ykhrenov y25ykhrenov 20260915 171 156 145 130 2 110 94 81 58 (send the link to your google doc (in edit mode!) icons8-reading-100.png quarterly test Prepare for quarterly test vocab pre teach functional language grammar focus smartphone or tablet device listening Download onto your phone or tablet and listen carefully. schedule pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png pix/icons8-reading-100_white.png pix/icons8-frisbee-100_white.png pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png pix/icons8-jump-rope-100_white.png pix/icons8-lecturer-100_white.png pix/icons8-listen-100_white.png pix/icons8-magazine-100_white.png pix/icons8-metronome-filled-100_white.png pix/icons8-microscope-100_white.png pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png pix/icons8-people-100_white.png pix/icons8-reading-100_white.png pix/icons8-soccer-100_white.png pix/icons8-training-100_white.png pix/icons8-treadmill-100_white.png pix/icons8-worker-100_white.png collaboration people communicating vocab listening presentation in_detail :!php ~/www/soosh/xml2mbz_overwrite_offline.php ~/www/ictnle.com3/sdata/inc_xml_mdl/course_log_ykhrenov_2025.xml :!php ../../../moosh/moosh.php course-restore --overwrite ../mbz_bup_offline/course_log_ykhrenov_2025.xml_2mdl.mbz 130 :!php ~/www/soosh/xml2mbz_update_onl.php ~/www/ictnle.com3/sdata/inc_xml_mdl/course_log_ykhrenov_2025.xml todo passive forms econometrics, financial modelling 20250822 27 yo father b 1969 https://habr.com/ru/news/948890/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cm2zk4l8g26o redshield vpn ~ 3000 / yr glamping = portmanteau of "glamorous" and "camping", style of outdoor travel that combines the raw, natural setting of traditional camping with the modern luxuries, conveniences, and amenities of a high-end hotel ]]> sbook_plugins/wordlist_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook_for_sbook_session.inc sbook_plugins/payment_history_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook.inc 20261013 18:15-19:15 1 3000 -3000 + 0 = -3000 tbc Role play - Future perfect to make assumptions about past events (2/2) Role plays - experience & behavioural questions Mock interviews 15 By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> Making assumptions about lessons learnt with present perfect, future perfect and future 62 1 Role play - Making assumptions about past & present decisions active role_play Practise making assumptions about past & present decisions with present perfect, future perfect and future Recycle new expressions and language. You are attending a preliminary interview with a recruiter from CyBank. CyBank is a fintech located in Cyprus. You know that: ✓ the bank has already recruited 20% of its staff from Russia ✓ it's now looking to expand in CIS countries with more fintech products → explain why they need you As you have already hired 20% of your staff from Russia, I believe you will have a more positive approach than some other European companies. You won't be boycotting professionals just on the grounds of their nationality. I realise that you will have been recruiting staff who have already relocated. I hope you will understand... You are a recruiter from CyBank. You have already interviewed many candidates like your partner. → make assumptions about their experience & expectations As you know, we haven't been considering candidates from your region for political reasons. So, I take it for granted you will have already made plans for relocating. Given your profile you will want more than what we can offer just now, but... 61 to boycott = to refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting 60 4 Speaking practice: Present simple & future perfect to talk about habits active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa What will you have systematically double-checked when you start a new project? ]]> Before I contact the customer... ✓ I will have met my boss & discussed our targets I'll have rehearsed my sales pitch. to rehearse = to practise or make people practise a play, piece of music, etc. in preparation for a public performance I will be travelling on a business trip and... I'll be flying from one plant to another I will need to recruit a team a month before the peer review starts Before I leave.., Before I leave I will have signed the relevant papers. Before the peer review starts all participants should have adequate authorisation for visiting the plant. If we want to reach a win/win solution... We will have been negotiating for a long time. We will have been preparing for a long time We will have been thinking about the transients for a long time transient = continuing for only a short time, temporary 59 58 2 20230602 hw20230605 Role play - Managing people (verb patterns) active wip role_play Recycle new expressions and language. → use this chart to describe managerial styles Blake & Mouton - Managerial chart
blake_and_mouton_managerial_chart.jpg
