the 2010s, it has been adopted elsewhere in the Anglosphere (often as person of colour), including relatively limited usage in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, South Africa, and Singapore (src: Wikipedia)
blackface	practice of non-Black performers using burnt cork or theatrical make-up to portray a caricature of Black people on stage or in entertainment
minstrel	entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. It originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool | later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments
blackface minstrelsy	indigenous American theatrical form that constituted a subgenre of the minstrel show. Intended as comic entertainment, blackface minstrelsy was performed by a group of white minstrels (travelling musicians) with black-painted faces, whose material caricatured the singing and dancing of slaves. The form reached the pinnacle of its popularity between 1850 and 1870, when it enjoyed sizeable audiences in both the United States and Britain. Although blackface minstrelsy gradually disappeared from the professional theatres and became purely a vehicle for amateurs, its influence endured in later entertainment genres and media, including vaudeville theatre, radio and television programs, and the world-music and motion-picture industries of the 20th and 21st centuries (src: https://www.britannica.com/art/blackface-minstrelsy)
gossamer	something super fine and delicate — like a spider web or the material of a wedding veil. The original gossamer, from which these meanings come from, is the fine, filmy substance spiders excrete to weave their webs. A dress can be gossamer-like, if its fabric is so sheer as to be see-through, or almost
sexism	unfair treatment of people, especially women, because of their sex
shortism	unfair treatment of people who are short (i.e. not tall)
ableism | disablism (British English) | anapirophobia | anapirism | disability discrimination	discrimination and social prejudice against people with physical or mental disabilities. Ableism characterizes people as they are defined by their disabilities and it also classifies disabled people as people who are inferior to non-disabled people. On this basis, people are assigned or denied certain perceived abilities, skills, or character orientations
queerphobic	LGBT erasure (also known as queer erasure) refers to the tendency to remove lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, asexual and queer groups or people (i.e. the LGBT community) intentionally or unintentionally from record, or to dismiss or downplay their significance
follicle	one of the very small holes in the skin which hair grows from
euphemism	word or phrase that replaces part of a sentence which is considered offensive or taboo – i.e. that cannot be talked about in “polite” conversation, e.g. 'to spend a penny' means 'to go to the toilet'

to be snowed under	to be given so much of something that it cannot be taken care of | to be weighed down by so much of something that you cannot do anything about it
positional negotiation	negotiation strategy that involves holding on to a fixed idea, or position, of what you want and arguing for it and it alone, regardless of any underlying interests. The classic example of positional bargaining is the haggling that takes place between proprietor and customer over the price of an item. The customer has a maximum amount she will pay and the proprietor will only sell something over a certain minimum amount. Each side starts with an extreme position, which in this case is a monetary value, and proceeds from there to negotiate and make concessions. Eventually a compromise may be reached (src: https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/positional_bargaining)
principled negotiation	interest-based approach to negotiation that focusses primarily on conflict management and conflict resolution. Principled negotiation uses an integrative approach to finding a mutually shared outcome | focuses on the interests that are underlying the goals and help create value for all the parties


providing (~ that)	if
on condition (~ that)	if, provided that
unless	if not
as long as	(only) if
to hog	to take much more than a fair share of something, especially by eating too much
conversion (in digital marketing)	number of sales generated in relation to the number of visits to a website
funnel (marketing | sales ~)	device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening | especially in e-commerce (= the business of selling things on the internet), the process that a customer goes through from first hearing about a product, for example through an internet search or advertisement, to buying the product, with a smaller number of customers at each stage of the process
digital immigrant	person born or brought up before the widespread use of digital technology
digital native	person who has grown up in the information age. The term "digital native" was coined by Marc Prensky, an American writer, speaker and technologist who wrote several articles referencing this subject. This term specifically applied to the generation that grew up in the "digital age," predominantly regarding individuals born after the year 1980. Often grouped into Millennials, and Generation Z, these individuals can consume digital information and stimuli quickly and comfortably through electronic devices and platforms such as computers, mobile phones, and social media
digital nomad	people who travel freely while working remotely using technology and the internet. Such people generally have minimal material possessions and work remotely in temporary housing, hotels, cafes, public libraries, co-working spaces, or recreational vehicles, using Wi-Fi, smartphones or mobile hotspots to access the Internet
disruptive	causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally
semantic time	targeting users in the right context also means engaging them at the right time and moment, some interactions make sense during a user’s morning routine, others will have higher relevance over lunch or during the evening. 
data mining	process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns and relationships that can help solve business problems through data analysis. Data mining techniques and tools enable enterprises to predict future trends and make more-informed business decisions
to launch	to start, begin
fragrance	perfume
packaging	materials used to wrap or protect goods that are sold in shops/stores
to appeal (to sb)	to attract or interest sb
slightly	a little
earner	person who earns money for a job that they do
to stand out	to look different
carefree	having no worries or responsibilities
to branch out	to find a new market to reach new clients
rebel	a person or thing that resists authority or control
to expand	to become greater in size, number or importance | if a business expands or is expanded, new branches are opened, it makes more money, etc
income	revenue
proportion	part or share of a whole
relatively /ˈrelətɪvlɪ/	to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to others
advantage	thing that helps you to be better or more successful than other people
endorsement	statement made in an advertisement, usually by sb famous or important, saying that they use and like a particular product
self-esteem	a good opinion of oneself
lush	beautiful and making you feel pleasure | seeming expensive
monochronic	culture which schedules one event at a time in an orderly fashion
polychronic	culture where employees can work on several tasks simultaneously. Individuals thrive on carrying out more than one task at the same time as long as they can be executed together with a natural rhythm
Lewis model	born in an era of rampant globalisation of business, is particularly appropriate for assessing an individual’s likely performance in a commercial role. The design of the questionnaire is based on business situations. The nomenclature of the typologies is succinct: Linear-active, Multi-active, Reactive. While the three types are distinctive, each possesses behavioural elements from the other two categories. It is a question of which one is dominant. Many individuals deviate from the national type in a work situation e.g. engineers and accountants tend to be Linear, sales people Multi-active, lawyers and doctors Reactive
linear-active culture	culture where you may want to be concise, precise, and factual, avoid interruptions and distractions, and follow a clear agenda and timeline
multi-active culture	culture where you may want to be friendly, enthusiastic, and empathetic, allow for some flexibility and improvisation, and use stories and examples to illustrate your points
reactive culture	culture where you may want to be polite, respectful, and humble, listen attentively and patiently, and use indirect and subtle cues to convey your messages
loquacious	talkative
officialdom	people who are in positions of authority in large organizations when they seem to be more interested in following rules than in being helpful
to stand out	to look different
endorsement	sanction, support, or approval
self-esteem	a good opinion of oneself
to branch out	to find a new market to reach new clients
rebel	a person or thing that resists authority or control
rival	person, company, or thing that competes with another in sport, business, etc
aspiration	strong desire to have or do sth
4 Ps	price, promotion, product, placement
4 Cs	customer solution, cost, convenience, communication
coherency	logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts
flea market	outdoor market that sells second-hand (= old or used) goods at low prices
grim	 looking or sounding very serious | unpleasant and depressing
blame	responsibility for a bad result
to come up with	to invent, find a solution to a problem
to seduce	to persuade sb to do sth that they would not usually agree to do by making it seem very attractive
to aspire	to have the ambition, strong desire
to stand for	to express indirectly by an image, form, or model | to be a symbol
to bully	to be bossy towards, discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner, to intimidate
to deter (from)	to discourage or prevent
holy war	flame-war on Usenet/BBSes/Forums/IRC/etc. between two or more people that neither party can win. Resembles a war between countries over whose deity is better
knowledgeable	well-informed, knowing a lot
to pat	to touch sb/sth gently several times with your hand flat, especially as a sign of affection
off-guard	not prepared | not watching for possible danger | not alert
vulnerable	weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
corporate | technical | industry fellow (in either Science or Engineering)	most senior rank or title one can achieve in a scientific or engineering career, though fellows often also hold business titles such as Vice President or Chief Technology Officer
to groom	to prepare or train sb for an important job or position
intentional	highly educated | having extensive information or understanding | knowledgeable | deliberate
empathetic	showing an understanding of and trying to enter into another's feelings
mentorship	patronage, influence, guidance, or direction given by a mentor
mentor	someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often younger person. In an organizational setting, a mentor influences the personal and professional growth of a mentee. Most traditional mentorships involve having senior employees mentor more junior employees, but mentors do not necessarily have to be more senior than the people they mentor. What matters is that mentors have experience that others can learn from
mentee	person who is given help and advice by a more experienced and often older person
to ignite	to (cause to) start burning or explode
esoteric	very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge
role model	person that you admire and try to copy
willing	ready or pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded | done or given in an enthusiastic way

to stand out	to look different
tough	hard, difficult
to quibble (about / over)	to argue over petty things
USP	unique selling point
franchisee	person or company that has been given a franchise
franchising	practice of the right to use a firm's successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time
BOGOF	buy one get one free
fusion cuisine	cuisine that combines elements of different culinary traditions. Cuisines of this type are not categorized according to any one particular cuisine style and have played a part in innovations of many contemporary restaurant cuisines since the 1970s | Foods based on one culture, but prepared using ingredients and flavours inherent to another culture
dine in	being eaten in a restaurant, opposite of take-away
consumer society	society in which the buying and selling of goods and services is the most important social and economic activity
morbid	having or expressing a strong interest in sad or unpleasant things, especially disease or death
memorable	special, good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to remember
to convey	to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb | to communicate
sanitation	equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste
to differ	to be different
to empower	to give sb the power or authority to do sth
to disguise sb (as sb/sth)	to change your appearance so that people cannot recognize you
posh	elegant and expensive | (sometimes disapproving) typical of or used by people who belong to a high social class
square meal	substantial and nourishing meal
stodgy	heavy and making you feel very full
tablecloth	cloth that you use for covering a table, especially when you have a meal
distinctive	of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing
bland	lacking taste or flavour or tang
subtle	evasive or mysterious | hard to grasp
flirtatious	behaving in a way that shows a sexual attraction to sb that is not serious 
attentive	helpful | making sure that people have what they need
intrusive	too noticeable, direct, etc. in a way that is disturbing or annoying
à la carte	if food in a restaurant is a la carte, or if you eat a la carte, you choose from a list of dishes that have separate prices, rather than having a complete meal at a fixed price 
set menu	menu where multi-course meals with only a few choices are charged at a fixed total price
to rescind /rɪˈsɪnd/	(formal) to officially state that a law, contract, decision, etc. is no longer valid
to revoke	(formal) to officially cancel sth so that it is no longer valid
to terminate	(formal) to end | to make sth end
to break the ice	to make people who have not met before feel more relaxed with each other
WRIST	world restaurant international sign technique (of course, this is a joke)
bustling	full of people moving about in a busy way
to dash	to go somewhere very quickly
pepper mill	mill for grinding pepper
to grind sth (down / up) ~ sth (to / into sth)	to break or crush sth into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using a special machine
loosely	not tightly
profuse	a lot
convincing	that makes sb believe that sth is true | убедительный
to bulge	to stick out from sth in a round shape
archaic /ɔr'keiik/	old and no longer used
nutrition	process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy
carbohydrates	foods such as bread, potatoes and rice that provide the body with energy and heat
sporty	practising sports regularly
stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/	physical or mental strength that enables you to do sth difficult for long periods of time
to burn off (calories)	to burn completely | be consumed
to go for a brisk walk	quick stroll
to feel out of shape	not to feel fit
to work out	to do sports or other physical activities in order to stay healthy or become stronger
to do exercise	to do sports or other physical activities in order to stay healthy or become stronger | to make an animal do this 
to work out at the gym	to exercise
gear	equipment
sole	bottom surface of the foot or shoe
urge	strong desire
treadmill /ˈtredmɪl/	exercise machine that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while remaining in the same place
love handles	informal term for deposits of excess fat at the side of one's waistline
washboard abs / stomach	paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen
hospice	hospital for people who are dying
consortium	group of people, countries, companies, etc. who are working together on a particular project
GDP	gross domestic product
foreign direct investment (FDI)	refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building). In other words, it is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business, in real estate or in productive assets such as factories in one country by an entity based in another country.[1] It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment or foreign indirect investment by a notion of direct control
to hold out	wait uncompromisingly for something desirable
to call a spade a spade	call a person or thing a name that is true but not polite | speak bluntly | use the plainest language
KISS principle	keep it short & simple
cunning	marked by skill in deception, showing inventiveness and skill
to fuel	to increase sth | to make sth stronger | to make a bad situation worse
to loan	to lend sth to sb, especially money
MEDC	more economically developed country
LEDC	less economically developed country
p.a	per annum, per year
GDP	gross domestic product
disastrous	catastrophic
to halve	divide into two halves or parts
to argue	to exchange views or opinions, especially heatedly or contentiously
sustainable	which can be maintained without endangering future generations
to deplete	to reduce in numbers or quantity, to empty
to endanger	to threaten
facilities	equipment, or the resources for doing something
to oppose	to set oneself against, resist, argue against
species /'spi:ʃi:z/	(n - pl the same) class of things having some common characteristics
logging /ˈlɔɡɪŋ/	work of cutting down trees for timber
upstream	supply of items for production
downstream	supply of finished products to consumers
to campaign	an organized course of action for a particular purpose, esp. to arouse public interest
to erode	to gradually destroy sth or make it weaker over a period of time | to be destroyed or made weaker in this way
to plummet	to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position
to plunge	to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position
brand equity	value of a particular brand for the company that makes it:
attitude	confident, sometimes aggressive behaviour that shows you do not care about other people's opinions and that you want to do things in an individual way
baby-boomer	member of the baby boom generation in the 1950s-1964
to captivate	to keep sb's close attention by being extremely interesting, attractive, etc
acquisition	company, piece of land, etc. bought by sb, especially another company | the act of doing so
to turn off	to cause to feel intense dislike or distaste | to put off
to draw in	to attract, appeal
to rejuvenate	to make sb/sth look or feel younger or more lively
SWOT analysis	strategic planning technique used to help a person or organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to business competition or project planning
undisputed	that cannot be questioned or proved to be false
apparel	(especially AmE) clothing, when it is being sold in shops/stores
crucial	vital
turnoff	demotivating factor
to galvanise	to stimulate to action | to shock into finding a solution
to soar	to rise quickly
tough /tʌf/	demanding that particular rules be obeyed and showing a lack of sympathy for any problems or suffering that this may cause
brash	confident in an aggressive way | (of things and places) too bright or too noisy in a way that is not attractive
to take on	to accept as a challenge | to take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities
to take a chance	to take a risk in the hope of a favourable outcome
feverish /'fi:və:,iʃ/	showing strong feelings of excitement or worry, often with a lot of activity or quick movements
open leave policy	when employees take as many days off as they want as long as they get their work done. This kind of thing can work well for salaried employees in a performance-driven environment. Open paid time off is not just about changing a company's written vacation policy | it's a cultural change
to appoint	to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
upswing	situation in which sth improves or increases over a period of time
precedent	official action or decision that has happened in the past and that is seen as an example or a rule to be followed in a similar situation later |

refuge /'refyu:dʒ/	shelter or protection from danger, trouble, etc
to emerge	to come out of a dark, enclosed or hidden place
 injury to part of the body, especially one in which a hole is made in the skin using a weapon
defeat	opposite of victory
to strangle	to kill sb by squeezing or pressing on their throat and neck
dismissal	act of firing sb
constructive	having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose
harassment	comments about sex, physical contact, etc. usually happening at work, that a person finds annoying and offensive
comeback	sb or sth that becomes popular and fashionable or successful again
upswing	situation in which sth improves or increases over a period of time
scarce /'skers/	when there is not enough of sth and it is only available in small quantities
disastrous /,di'zæstrəs/	very bad, harmful or unsuccessful
to survey	to look carefully at the whole of sth, especially in order to get a general impression of it
fragile /'frædʒəl/	weak and uncertain | easily destroyed or spoilt | easily broken or damaged | delicate and often beautiful
to sack	to fire, dismiss
to exercise sth over sb	to use your power, rights or personal qualities in order to achieve sth
mature	behaving in a sensible way, like an adult
to loathe	to hate
outing	occasion when a competitor takes part in a competition
gripping	exciting or interesting in a way that keeps your attention
insanity	actions that are very stupid and possibly dangerous
slum	area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad condition
illiterate	not knowing how to read or write
to torture	to hurt sb physically or mentally in order to punish them or make them tell you sth
hard-hitting	not afraid to talk about or criticize sb/sth in an honest and very direct way
draining	exhausting, making you feel very tired and empty