]]> Recycle new expressions and language. You are a very result-oriented manager. Explain how your way of doing things is more effective. You believe ends justify the means (concern for production). ✓ I've tried to motivate... ← try + infinitive = try & fail (people with more interesting tasks) ✓ I stopped caring about... (people's feelings when I realised they weren't loyal to their company anyway) ✓ I mean to achieve... ← mean + infinitive = want to (our deadlines at any costs) ✓ my staff have always denied... (preferring time off to a financial reward) You are a people person. Disagree with your partner. Justify why your approach & concern for people are better in the long term. ✓ I always remember... (my staff members' birthdays because it helps create a good working atmosphere) ✓ I stopped giving... (too challenging tasks because staff burn out) ✓ I never forget... (to celebrate successes, even small ones!) ✓ I've tried... ← try + gerund = try & see what happens (motivating staff with financial incentives but sometimes elder staff weren't too happy) ✓ training doesn't mean... ← mean + ing = involve (wasting company time & money!) ✓ a business relation will go on... (developing if everyone is happy to work together, not the opposite!) 57 2 Role play - Negotiating terms & conditions (7 stages by Harry Mills) active role_play Recycle new expressions and language. Go through the stages described by Harry Mills: Explore each other's needs Signal for movement Probe with proposals Exchange concessions Close the deal Tie up loose ends You want to purchase a reliable product / service. You have a limited budget so it has to be good value for money. Negotiate terms and conditions. You are interested in customer support & after sales service so make sure your provider is happy with this deal (win-win). We're very excited to meet you today. We've heard a lot about your company. Feedback from your product / services is excellent. So, you're saying... I get it I do see where you're coming from You sold me! If you could make a compelling case that... that'd (would) help. I'm with you up to now. So far, so good. It sounds good. If it's rock solid, I'll sign it. What if you had... I'd be ready to reconsider / decrease/ change... if you did... Deal! I really look forward to this Your company provides top-of-the-range products / services but they are not particularly cheap. Explain your unique selling points. Negotiate terms and conditions. Be ready to make concessions because you want this prospect client to come back to you in the future too. Nice to meet you! How was your journey? Have you had a nice trip? Are you satisfied with...? Wouldn't you like...? Have you ever thought you could work faster if...? How much do you usually pay for...? What quantities would you...? I think there's material for discussion My company might accept such terms if... Perhaps we could... I'd need to check if... That's what I thought at first but... Look at it this way... Have you seen (statistics / data / competitors' strategy...) ? Don't worry, we're just considering... You don't have to commit yourself to..., you could only... Who else would benefit from...? Would it help if... Normally, we do... but for you, we can... What do you need from me to support/agree fully? If I'm on it, I'll give you... I think we've covered a lot of ground today Shall we go out for dinner? 56 Continuity management or progressive leadership? (1/2) 55 20260915 18:15-19:15 1 3000 -3000 + 3000 = 0 active JH | Reverse questions By the end of this session you will have studied FxPro System Analyst job opening zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> 54 Job description active textbook Job description FxPro System Analyst job opening Join FxPro: a leading international fintech company. Be a part of our expanding international team, with offices in Limassol, London, Nassau, Dubai and Yerevan. FxPro boasts a diverse workforce of over 600 employees representing 40 nationalities, making it an exciting and dynamic workplace. At FxPro, we see each team member as an integral part of our success story. As a System Analyst, you will play a key role in the development of FxPro’s core product. You will work closely with product managers, development teams, QA engineers, and other stakeholders to analyze business needs, design system behavior, describe integrations, and prepare clear development-ready specifications. You will be involved in both new functionality and improvements to existing services, including the analysis of legacy flows, system integrations, and production behavior. Project and technical context The product is based on a microservice architecture. The backend is mainly built with Node.js and integrates with multiple internal and external systems using REST, gRPC, and message brokers. The role requires strong analytical skills, technical understanding, and the ability to translate business needs into clear system requirements and development tasks. Responsibilities Analyze business needs and transform them into clear system requirements Design business logic for new and existing microservices Prepare development-ready artifacts: functional and non-functional requirements, specifications, process diagrams, use cases, user stories, and tickets Model system interactions and integrations using Sequence diagrams and C4 diagrams Design and document integration contracts between systems, including REST APIs, gRPC services, and message broker flows Collaborate with development, QA, product, and other cross-functional teams Analyze logs and investigate system behavior using tools such as Graylog and Kibana Perform