glitter	bright light consisting of many little flashes | attractive, exciting qualities that sb/sth, especially a rich and famous person or place, seems to have
to praise	to express your approval or admiration for sb/sth
sensitively	showing ability to understand art, music and literature and expressing yourself through them
gripping	exciting or interesting in a way that keeps your attention
electrifying	very exciting
predictable	(often disapproving) behaving or happening in a way that you would expect and therefore boring
dull	not interesting or exciting
fast-paced	of communication that proceeds rapidly
touching	causing feelings of pity or sympathy | making you feel emotional
moving	causing you to have deep feelings of sadness or sympathy
poignant /'pɔinyənt/	having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that makes you feel sad
chilling	frightening, usually because it is connected with sth violent or cruel
creepy	causing an unpleasant feeling of fear or slight horror
horrific	extremely bad and shocking or frightening
to befriend /bɪˈfrend/	to become a friend of sb, especially sb who has just arrived in a place or who needs your help
to giggle at / about sb/sth	to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous
restraint	quality of behaving calmly and with control
invasion	act or a process that affects sb/sth in a way that is not welcome
prompt	done without delay | immediate
to resolve	to find a satisfactory solution to a problem or difficulty
with regard to	in connection with | from the standpoint of | concerning | regarding | about
enclosed	sent with a letter, etc
to pursue	to continue to discuss, find out about or be involved in sth
burglar alarm	electronic device, often fixed to a wall, that rings a loud bell if sb tries to enter a building by force
to go off	to be activated
in good faith	intention to be honest and helpful | принцип добросовестности
CCTV	closed circuit television
street level cameras	surveillance cameras placed in the street
law-abiding	obeying and respecting the law
deterrent /dɪˈterənt/	thing that makes sb less likely to do sth
to be accountable for	to be responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked
to blur	to make out of focus
mugging	crime of attacking sb violently, or threatening to do so, in order to steal their money, especially in a public place
petty	small and unimportant
to snitch on sb to sb	(informal, disapproving) to tell a parent, teacher, etc. about sth wrong that another child has done
sneak	доносительница 
spare part	kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use | extra
to acknowledge	to accept that sth is true
to lack	not to have
to blame ~ sb/sth (for sth) | ~ sth on sb/sth	to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad
to be expected	to be demanded that sb will do sth because it is their duty or responsibility
Tyrolean traverse	method of crossing through free space between two high points on a rope without a hanging cart or cart equivalent. This is used in a range of mountaineering activities: rock climbing, technical tree climbing, caving, water crossings, mountain rescue, and treetop adventure course, aka treetop course, aka high ropes course
faculty	body of teachers and administrators at a school
venue	location of an event
captive market	markets where the potential consumers face a severely limited amount of competitive suppliers. Their only choices are to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all. Captive markets result in higher prices and less diversity for consumers. The term therefore applies to any market where there is a monopoly or oligopoly
incentive	a motive or incitement, esp. to action
extramural	taught or conducted off the premises of a university, college, or school | arranged by a university, college, etc. for people who only study part-time (e.g. extramural education / studies / departments)
downsizing	reduction of expenditures in order to become financially stable
streamlining	to make a system, an organization, etc. work better, especially in a way that saves money
to come along	to come into being or existence, or appear on the scene e.g. Then the computer came along and changed our lives | to arrive or become available
to come a long way	to show much improvement | to make great progress
turnkey	(especially of computer systems) complete and ready to use immediately
SaaS	Software as a Service
to troubleshoot	to solve problems
to fork	to divide into two parts that lead in different directions
marginally	in a minimal degree
infinitely	continuing forever without end
to keep someone in the loop on sth	to keep sb informed about updates
to keep sb posted	in the loop
to fill sb in on sth	to give sb details on sth
to expect	to regard something as probable or likely
fallacy	mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument
to run an errand	any specific task, usually of a routine nature, requiring some form of travel, usually locally. Is often on behalf of someone else, but sometimes for one's own purposes
to cram	crowd or pack to capacity
overhaul	act of improving by renewing and restoring
to pour	to flow quickly in a continuous stream | to provide a large amount of money for sth
slick	done or made in a way that is clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere or lacks important ideas
breather	short pause for rest or to relax
dash	sth done quickly
to mess up	to make a mess of, destroy or ruin
hot-desking	practice in an office of giving desks to workers when they are required, rather than giving each worker their own desk
marginally	in a minimal degree
infinitely	continuing forever without end
to be better off	to be in a better condition 
patch	short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program
plug-in	software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program. When a program supports plug-ins, it enables customization. The common examples are the plug-ins used in web browsers to add new features such as search-engines
tough	(of a person) physically strong and likely to be violent | жёсткий
to come up with	to invent, to offer, to produce on demand


failure	antonym of success
(high) achiever	person with a record of successes
networking	trying to meet and talk to other people who may be useful to you in your work
determined	when you have made a firm decision to do sth and you will not let anyone prevent you
shortlist	small number of candidates for a job, etc., who have been chosen from all the people who applied (to draw a -)
runner up	person or team that finishes second in a race or competition | a person or team that has not finished first but that wins a prize
to reveal	to make sth known to sb
obvious	easy to see or understand
tuition	act of teaching sth, especially to one person or to people in small groups
day off	day on which you do not have to work
confidentiality clause | non-disclosure agreement	legally binding contract where an individual or enterprise guarantees to deal with particular data as a commercial secret and guarantees to not disclose such information to others without correct authorization
to demote	to move sb to a lower position or rank, often as a punishment
CFO	chief financial officer
financial regulator	organisation which can work in different departments to ensure financial service companies are compliant with the law and financial regulations. Regulators also provide information to consumers to protect them from improper practices
to testify	to speak seriously about something, especially in a law court, or to give or provide proof | to show something or prove that something is true
whistle-blower	person who informs people in authority or the public that the company they work for is doing sth wrong or illegal
alert (to sth)	aware of sth, especially a problem or danger | able to think quickly | quick to notice things
deterrent /dɪˈterənt/	thing that makes sb less likely to do sth
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (a.k.a SOX)	legislation in the US that banned audit companies from carrying out certain consulting and legal services, as well as restricting tax consulting
to deviate (from sth)	to be different from sth | to do sth differently from what is usual or expected
to claim	to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it
to maintain	to keep stating that sth is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it
to warn (sb) (of sth) | ~ (sb) (about / against sb/sth)	to tell sb about sth, especially sth dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen, so that they can avoid it
to push the envelope (or the edge of the envelope)	to approach or extend the limits of what is possible
to hit the ground running	to start something and proceed at a fast pace with great enthusiasm
to think big	to be ambitious
to lower (or raise or lift) the bar	to lower (or raise) the standards which need to be met in order to qualify for something
to put a stake in the ground	to take the first step | to make a big move to get something started
to push the peanut	to have a race in which peanuts are pushed around the room with lead pencils or walking sticks. Someone's pushing peanut from one place to another with their nose (for instance) is treated as a ridiculous act in news stories from the early 1900s
too many cooks spoil the broth	(saying) if too many people are involved in doing sth, it will not be done well

to retain	to keep
household name	name that has become very well known
account manager	someone in a company who takes care of particular clients
to downgrade  sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)	to move sb/sth down to a lower rank or level
to reassess	to think again about sth to decide if you need to change your opinion of it
goodwill	good relationship between a business and its customers that is calculated as part of its value when it is sold
goodwill gesture	small token to show appreciation, say sorry or show gratitude towards a customer or employee
to delight	to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment
to quibble about / over sth	to argue or complain about a small matter or an unimportant detail


leisure	time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
martial	connected with fighting or war
to put / to lay one's cards on the table	to let someone know your position and interest openly | deal honestly | act without trickery or secrets
treadmill	exercise machine that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while remaining in the same place
chain	group of shops/stores or hotels owned by the same company
to bug	to annoy or irritate sb
flair ~ for sth	a natural ability to do sth well
to liaise (with sb) (especially BrE)	to work closely with sb and exchange information with them
outstanding	extremely good | excellent
to flock	to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers
leisure	time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
to appeal	to attract, to interest
sun deck	part of a ship where passengers can sit to enjoy the sun, or a similar area beside a restaurant or swimming pool
to liaise (with sb) (especially BrE)	to work closely with sb and exchange information with them
outstanding	extremely good | excellent