reverse engineering of legacy functionality and document existing system behavior Support development teams during implementation and clarify requirements when needed Maintain comprehensive and structured technical documentation Requirements 3+ years of experience as a System Analyst Experience in integration analysis and understanding of client-server interaction principles Understanding of web services, APIs, REST, OpenAPI, gRPC, and message brokers Experience with UML, BPMN, ERD, Sequence diagrams, and C4 diagrams Understanding of databases and ability to read data structures and write basic to intermediate SQL queries Experience creating detailed system specifications, diagrams, flowcharts, and integration documentation Ability to analyze complex systems and describe business and system logic clearly Experience working with development teams and preparing tasks for implementation Excellent verbal and written communication skills Strong collaboration and teamwork abilities Attention to detail and ability to work with incomplete or legacy documentation Benefits Competitive compensation package Medical insurance Provident fund In-house gym with a personal trainer Free daily lunch catering, snacks, and beverages Company discount card for various products & services 21 days of annual leave and 10 days of sick leave annually Shuttle bus service from Limassol Birthday gift Relocation bonus and visa/work permit support
]]> 53 1 Preparing reverse questions Preparing for a job interview (2/2) Preparing reverse questions active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Imagine you have answered all questions at a job interview... Have you got any questions for us? What questions will you ask them? How do you respond? ✓ make sure you explain how their answers to your questions resonate with your experience and expectations Look at the answers below. → why are there relevant? ]]> Is this a new position or a substitution? Why? ✓ maternity leave ✓ promotion to another dept ✓ restructuring ✓ deployment of a new technology stack → recognise signs of high staff turnover due to excessive workload What will the on-boarding / induction process cover? ✓ anticipate what you need to brush up or learn on your own → ensure you make a good impression from the beginning → show you want to hit the ground running Where do you expect me to perform my duties? Why? ✓ on-site ✓ hybrid ✓ remote → explain you are not against any location as much as potential micro-management Can you please explain in detail the job responsibilities regarding... ✓ understand company culture ✓ get a general view of the management structure → assess the constraints you may experience Why do you think I may contribute successfully to the profile(s) of my team? What mistakes should I anticipate? ✓ show interest in team playing → be a good match for the team ✓ pre-empt conflicts with certain team members → identify toxic workplaces To what extent will I own my projects? ✓ omnipresent delegation → more horizontal management style Who will be my manager? With whom will I interact in the company? ✓ confirm team matching → leverage cross functional collaboration opportunities e.g. opportunities for liaising in English with multinational teams Do you provide extra training, MBA sponsorship, etc? ✓ hint at continuous training → show you are ambitious ✓ be smarter than the recruiter & ask them before they ask you Where do you see me in 3-5 years? What will you have for me to get there? ✓ check career opportunities → decide how realistic their expectations are ✓ make sure this is not a dead end job ! don't frighten recruiters with too ambitious views → show you expect professional development 52 to pre-empt = to prevent sth from happening by taking action to stop it to hit the ground running = to start something and proceed at a fast pace with great enthusiasm; to immediately work hard and successfully at a new activity to be snowed under = to have so much work that you have problems dealing with it all 51 by with | via small data sets ... creating accessories to for your developers They're expecting from me that I will relocate to the Cyprus Need Do I need to work from Cyprus during the probation period They want to have a technical interview in next week I can join to them in December ... and why they don't aren't using Kafka for example ]]> 20260908 18:15-19:15 1 6000 20260907 3000 -3000 + 0 +6000 = 3000 active Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' | Making assumptions about past & present decisions with present perfect, future perfect and future Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' | Making assumptions about lessons learnt with present perfect, future perfect and future Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' By the end of this session you will have studied print Download onto your tablet or print the following pdf for our next lesson. English Grammar in Use - Advanced 3rd Ed by Hewings, Cambridge University Press icons8-hand-with-pen-100.png Unit 14 Future seen from the past pg 29 ex 14.1 14.2 key to exercise Check your answers with the key at the end of the file advanced_grammar_in_use_3rd_ed_with_answers_martin_hewings_pg28-29-254_unit14_future_seen_from_the_past.pdf Role play - Future seen from the past to review a strategy