runner-up	person or team that finishes second in a race or competition | a person or team that has not finished first but that wins a prize
consignment	quantity of goods that are sent or delivered somewhere
to the letter	in every detail
ashamed ~ (of sth/sb / yourself) | ~ (that ...) | ~ (to be sth)	feeling shame or embarrassment about sb/sth or because of sth you have done
to alienate /ˈeɪljəneɪt/	to make sb less friendly or sympathetic towards you | to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group
front-runner	competitor thought likely to win
rapport /ræ'pɔ:r/ (with sb) | ~ (between A and B)	a friendly relationship in which people understand each other very well
tenacious	that does not stop holding sth or give up sth easily | determined
to overlook	to fail to notice
to carry out	to execute, to perform
disheartening	not to motivate or encourage
distant	not friendly | not wanting a close relationship with sb
morale /mə:'æl/	amount of confidence and enthusiasm, etc. that a person or a group has at a particular time
labour law	body of law that applies to matters such as employment, wages, conditions of work, labour unions, and labour-management relations
to be thrown in at the deep end	to be given a difficult job without preparation
to groom sb (for / as sth)	to prepare or train sb for an important job or position
to call a spade a spade	to call a person or thing a name that is true but not polite | speak bluntly | use the plainest language
at stake	at risk, in question or at issue
off one's chest	told to someone and so not bothering you any more | not making you feel worried or upset, because you have talked about it
furtive /'fə:tiv/	(disapproving) behaving in a way that shows that you want to keep sth secret and do not want to be noticed
to dare	to have the courage to do sth
compelled	forced to
to turn a blind eye to	to refuse to acknowledge | not to take into consideration | to pretend not to see sth | to ignore
to come to your senses	to think clearly | behave as usual or as you should | act sensibly | to become conscious again | wake up
to fix up ~ a meeting)	to make arrangements for
to withdraw ~ sth (from sth)	to stop giving or offering sth to sb
to live up to	to satisfy | meet the requirements or expectations of
to suffer	~ (from sth) | ~ (for sth) to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc | to experience sth unpleasant, such as injury, defeat or loss
to cure ~ sb (of sth)	to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness
to withhold	to refuse to give sth to sb
reluctant ~ (to do sth)	 hesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do
severe	extremely bad or serious
to kill two birds with one stone	to succeed in doing two things by only one action
confessional	(of speech or writing) in which a person reveals private thoughts or admits to past incidents, especially ones about which they feel ashamed or embarrassed
to divulge /di'vəldʒ/	to make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret 
to give away	to reveal a secret
to blurt out	to divulge a secret | to say sth suddenly and without thinking carefully enough
innermost	being deepest within the self
to spill the beans	to tell a secret to someone who is not supposed to know about it
to let the cat out of the bag	to divulge
to give the game away	to disclose a secret deliberately
to stay / keep schtum	to remain silent, or say nothing (probably derives from the German word stumm meaning silent)
to make up	to come to terms, to reconcile
at the drop of a hat	without waiting | immediately | promptly | whenever you have a chance
Pareto principle	rule which states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. In other words, a small percentage of causes have an outsized effect
performance appraisal	meeting in which an employee discusses his or her progress, aims, and needs at work with his or her manager or employer
bruise	blue, brown or purple mark that appears on the skin after sb has fallen, been hit, etc | кровоподтёк | синяк
pick	very good choice
easy on the eye	easy or pleasant to look at
to swindle ~ sb (out of sth) | ~ sth (out of sb)	to cheat sb in order to get sth, especially money, from them
to borrow ~ (sth) (from sb/sth)	to take money from a person or bank and agree to pay it back to them at a later time 
to lend ~ sth (to sb) | ~ (sb) sth	(of a bank or financial institution) to give money to sb on condition that they pay it back over a period of time and pay interest on it
guarantor	(formal or law) a person who agrees to be responsible for sb or for making sure that sth happens or is done
collateral	(finance) property or sth valuable that you promise to give to sb if you cannot pay back money that you borrow
sports betting /ˈbetɪŋ/	activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome
people watching | crowd watching	act of observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge. It involves picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story. This includes speech in action, relationship interactions, body language, expressions, clothing and activities. Eavesdropping may accompany the activity, though is not required. It is a casual activity, used for relaxation or inspiration for characters or characters' mannerisms in their own creative works. It should also not be confused with street photography | while the street photographer necessarily does people-watching, they do so for the purpose of taking photographs of the people for art and documentary purposes
involved	taking part in sth | being part of sth or connected with sth
to hold a sale	to sell sth cheaply
foot in the door technique	to start small and increase the size of your requests
owing to	because of
following (+ noun phrase)	as a result of
to bring about	to result in 
to give rise to	to result in
to put it in a nutshell	to sum up
with a view to (+ gerund)	in order to
however	used to introduce a statement that contrasts with sth that has just been said | but
yet	in spite of what has just been said
in spite of (+ noun phrase)	although
despite (+ noun phrase)	although
nevertheless	in spite of sth that you have just mentioned
nonetheless	in spite of this fact
having said that	despite what has just been said
whereas	used to compare or contrast two facts | in contrast or comparison with the fact that | although | in spite of the fact that
while	although | in spite of the fact that
bearing in mind	remembering and considering something when making a decision or before taking action
to catch up with	to make up work that was missed due to absence at a later point
gossip	informal talk or stories about other people's private lives, that may be unkind or not true
DINKS	double income, no kids
to outweigh	to be greater or more important than sth
to sort out	to arrange or order by classes or categories
owing to	because of
following (+ noun phrase)	as a result of
to bring about	to result in 
to give rise to	to result in
to put it in a nutshell	to sum up
with a view to (+ gerund)	in order to
however	used to introduce a statement that contrasts with sth that has just been said | but
yet	in spite of what has just been said
in spite of (+ noun phrase)	although
despite (+ noun phrase)	although
nevertheless	in spite of sth that you have just mentioned
nonetheless	in spite of this fact
having said that	despite what has just been said
whereas	used to compare or contrast two facts | in contrast or comparison with the fact that | although | in spite of the fact that
while	although | in spite of the fact that
bearing in mind	remembering and considering something when making a decision or before taking action
to recap (on sth) | ~ sth	to repeat or give a summary of what has already been said, decided, etc
themed /'θi:md/	(of an event or a place of entertainment) designed to reflect a particular subject or period of history
distraction	thing that takes your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about
contestant	person who takes part in a contest or competition
apprentice	young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job
intern	advanced student of medicine, whose training is nearly finished and who is working in a hospital to get further practical experience | student or new graduate who is getting practical experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday
heavy heart	feeling of being weighed down with sorrow | unhappiness
ravishing	extremely beautiful, gorgeous | обаятельный
caretaker	person whose job is to take care of a building such as a school or a block of flats or an apartment building
modelling	work of a fashion model
winemaker	someone who makes wine
restaurant critic	person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of restaurants
to put on weight	to increase one's body weight
willing	ready or pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded | done or given in an enthusiastic way
crew	people working on a ship, plane, etc
countdown	action of counting seconds backwards to zero, for example before a spacecraft is launched
to blast off	to begin ascending from the ground under rocket power
snorkel	breathing-tube for an underwater swimmer
recipient	a person who receives sth
at your earliest convenience	as soon as you have the opportunity
ASAP	as soon as possible
proven ability	tested and shown to be true | beyond doubt
hands-on experience	practical experience
mundane	(often disapproving) not interesting or exciting
trivial	not important or serious | not worth considering
to totter around	to walk or move with weak unsteady steps, especially because you are drunk or ill/sick
to loathe	to hate, despise
bonnet	the metal part over the front of a motor vehicle, usually covering the engine
to tap into	to make use of a source of energy, knowledge, etc. that already exists
recurring	coming back
bricklayer	person who builds walls or buildings using bricks, especially as a job
awkward /'ɔkwə:d/	making you feel embarrassed | not convenient
relieved	feeling happy because sth unpleasant has stopped or has not happened | showing this
reins (to pull on ~)	long, narrow, leather band that is fastened around a horse's neck and is held by the rider in order to control the horse
flat-pack furniture	piece of furniture that is sold in pieces in a flat box and that you have to build / construct yourself
to rate ~ sb/sth (as) sth | ~ as sth	to have or think that sb/sth has a particular level of quality, value, etc
to leave no stone unturned	to try in every way | miss no chance | do everything possible
thrilled (about / at / with sth)	very excited and pleased
commute	journey that a person makes when they commute to work
stove	piece of equipment that can burn various fuels and is used for heating rooms
pellet	small hard ball of any substance, often of soft material that has become hard
prerequisite	something that must exist or happen before sth else can happen or be done
stale	(of air, smoke, etc.) no longer fresh | smelling unpleasant
hurdle	problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before you can achieve sth
biomass energy	type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation.  Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases.
geothermal energy	energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth
tidal energy	form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.