that failed → prepare the role play smartphone or tablet device print Download onto your tablet or print the following pdf for our next lesson. English Grammar in Use - Advanced by Hewings, Cambridge University Press icons8-hand-with-pen-100.png Unit 16 Will, would and used to pg 33 ex 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 key to exercise Check your answers with the key at the end of the file english_grammar_in_use_advanced_3rd_edition_with_answers_martin_hewings_pg32-33-255_unit16_will_would_used_to_w_keys.pdf Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' → prepare the role play zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' 50 2 Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' active role_play Practise 'used to', 'would' and 'will' to describe past and present habits. Recycle new expressions and language. Because of the crisis you have problems with your supply chain. You are reporting to your manager about delays on an important project. You are not happy because procedures have changed. Explain how you used to manage your workflow. I'm not used to planning orders so early when I don't know for sure what we'll need! I used to contact suppliers just a couple of weeks in advance. It used to be easy. I would just send an e-mail. You are a project manager. Try to reassure your employee. Suggest how the department will proceed from now on. Don't worry! From now on, you will need to contact your suppliers just a little earlier... You'll be planning your orders with our new software. You'll be getting used to implementing this solution really fast. Making assumptions about lessons learnt with present perfect, future perfect and future 49 20260908-1902 'Will' for predictions & assumptions of past events active grammar 48 20210403-1917 Future simple vs future perfect for assumption of a past event active grammar 47 1 Role play - Making assumptions about past & present decisions active role_play Practise making assumptions about past & present decisions with present perfect, future perfect and future Recycle new expressions and language. You are attending a preliminary interview with a recruiter from CyBank. CyBank is a fintech located in Cyprus. You know that: ✓ the bank has already recruited 20% of its staff from Russia ✓ it's now looking to expand in CIS countries with more fintech products → explain why they need you As you have already hired 20% of your staff from Russia, I believe you will have a more positive approach than some other European companies. You won't be boycotting professionals just on the grounds of their nationality. I realise that you will have been recruiting staff who have already relocated. I hope you will understand... You are a recruiter from CyBank. You have already interviewed many candidates like your partner. → make assumptions about their experience & expectations As you know, we haven't been considering candidates from your region for political reasons. So, I take it for granted you will have already made plans for relocating. Given your profile you will want more than what we can offer just now, but... 46 to boycott = to refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting 45 visited went to a theatre I 've never had never been to the theatre since I was 13 Each of banks need (OR Every?) bank needs to take a commission from you Early Before | In the past (Earlier) we didn't have a legal rule provision to charge a commission You can return recover a part of this money (cash-back) ]]> 20260901 18:15-19:15 1 3000 -3000 + 3000 = 0 active Past & present habits vs Getting familiar with (be / get used to) B2/C1 Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' By the end of this session you will have studied print Download onto your tablet or print the following pdf for our next lesson. English Grammar in Use - Advanced 3rd Ed by Hewings, Cambridge University Press icons8-hand-with-pen-100.png Unit 14 Future seen from the past pg 29 ex 14.1 14.2 key to exercise Check your answers with the key at the end of the file advanced_grammar_in_use_3rd_ed_with_answers_martin_hewings_pg28-29-254_unit14_future_seen_from_the_past.pdf Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' → prepare the role play zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' 44 20240426-1002 20230411-0932 20210519-0926 Past & present habits vs Getting familiar with (be / get used to) B2/C1 active grammar 43 20240426-1000 20200522-1227 Past and present habits (used to vs would / will) C1 active grammar 42 Mindmap: Used to - would - will active 3 textbook used to - would - will mindmap smartphone or tablet device print Download onto your tablet or print & illustrate the following mindmap in your own way (use colours, symbols, etc) http://www.ictnle.com/mindmaps/used_to_would_will_mindmap.pdf ]]> 41 20210520-1357 Practice: Used to, would, will active review grammar_used_to_would_will_past_and_present_habits_b2_03.csv 40 2 Role play - Managing past & present workflows with 'used to', 'would' and 'will' active role_play Practise 'used to', 'would' and 'will' to describe past and present habits. Recycle new expressions and language. Because of the crisis you have problems with your supply chain. You are reporting to your manager about delays on an important project. You are not