wind turbine	device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy
primary sector	any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, hunting, fishing, and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in developing countries than it does in developed countries
secondary sector	economic sector in the three-sector theory which describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses the industries which produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector (i.e. raw materials) and creates finished goods suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or for sale to domestic consumers (via distribution through the tertiary sector). Many of these industries consume large quantities of energy and require factories and machinery
tertiary sector	the area of industry that deals with services rather than materials or goods
amenities	things that make you comfortable and at ease
premises	building and land near to it that a business owns or uses
real estate	property in the form of land or buildings
retrofitting	addition of new technology or features to older systems
earthship	brand of passive solar earth shelter that is made of both natural and upcycled materials such as earth-packed tires, pioneered by architect Michael Reynolds. The name is based on the idea of a ship or a space ship. Both of those structures need to provide everything for their inhabitants to survive: shelter, power, waste management, water, and food. Are intended to be "off-the-grid-ready" homes, with minimal reliance on public utilities and fossil fuels. They are constructed to use available natural resources, especially energy from the sun and rain water. They are designed with thermal mass construction and natural cross-ventilation to regulate indoor temperature. The designs are intentionally uncomplicated and mainly single-story, so that people with little building knowledge can construct them
off-the-grid	system and lifestyle designed to help people function without the support of remote infrastructure, such as an electrical grid. Off-the-grid homes aim to achieve autonomy | they do not rely on one or more of municipal water supply, sewer, gas, electrical power grid, or similar utility services. The term "off the grid" traditionally refers to the electrical grid only
grey water	water which has been used at least once already. Typically it is filtered waste-water from sinks and showers.
black water	water that has been used in a toilet. Earthships utilize anaerobic digestion in their septic tanks, which naturally separate solid waste. The black water is used in concrete cells containing plants, separate from the grey water plants in the greenhouse | it may also be used in exterior planters. Studies on the safety of growing food plants in a black water system show low levels of E. coli bacteria. It is not recommended to plant edibles in black water
itchy feet	very strong or irresistible impulse to travel
to switch off	to change your mind & forget about sth
backpacking	outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back, while hiking for more than a day. It is often an extended journey,[1] and may involve camping outdoors. In North America tenting is common, where simple shelters and mountain huts, widely found in Europe, are rare. In New Zealand, hiking is called tramping and tents are used alongside a nationwide network of huts.[2] Hill walking is an equivalent in Britain (but this can also refer to a day walk), though backpackers make use of a variety of accommodation, in addition to camping
to steal	to take sth from a person, shop/store, etc. without permission and without intending to return it or pay for it
cruise	journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday
ETD	estimated time of departure
ETA	estimated tome of arrival
to advertise ~ sth (as sth)	to tell the public about a product or a service in order to encourage people to buy or to use it
to oversleep	to sleep longer than you wanted
to jade	to lose interest or become bored with something or somebody | to be exhausted
to hone	to develop and improve sth, especially a skill, over a period of time
buster (stress ~)	person or thing that stops or gets rid of sth (e.g. stress)
to switch off	to stop thinking about anything
to unwind	to relax (usually after work)
to take your mind off sth	 to stop thinking about sth (usually unpleasant) | try to think of sth else
to hang out	to spend your time idly or lounging about
to let your hair down	to relax &amp | enjoy yourself without worrying what other people will think
breather /ˈbri:ðə/	a brief pause for rest | a short spell of exercise
stint	unbroken period of time during which you do something
to go on at sb	to provide negative feedback | постоянно критиковать
to take sb up on sth	to accept an offer that someone has made
to drive away	to force to go away
that's saying something	used to suggest there is evidence to be investigated
muddy	not clear, confusing
to flick through	to move or make sth move with sudden quick movements
temptation	desire to do or have sth that you know is bad or wrong
to get over sth	to recover from (not separable)
to let sb down	to make sb disappointed
to give up	to quit
to feel up to sth	to feel strong enough to do sth
to come down with sth	to become ill
to put sb off	to make sb dislike sth
to take after sb	to be like an older relative
to take sb up on sth	to accept sth that is offered or available
to wear sb out	to make sb feel very tired
to take up	to begin | to resume | to accept
to give in	to stop fighting or arguing and do as the other person wants | give someone his own way | stop opposing someone 
to let sb down	to make sb disappointed
to drive sb away	make sb stop wanting to be with you
to get over	to recover from 
to feel up to sth / doing sth	to have enough strength or will 
to keep up with sth	to be up to date
to put sth off	to delay, make happen later
to come up with	to invent
to cut down on	to reduce [the consumption] of sth
charismatic	having charisma | inspiring enthusiasm
forced	not sincere, not the result of genuine emotions
firm	snow may be firm underfoot
limp	uneven manner of walking that results from an injured leg
staring	looking at sb/sth for a long time
sleek	smooth and glossy
tousled	extremely disorderly
husky	deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion
shrill	piercing and high-pitched in sound
to put your foot in it	to make an embarrassing mistake, a blunder | to lack diplomacy
virtuous	behaving in a very good and moral way
virtuous circle	recurring cycle of events, the result of each one being to increase the beneficial effect of the next
afield	far away from home | to or in places that are not near
tycoon	person who is successful in business or industry and has become rich and powerful
baron /'bærən/	person who owns or controls a large part of a particular industry | nobleman of the lowest rank
to mastermind	to plan and direct a complicated project or activity (often one that involves a crime)
status-conscious society	concerned with appearance & status
promotion through word-of-mouth	communication by oral rather than written means
exit strategy	solution to pay back your debt in case of business failure
virtuous	behaving in a very good and moral way
virtuous circle	recurring cycle of events, the result of each one being to increase the beneficial effect of the next
afield	far away from home | to or in places that are not near
baron /'bærən/	person who owns or controls a large part of a particular industry | nobleman of the lowest rank
to mastermind	to plan and direct a complicated project or activity (often one that involves a crime)
status-conscious society	concerned with appearance & status
promotion through word-of-mouth	communication by oral rather than written means
exit strategy	solution to pay back your debt in case of business failure
shark	(informal, disapproving) person who is dishonest in business, especially sb who gives bad advice and gets people to pay too much for sth
house name	name that has become very well known | very popular brand
hype	(informal, disapproving) advertisements and discussion on television, radio, etc. telling the public about a product and about how good or important it is
Millennials	aka Generation Y, described as the first global generation and the first generation that grew up in the Internet age.[13] The generation is generally marked by elevated usage of and familiarity with the Internet, mobile devices, and social media,[14] which is why they are sometimes termed digital natives
to overlook	to fail to notice | ignore
overwhelming /ˌəuvəˈwelmɪŋ/	irresistible by force of numbers, influence, amount, etc
conscience	moral sense of right and wrong esp. as felt by a person and affecting behaviour 
to fight tooth & nail	to fight with all weapons or ways of fighting as hard as possible | fiercely
to tear to pieces	to destroy
to tame	to make become less wild, domestic
tamer	person who trains wild animals, e.g. a lion-tamer
to slip in the ratings	to become less popular
to lose momentum	to be slowing down
money-grabbing generation	young adults who share rapacious proceedings esp. in politics and commerce, take greedily or unfairly, snatch
empty-handed	without getting what you wanted | without taking sth to sb
CSR	corporate social responsibility
capital outlay	the amount of money that you have to spend in order to start a new business, activity [registered capital]
USP	unique selling point
elevator pitch	10-second to 1-minute pitch
pitch	talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do sth
rhetorical	asked only to make a statement or to produce an effect rather than to get an answer
to be off the hook	freed from danger or blame or obligation | out of trouble
foiled	unsuccessful
to foil	to stop sth from happening, especially sth illegal | to prevent sb from doing sth
out of depth	unreached, deficient, short, minus, out of depth, perfunctory, neglected, wanting, lacking, insufficient
to bear	to endure | to be indulgent to
awkward	making you feel embarrassed | not convenient | difficult to deal with
to enquire	(rather formal) to ask sb for some information
matinee	afternoon show
deposit (non-refundable)	sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment
first come, first serve	if you arrive first, you will be served first | people will be waited on in the order they come | the person who comes first will have his turn first
to sign up	to put your name on a course
limited run	only for a short time
limited enrolment	when there is a maximum number of people (e.g. on a course)
to gain	to obtain or win sth, especially sth that you need or want
to bear	to endure | to be indulgent to
EBIT	earnings before interest & tax
ruthless	having no pity or compassion | (disapproving) (of people or their behaviour) hard and cruel | determined to get what you want and not caring if you hurt other people
slick	done in a very impressive way that seems to need very little effort | (sometimes disapproving) done or made in a way that is clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere or lacks important ideas
meteoric	becoming very successful very quickly
to trumpet	to talk about sth publicly in a proud or enthusiastic way
to mend	to repair
forklift	small industrial vehicle with a power operated forked platform in front that can be inserted under loads to lift and move them
skip	large open container for putting old bricks, rubbish/garbage, etc. in. The skip is then loaded on a lorry/truck and taken away
stacking	placing in a vertical arrangement so that each item in a pile is resting on top of another item in the pile
rack	piece of equipment, usually made of metal or wooden bars, that is used for holding things or for hanging things on
pallet	heavy wooden or metal base that can be used for moving or storing goods
to spot	to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do so
lean (manufacturing technique)	containing little excess
fringe	outside boundary or surface of something
fringe benefit	incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment 
product recall	quest by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)
to comprise	to consist of sb/sth
to entail	to involve sth that cannot be avoided | вызывать, подразумевать
to envy	to wish you had the same qualities, possessions, opportunities, etc. as sb else
to resemble	to look like or be similar to another person or thing
to cope (with sth)	to deal successfully with sth difficult | to manage
to trigger	to initiate, start, stimulate
to take for granted	to accept without verification or proof 
bland	mild, not irritating, tasteless, not stimulating, insipid
to sign up	join a club, an activity, etc. with the intention to join or participate | to promise to do something by signing your name
to have a go at sth	to give sth a try
to have a go on sth	to have a ride on sth
to give sth a go	to try sth for the first time
to make a go of sth	to succeed in doing sth | to turn into a success
on the go	very busy or active
obsessive compulsive	who feels compelled to do certain things | anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts and feelings and repetitive, ritualized behaviours
to stride	to walk w/ confidence
to derive	to come from
to thrash	to beat v easily
relentless	not stopping or getting less strong | refusing to give up or be less strict or severe
upper hand (to have the ~)	the advantage
loopy	crazy
curse	bad magic spell
jinx	force that brings bad luck
rife	common, widespread
urge	strong desire
to slam	to close violently
cosy	enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space
to indulge (oneself) into	take pleasure freely
to be fond of	to like very much, to be keen on 
repulsive	causing a feeling of strong dislike | very unpleasant
attached ~ (to sb/sth)	full of affection for sb/sth
to set out	to leave, depart
rat race	exhausting routine that leaves no time for relaxation
treadmill	exercise machine that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while remaining in the same place | work or a way of life that is boring or tiring because it involves always doing the same things e.g. I'd like to escape the office treadmill
possession	something that you own or have with you at a particular time
consumerism	(sometimes disapproving) buying and using of goods and services | the belief that it is good for a society or an individual person to buy and use a large quantity of goods and services
to diminish	to reduce 
leisure	time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
suspect	that may be false and that cannot be relied on
downshifting	trend where individuals adapt simpler lives from what critics call the "rat race"
to remember + infinitive	to keep in mind you need to do sth and not to forget
to remember + gerund	to recall a past action
to try + gerund	to try & see what happens
to try + infinitive	to try & get a result
to stop + infinitive	say why an activity stops
to stop + gerund	 say that an ctivity stops
to forget + infinitive	forget sth you are supposed to do
to forget + gerund	(never) forget a definite past event
can't stand	to dislike very much
apron	piece of clothing worn over the front of the body, from the chest or the waist down, and tied around the waist
caring	compassionate, esp. with reference to the professional care of the sick or elderly.
spouse	(formal or law) a husband or wife
to deserve	if sb/sth deserves sth, it is right that they should have it, because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are
to remember + infinitive	to keep in mind you need to do sth and not to forget
to remember + gerund	to recall a past action
to try + gerund	to try & see what happens
to try + infinitive	to try & get a result
to stop + infinitive	say why an activity stops
to stop + gerund	 say that an ctivity stops
to forget + infinitive	forget sth you are supposed to do
to forget + gerund	(never) forget a definite past event
can't stand	to dislike very much
hazardous /ˈhæzədəs/	risky, dangerous
to ensure	to make sure, make certain
recycling	act of processing used or abandoned materials for use in creating new products
landfill	area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth
cause (for the good ~)	idea that people support or fight for | дело (правое, благородное и т.п)
to charm	to please or attract sb in order to make them like you or do what you want
to be concerned by	to worry about
prohibitive	preventing people from doing sth | discouraging
fiery	quickly or easily becoming angry | showing strong emotions, especially anger
BATNA	best alternative to a negotiated agreement. In negotiation theory, the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement or BATNA is the most advantageous alternative course of action - a party can take if negotiations fail and an agreement cannot be reached
coinage	process of inventing a word or phrase
praise	words that show approval of or admiration for sb/sth
(not) to stand	to bear, tolerate, support
to insist (~ on)	to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth
debilitating	making you feel weak | exhausted
to cower	to bend low and/or move backwards because you are frightened
cursory	done quickly and without giving enough attention to details
to meet half way	to yield or concede half of the difference in order to effect a compromise or reconciliation with
to adore	to love sb very much | to like sth very much
rumour	piece of information, or a story, that people talk about, but that may not be true | разговоры | слух
asset	person or thing that is valuable or useful to sb/sth
disgrace	loss of other people's respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved |person or thing that is so bad that people connected with them or it feel or should feel ashamed | позор
hospitality	business of providing food, drink, and accommodation for customers of restaurants, bars, etc. or guests at hotels | food, drink, and entertainment provided by a company for business associates, e.g. business trips and corporate hospitality
revenue	income, esp. of a large amount, from any source
to have a finger in every pie	to be involved in a lot of different activities or knows about a lot of different things
to pull off	to be successful | to achieve a goal
to have a finger in every pie	to be involved in a lot of different activities or knows about a lot of different things
to outbid sb for sth	to offer more money than sb else in order to buy sth, for example at an auction
fringe benefits	extra things that an employer gives you as well as your wages
endorsement	statement made in an advertisement, usually by sb famous or important, saying that they use and like a particular product
apparel /əˈpærəl/	(especially AmE) clothing, when it is being sold in shops/stores
to lose sight of the bigger picture	to see the trees but not the forest
fairly	in a fair and reasonable way | honestly | to some extent but not very
BATNA	best alternative to a negotiated agreement. In negotiation theory, the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement or BATNA is the most advantageous alternative course of action
to eavesdrop	to listen secretly to what other people are saying
ingratiation	psychological technique in which an individual attempts to influence another person by becoming more likeable to their target | усилия, предпринимаемые человеком с целью понравиться другим людям. Совершенно очевидно, что если вам нужно чего-либо добиться от окружающих, то быстрее всего результаты будут достигнуты, если вы сможете сделать так, чтобы по отношению к вам испытывали теплые чувства
to elicit	to get information or a reaction from sb, often with difficulty | to draw forth (what is latent) | выявлять | делать вывод | выводить | вытянуть
employee turn-around	total number of workers who leave a company over a certain time period. Includes those who exit voluntarily as well as employees who are fired or laid off
compelling	that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting | so strong that you must do sth about it
to reframe	to change the way something is expressed or considered
over the long haul	over an extended period of time
to get one up on somebody	to get an advantage over someone, or to do something that shows you are better than them
reciprocity	situation in which two people, countries, etc. provide the same help or advantages to each other
BATNA	best alternative to a negotiated agreement. In negotiation theory, the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement or BATNA is the most advantageous alternative course of action 
apparel	(especially AmE) clothing, when it is being sold in shops/stores
to tie up loose ends	to finish | to complete
to probe (into sth)	to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about sb/sth
to get a foot in the door	to have a chance to do something that could lead to further opportunities.