happy because procedures have changed. Explain how you used to manage your workflow. I'm not used to planning orders so early when I don't know for sure what we'll need! I used to contact suppliers just a couple of weeks in advance. It used to be easy. I would just send an e-mail. You are a project manager. Try to reassure your employee. Suggest how the department will proceed from now on. Don't worry! From now on, you will need to contact your suppliers just a little earlier... You'll be planning your orders with our new software. You'll be getting used to implementing this solution really fast. 39 38 that I work till 10pm me working till 10pm | the fact that I am working... ]]> 20260825 18:15-19:15 1 6000 20260823 3000 -3000 + 0 + 6000 = 3000 active Role play - Future seen from the past to review a strategy that failed By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> B2 / C1 Future seen from the past to review a strategy that failed 37 20260828-1830 20240913-1053 Future seen from the past (to be going to - to be about to - was|were|would + infinitive) B2 active grammar 36 20240913-1052 Future seen from the past (to be going to - to be about to - was|were|would + infinitive - would + have + past participle) B2/C1 active grammar 35 20200311-1724 Future in the past active wip decks deck_of_phrases_future_in_the_past.csv 34 20240913-1051 Expressing broken plans (with register and completion) C1 active grammar 33 20210520-1357 Practice: Future in the past B2 03 active review grammar_future_in_the_past_b2_03.csv 32 1 Future in the past B2 03 active quiz https://www.ictnle.com/mod/quiz/view.php?id= https://msk.ictnle.com/mod/quiz/view.php?id= matching pix/icons8-automation-100.png pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png //Grammar;Future in the past;B2 - 03;Complete the sentences with the appropriate form to express future seen from the past. $CATEGORY: ELT courses/Grammar/B2/Future in the past When I was in business school I didn't know I { =was going to become ~become ~will become } a lawyer. When I joined this company I didn't know I { =was about to start ~am starting ~will soon start } speaking English again. I was about { =to leave ~to have left ~to be going to leave } when the telephone rang. They { =were to have arrived ~would arrived ~were arrived } by 9.45am for the conf-call at 10am. The meeting { =wasn't supposed ~had not supposed ~wouldn't suppose } to start before 10am. 31 1 Role play - Future seen from the past to review a strategy that failed active role_play pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png You are attending a meeting to review a strategy that failed. You need to look at what was scheduled, what was expected, and why it would fail. → recycle new expressions and language → practise future seen from the past You are the team lead. You had agreed your team would implement a more costly solution if they couldn't deploy the cheaper, but more technologically complicated, solution. The more advanced solution was going to be cheaper to deploy. The team were to simplify the technological stack ← future seen from the past Our company would become more competitive ← future seen from the past Nobody thought it would prove to be too challenging. You are a C level manager. You are disappointed by decisions made by the former manager & express criticism. You must be diplomatic because you need your team lead to push your strategy from top to bottom. You were supposed to have implemented the more advanced solution long ago. You were to have cut costs! ← future seen from the past that didn't happen The company was to have become more competitive. The team should have tested the more advanced solution first. Couldn't you have carried thorough testing before going to production? We would have had a more reliable stack by now. 30 thorough = done completely; with great attention to detail; doing things very carefully and with great attention to detail 29 more cheaper We were had agreed that we would used use | have used Postgresql We would have select selected a more reliable solution ]]> queries /'kwiri:z/ 20260821 18:15-19:15 1 3000 -3000 + 3000 = 0 active Role play - Future forms to obtain a bank loan for expansion By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> Review of future forms 28 20210320-1212 Present continuous vs going to vs future simple active grammar 27 20210630-1227 Arrangements, plans, promises and intentions active decks deck_of_phrases_future_arrangements_plans_promises_intentions.csv 26 20190304-1037 Future forms active grammar 25 20190418-1837 Future forms B2 01 active decks deck_of_phrases_future_forms.csv 24 2 20230123 hw20230126 Role play - Future forms to obtain a bank loan for expansion active role_play Recycle new expressions and language. → practise future forms (arrangements, plans, promises and intentions) Your company needs to expand. Explain what you will need to be doing to convince a bank to lend you money. ✓ we are signing a new contract for a big customer (present continuous → arrangement) ✓ we are going to build a new plant (going to → intention based on visible evidence) ✓ as soon as we receive a loan we will be recruiting new scientists (as soon as = when → present simple for a future action) ✓ we will be employing more staff in sales ✓ the market will be growing ✓ we will have penetrated the African market by year 6 (because there is much sun) (future perfect → time marker) ✓ we will have finished building a new plant by year 8 ✓ it will maximise our turnover (future simple → promise) You are a bank manager. Ask how your customer is going to pay back their loan. You do understand we shall be needing some auditors' reports, don't you? What collateral can you provide? How are you planning to pay us back on time? Aren't you going to need more resources? What will you do as soon as you obtain this loan? (as soon as = when → present simple for a future action) When do you think you'll have broken even? What return on investment will you be reaching by year 3? What guarantees have you got that your supply chain won't be disrupted by some economic crisis? 23 collateral = guarantee 22 other else Now we have customers who are involved to in our solutions You're talking about saying that you are not sure if we can return money to you pay you back If we had deployed this decision solution in the past last year, our customers would have saved about 50M roubles from potential default potentially bankrupt clients We will be rent (OR will be renting) office space to build a new cloud infrastructure We will not have rent be renting new offices for our new staff because 90% of staff will be working remotely ]]> 20260811 18:15-19:15 1 3000 -3000 + 6000 = 3000 active Compulsory military drafting and mobilisation threats in the Russian Federation: socio-economic repercussions and strategic trade-offs (2/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> C1 Politics 21 1 Economic effects of military conscription on labour markets Economic effects of military conscription on labour markets: an international comparison, How armed conflicts affect supply chains, investment and migration active wip 3 edit_short_reading_floating prep_short_reading_floating pix/icons8-listen-100_white.png pix/icons8-reading-100_white.png Does military conscription involve significant economic trade-offs? economic_effects_of_military_conscription/does_military_conscription_involve_significant_economic_trade_offs.mp3 [ T | F ] Compulsory military service inevitably damages long-term economic growth because no country has maintained both national security and internationally competitive industries. trade-offs = necessary compromises between competing objectives institutional design = structure of public policies and organisations [ T | F ] Businesses experiencing labour shortages should primarily increase production targets instead of adapting their workforce strategy because disruption is usually temporary. operational resilience = ability to continue functioning despite disruption targeted retraining = focused development of new job skills [ T | F ] Armed conflicts can influence international investment decisions even if they do not affect every business sector in the same way. foreign direct investment = long-term overseas business investment [ T | F ] Only one policy model can successfully balance national defence requirements with sustainable economic performance. competitive remuneration = salary and benefits designed to attract workers trained reserves = military personnel available after periodic training [ T | F ] Maintaining predictable legal frameworks and cooperation between government, education providers and employers can reduce some of the economic costs associated with compulsory military service. regulatory certainty = predictable legal and regulatory environment skills gap = difference between workforce skills and employer requirements [ T | F ] Increased public expenditure on defence automatically improves private-sector investment because government spending always stimulates commercial activity. crowding out = reduction of private investment because public spending increases public expenditure = government spending { T | F ] It is vital to compare different national models instead of assuming that one approach to military service will always produce identical economic outcomes. comparative analysis = evaluation by systematically comparing different cases competing priorities = objectives that cannot all be maximised simultaneously Economic Effects of Military Conscription on Labour Markets: An International Comparison Economic Effects of Military Conscription on Labour Markets: An International Comparison D.Potter - ChatGPT 20260804
Military conscription has long been regarded as a means of strengthening national defence, yet it also creates significant economic trade-offs. Governments introducing compulsory service must balance security requirements against the efficient allocation of labour. During periods of heightened geopolitical tension, businesses may encounter a tightening labour market as working-age employees become temporarily unavailable. Consequently, firms often need to reallocate resources, revise production schedules and invest in automation to safeguard operational resilience. ]]> History illustrates that the economic consequences vary considerably across countries. Finland, Switzerland and South Korea have maintained systems of compulsory military service while continuing to develop internationally competitive industries. Their success has depended partly