price conscious	aware of how much things cost and thus avoiding buying expensive items | looking for value for money
customer	someone who buys products or services from a company
client	refers to a certain type of customer who purchases professional services from a business
misnomer	name or a word that is not appropriate or accurate
to deem	to have a particular opinion about sth | to consider
versatility	having a wide variety of skills
eagerness	positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something
giveaway	something that makes you guess the real truth about sth/sb | демаскирующий признак
to probe (into sth)	to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about sb/sth | to touch, examine or look for sth, especially with a long thin instrument
to anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/	to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it
to pre-empt	to prevent sth from happening by taking action to stop it
contingencies	events that may or may not happen, possibilities
black swan	metaphor describing an event which is unanticipated (perhaps because it seemed impossible or because no-one had considered it before), but which has very far-reaching consequences
teething problems	small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning 
obvious /ˈɔbvɪəs/	easy to see or understand
to lace	to add a small amount of alcohol, a drug, poison, etc. to a drink
to withdraw	to stop giving or offering sth to sb
to reassure /ˌriːəˈʃɔːr/	to comfort someone and stop them from worrying
to dispatch ~ sb/sth (to ...) (formal)	to send sb/sth somewhere, especially for a special purpose
to blow up	to break or destroy or to be destroyed by explosion
circumstance	conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action
faulty	not perfect | not working or made correctly
to anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/	to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it
to pre-empt	to prevent sth from happening by taking action to stop it
contingencies	events that may or may not happen, possibilities
black swan	metaphor describing an event which is unanticipated (perhaps because it seemed impossible or because no-one had considered it before), but which has very far-reaching consequences
teething problems	small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning 
obvious /ˈɔbvɪəs/	easy to see or understand
sour /ˈsauə/	(of a person, temper, etc.) harsh | morose | bitter | not being pleasant or satisfactory any more
biased /'baiəst/ ~ (toward(s) / against / in favour of sb/sth)	having a tendency to show favour towards or against one group of people or one opinion for personal reasons | making unfair judgements
to brew (up)	(usually used in the progressive tenses) if sth unpleasant is brewing or brewing up, it seems likely to happen soon
revenge (to take one's ~)	something that you do in order to make sb suffer because they have made you suffer
to facilitate	to make easier
to turn down	to refuse
revenge (to take one's ~)	something that you do in order to make sb suffer because they have made you suffer
to drive sth underground	to make sth go in or into a secret place in order to hide from the police, the government, etc
intriguing	very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer 
favouritism /ˈfeɪvərɪtɪzm/	act of unfairly treating one person better than others because you like them better
prejudicial (to sth)	(formal) harming or likely to harm sb/sth
pretension (to sth / to doing sth) | ~ (to do sth)	claim to be or to do sth
careerist /kəˈrɪərɪst/	(often disapproving) a person whose career is more important to them than anything else
reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/	involving two people or groups who agree to help each other or behave in the same way to each other
cold calling	practice of telephoning sb that you do not know, in order to sell them sth
p.a.	per annum (per year)
to sound out	to try to learn someone's opinions and intentions
vacant	if a job in a company is vacant, nobody is doing it and it is available for sb to take
substantial	very important
to carry out	to put in effect | to execute
to research into	to study a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it | исследовать
incentive (for / to sb/sth) (to do sth)	something that encourages you to do sth
unsatisfied	not dealt with in a satisfactory way | (of a person) not having got what you hoped | not having had enough of sth | worried and uneasy
dissatisfied	not happy or satisfied with sth | sulky, sullen, morose, or silent
golden handshake	severance payment
substantial	important
job sharing | work sharing	employment arrangement where two people, or sometimes more, are retained on a part-time or reduced-time basis to perform a job normally fulfilled by one person working full-time. This leads to a net reduction in per-employee income
two-pronged (approach)	divided
to juggle	to try to deal with two or more important jobs or activities at the same time so that you can fit all of them into your life
secondment	detachment of a person from their regular organization for temporary assignment elsewhere
(medical) check-up	physical, medical or clinical examination by a medical professional who investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease. 
medical history	account of the symptoms as experienced by the patient to diagnose and devise a treatment plan
paternity leave	time that the father of a new baby is allowed to have away from work
NVQ (National Vocational Qualification)	work-based qualification that recognises the skills and knowledge a person needs to do a job. The candidate needs to demonstrate and prove their competency in their chosen role or career path
perks	fringe benefits | extra things that an employer gives you as well as your wages
to go out of one's way	to make a special effort to do something
leisure	time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
contributory pension	State Pension is part of the United Kingdom Government's pension arrangements. Benefits vary depending on the age of the individual and their contribution record. Anyone can make a claim, provided they have a minimum number of qualifying years of contributions
entitlement /en'taitəlmənt/ (to take up your -)	official right to have or do sth
to sound (sb) out	try to learn someone's opinions and intentions
eagerness	being very interested and excited by sth that is going to happen or about sth that you want to do
intrinsic	inherent, essential | belonging naturally (intrinsic value)
Herzberg 2-factor theory	motivators will fail if hygiene factors are not satisfactory
hygiene factor	feature of a job that will make a worker unhappy if it is not provided, for example fair pay or comfortable working conditions: Hygiene factors are those which are necessary for people to work, not those that actually motivate people to work harder
empowerment	autonomy | act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant | increasing the economic, political, social, educational, gender, or spiritual strength of an entity or entities Sociological empowerment often addresses members of groups that social discrimination processes have excluded from decision-making processes through - for example - discrimination based on disability, race, ethnicity, religion, or gender. Empowerment as a methodology is often associated with feminism: see consciousness-raising (Wikipedia)
red-tape	dealing with bureaucracy
burnout	breakdown
to hyperventilate	to breathe too quickly because you are very frightened or excited
perks	fringe benefits | extra things that an employer gives you as well as your wages
remuneration	amount of money that is paid to sb for the work they have done
second wind	(BrEn) (informal) new energy that makes you able to continue with sth that had made you tired
second breath	the easier breathing that follows difficult breathing when one makes a severe physical effort, as in running or swimming
unsatisfied	not dealt with in a satisfactory way | (of a person) not having got what you hoped | not having had enough of sth | worried and uneasy
dissatisfied	not happy or satisfied with sth | sulky, sullen, morose, or silent
golden handshake	severance payment
substantial	important
job sharing | work sharing	employment arrangement where two people, or sometimes more, are retained on a part-time or reduced-time basis to perform a job normally fulfilled by one person working full-time. This leads to a net reduction in per-employee income
warehouse	building where large quantities of goods are stored, especially before they are sent to shops/stores to be sold
to propose	to suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide on
crèche	day nursery
outsourcing	arranging for sb outside a company to do work or provide goods for that company
to lack	not to have
distraction	thing that takes your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about
denial	refusal to accept that sth unpleasant or painful is true
blame (for sth)	responsibility for doing sth badly or wrongly
guilt	unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking that you have done sth wrong
nitpicking	as nitpicking inherently requires fastidious, meticulous attention to detail, the term has become appropriated to describe the practice of meticulously searching for minor, even trivial errors in detail (often referred to as "nits" as well), and then criticising them (see hypercriticism)
gender role	overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness
gender gap	difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programmes
to impede	to be a hindrance or obstacle to
glass ceiling	ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions
to overreach	to fail by trying to achieve more than is possible
to reconcile	to make (one thing) compatible with (another)
to sing praises	to express your approval or admiration for sb/sth
to hit below the belt	disregarding the rules (from the notion of an illegal low blow in boxing)
self-starter	energetic person with unusual initiative
to beg	request urgently or persistently
irritable	getting annoyed easily | showing your anger
patriarchal	(of societies) being ruled by or having descent traced through the male line
to pamper	(sometimes disapproving) to take care of sb very well and make them feel as comfortable as possible
gender role	overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness
LGBT	lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
bold	courageous
caring	kind, helpful and showing that you care about other people
grey cardinal	someone who is a Grey Cardinal exerts power behind the scenes, without drawing attention to himself or herself
dignified	calm and serious and deserving respect
ingenious	having a lot of clever new ideas and good at inventing things
self-assertive	aggressively self-assured
dependable	worthy of reliance or trust
self-conscious ~ (about sth)	nervous or embarrassed about your appearance or what other people think of you
witty	able to say or write clever, amusing things
tense	nervous or worried, and unable to relax
Johari window	technique designed to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and others. It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft (1916–2014) and Harrington Ingham (1916–1995) in 1955, and is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise. Luft and Ingham named their model "Johari" using a combination of their first names
arena	place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment | area of activity that concerns the public, especially one where there is a lot of opposition between different groups or countries
façade /fəˈsɑːd/	way that sb/sth appears to be, which is different from the way sb/sth really is
blind spot	area that sb cannot see, especially an area of the road when they are driving a car | if sb has a blind spot about sth, they ignore it or they are unwilling or unable to understand it
dark horse	political candidate who is not well known but could win unexpectedly
gender role	overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness
gender gap	difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programmes
to impede	to be a hindrance or obstacle to
glass ceiling	ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions
to overreach	to fail by trying to achieve more than is possible
to reconcile	to make (one thing) compatible with (another)
to sing praises	to express your approval or admiration for sb/sth
to hit below the belt	disregarding the rules (from the notion of an illegal low blow in boxing)
self-starter	energetic person with unusual initiative
to beg	request urgently or persistently
irritable	getting annoyed easily | showing your anger
patriarchal	(of societies) being ruled by or having descent traced through the male line
to pamper	(sometimes disapproving) to take care of sb very well and make them feel as comfortable as possible
appraisal	expert estimation of the quality, quantity, and other characteristics of someone or something
vague /'veig/	not clear in a person's mind
to foster	to promote the growth of
to contrive	to make or work out a plan for | devise
contrived	artificially formal | showing effects of planning or manipulation
to persist	to refuse to stop | continue firmly or obstinately (in an opinion or a course of action) esp. despite obstacles, remonstrance...
dab hand (at sth)	person who is very good at doing sth or using sth
pedestrian	without any imagination or excitement | dull
DOS	Dept of State, federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies
to cook up	to plan and put together | make up | invent
storm	situation in which a lot of people suddenly express very strong feelings about sth
to pitch in	(informal) to join in and help with an activity, by doing some of the work or by giving money, advice, etc
dispersed	spread over a wide area
to get it out of your system	to free oneself of yearning for something in order to liberate oneself from an unwanted preoccupation
behind oneself	used to say that sth is in sb's past
to make it	to succeed in a big way | get to the top
to come to one's senses	to think clearly | behave as usual or as you should | act sensibly
posh	(informal) elegant and expensive
sustainable	involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
black tie	very formal men's clothes worn for a social event, usually including a black bow tie
fancy dress	clothes that you wear for fun to make you look like a particular type of person

to be bound to + infinitive	to do / be sth certain or likely to happen, or to do or be sth
take-over	acquisition
to reassure sb (about sth)	to say or do sth that makes sb less frightened or worried
to object to +ing	to say that you disagree with, disapprove of or oppose sth
desalination	process of removing salt from sea water
shortage	situation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed
diarrhoea	illness in which waste matter is emptied from the bowels much more frequently than normal, and in liquid form
to flee	to leave a person or place very quickly, especially because you are afraid of possible danger
pore	one of the very small holes in your skin that sweat can pass through | one of the similar small holes in the surface of a plant or a rock
sewage	used water and waste substances that are produced by human bodies, that are carried away from houses and factories through special pipes
to congregate	to come together in a group
to perpetrate	to commit a crime or do sth wrong or evil
to halve	to cut by 2
aid	money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situations
to clog	to block sth or to become blocked
lobby	group of people who try to influence politicians on a particular issue
dire	very severe
to deploy	to use sth effectively
to revamp	to make changes to the form of sth, usually to improve its appearance
shepherd's pie	pie of hash covered with mashed potatoes and browned in the oven, meat pie
hash	chopped meat mixed with potatoes and browned
to brown	to fry in a pan until it changes colour
crisps	thin round slice of potato that is fried until hard then dried and eaten cold. Crisps are sold in bags and have many different flavours
to bake	to cook food in an oven without extra fat or liquid 
to roast	to cook food, especially meat, without liquid in an oven or over a fire
to steam	to place food over boiling water so that it cooks in the steam | to be cooked in this way
to stew	to cook sth slowly, or allow sth to cook slowly, in liquid in a closed dish
greasy	(disapproving) (of food) cooked with too much oil
bland	tasteless, unstimulating, insipid | mild | gentle in manner | suave
crunchy	(approving) (especially of food) firm and crisp and making a sharp sound when you bite or crush it
dough /'dəu/	mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread and pastry
pastry	mixture of flour, fat and water or milk that is rolled out flat and baked as a base or covering for pies
cockroach	large brown insect with wings, that lives in houses, especially where there is dirt
dumpling	small ball of dough that is cooked and served with meat dishes
hash	chopped meat mixed with potatoes and browned
poultry	chickens, ducks and geese, kept for their meat or eggs
quail /'kweil/	small brown bird, whose meat and eggs are used for food | the meat of this bird | мясо перепёлки или куропатки
anchovy	small fish with a strong salty flavour
cod	треска
hake	хек
trout	форель
salmon	сёмга
prawn	креветка
mussels	мидия
hash	блюдо из мелко нарезанного мяса и овощей
cauliflower	цветная капуста
aubergine	баклажан
courgette	цукини, кабачок
celery	сельдерей
learning curve	rate at which you learn a new subject or a new skill | the process of learning from the mistakes you make
in-the-field	away from the laboratory, office, or studio | engaged in practical work in a natural environment
trivia	facts about many subjects that are used in a game to test people's knowledge (e.g. quiz) | unimportant matters, details or information 
treat (noun)	something that gives satisfaction
detrimental to	having a negative effect
bottle cap	closure for the top opening of a bottle
ring pull	small piece of metal with a ring attached which is pulled to open cans of food, drink, etc
jet pack	device worn on the back which uses jets of gas or liquid to propel the wearer through the air. The concept has been present in science fiction for almost a century and became widespread in the 1960s
breakthrough	important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement
trade-off	compromise
outlook	way a particular situation is expected to develop in the future, for example, whether it will get better or worse
breakdown (communication ~)	failure of a relationship, discussion or system
outcome	result
drawback	disadvantage
downside	disadvantage
conditioner	liquid that makes hair soft and shiny after washing, e.g. shampoo and conditioner | liquid, used after washing clothes, that makes them softer, e.g. fabric conditioner
air conditioner	machine that cools and dries air
to sort out	arrange or order by classes or categories | make free from confusion or ambiguity | make clear
candid camera	camera used to capture a photograph without creating a posed appearance. The candid nature of a photograph is unrelated to the subject's knowledge about or consent to the fact that photographs are being taken, and unrelated to the subject's permission for further usage and distribution. The crucial factor is the actual absence of posing
lawsuit	claim or complaint against sb that a person or an organization can make in a court of law
obese	overweight
to frown upon	to dislike
to devastate	to completely destroy a place or an area | to make sb feel very shocked and sad
courtesy of	given by
booming	increasing & becoming very successful
to take over from	to replace
to make one's debut in	to come into existence
numbered	limited, used for example in the phrase Its days are numbered
conjunction	combination of events, etc., that causes a particular result
to wake up to	to start to realise & understand sth
to alter	to change
detrimental ~ (to sb/sth)	harmful
to enhance	to improve
to distort	to change the shape, appearance or sound of sth so that it is strange or not clear | to twist or change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct or true
to remind	to help sb remember sth important that they must do  
to depict	to show in, or as in, a picture
to portray	to show sb/sth in a picture | to describe sb/sth in a piece of writing
to reveal	to make sth known to sb, to show sth that previously could not be seen
to disclose	to make sth known to sb, to show sth that previously could not be seen
to claim	to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it
to suggest	to express indirectly by an image, form, or model
to recall	to make sb think of sth
to illustrate	to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc
to embody	to express or represent an idea or a quality
to be reminiscent of	reminding you of sb/sth
to be regarded as	to be thought about in a particular way
to be considered as	to be thought about in a particular way
pinnacle /ˈpɪnəkl/	top or most successful point
to seal the deal	to come to an agreement, to finalise the deal | to make an agreement official
sting	sharp often poisonous wounding organ of an insect, snake, etc
indisputable	that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied | undeniable
ROI	return on investment
to break even	to attain a level at which there is neither gain nor loss, as in business
return (~ on investment, R.O.I)	amount of profit made on investment
business angel	investor who provides financial backing for small start-ups or entrepreneurs. Angel investors are usually found among an entrepreneur's family and friends and are essentially the exact opposite of a venture capitalist
venture capitalist	investor who either provides capital to start-up ventures or supports small companies that wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets
projection	estimate or statement of what figures, amounts, or events will be in the future, or what they were in the past, based on what is happening now
black swan	metaphor describing an event which is unanticipated (perhaps because it seemed impossible or because no-one had considered it before), but which has very far-reaching consequences
stage fright	nervous feelings felt by performers before they appear in front of an audience
alliteration	use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close together, as in sing a song of sixpence
jargon	characteristic language of a particular group 
acronym	word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name
signposting	post bearing a sign that gives directions or shows the way
digression	message that departs from the main subject
reduced sentences	clauses without a subject or sometimes even a verb used in the bullet points of a slide
to emphasise	to stress, single out as important












to rehearse	to practise or make people practise a play, piece of music, etc. in preparation for a public performance
marching band	group of musicians who play while they are marching (e.g. for a parade)
to be all the rage	to be fashionable
craze	enthusiastic interest in sth that is shared by many people but that usually does not last very long
turntable	round surface on a record player that you place the record on to be played