on predictable legal frameworks, extensive reserve systems and long-term workforce planning. By contrast, large-scale mobilisation during major wars has frequently reduced civilian production, disrupted supply chains and diverted public expenditure towards defence procurement, thereby crowding out selected private investment. ]]> Armed conflicts may also reshape migration patterns and international investment decisions. Skilled workers sometimes relocate to jurisdictions offering greater stability, while multinational corporations reassess political risk before committing capital. Foreign direct investment may decline if uncertainty persists, although domestic enterprises occasionally identify opportunities to substitute imports or expand production for local markets. Such adjustments rarely eliminate the initial disruption and often require considerable financial and managerial resources before productivity recovers. ]]> From a business perspective, labour shortages seldom affect every sector equally. Construction, manufacturing, logistics and information technology may experience acute recruitment difficulties, whereas other industries adapt through flexible working arrangements, digital transformation or targeted retraining. Employers therefore face the challenge of preserving institutional knowledge while maintaining commercial competitiveness. In many economies, collaboration between government, educational institutions and private employers has proved instrumental in narrowing emerging skills gaps. ]]> Policy responses inevitably involve competing priorities. One approach is to maintain broad compulsory service supported by generous employment protections for reservists. A second option is to rely primarily on voluntary recruitment reinforced by competitive remuneration. A third strategy combines a relatively small professional force with technologically advanced reserve capabilities and periodic training. Each model distributes economic costs differently, demonstrating that successful policy depends not only on military objectives but also on sound governance, regulatory certainty and sustained investment in human capital. ]]> trade-offs = necessary compromises between competing objectives allocation of labour = distribution of workers across economic activities tightening labour market = situation in which employers find recruitment increasingly difficult operational resilience = ability to continue functioning despite disruption crowding out = reduction of private activity because public spending or borrowing increases defence procurement = process of purchasing military equipment and services foreign direct investment = long-term investment by overseas companies in domestic businesses political risk = possibility that government actions or instability affect business operations institutional knowledge = expertise accumulated within organisation over time regulatory certainty = predictable legal and regulatory environment human capital = knowledge, skills and experience contributing to economic productivity
trade-offs = necessary compromises between competing objectives allocation of labour = distribution of workers across economic activities tightening labour market = situation in which employers find recruitment increasingly difficult operational resilience = ability to continue functioning despite disruption crowding out = reduction of private activity because public spending or borrowing increases defence procurement = process of purchasing military equipment and services foreign direct investment = long-term investment by overseas companies in domestic businesses political risk = possibility that government actions or instability affect business operations institutional knowledge = expertise accumulated within organisation over time regulatory certainty = predictable legal and regulatory environment human capital = knowledge, skills and experience contributing to economic productivity institutional design = structure of public policies and organisations targeted retraining = focused development of new job skills competitive remuneration = salary and benefits designed to attract workers trained reserves = military personnel available after periodic training skills gap = difference between workforce skills and employer requirements substitute imports = replace foreign products with domestic production productivity = output generated from available resources public expenditure = government spending comparative analysis = evaluation by systematically comparing different cases competing priorities = objectives that cannot all be maximised simultaneously to muster in = to formally enrol, enlist, or bring someone into military service C1 Politics 20 1 Compulsory Military Drafting and Mobilisation Threats in the Russian Federation: Socio-Economic Repercussions and Strategic Trade-Offs active wip edit_short_reading_floating prep_short_reading_floating pix/icons8-reading-100_white.png What are the positive and negative results of compulsory military drafting and threats of mobilisation for households, society, migration, macro and micro-economics of the Russian Federation? What evidence suggests that Russia's financial incentive model for military recruitment is approaching the limits of its effectiveness? attritional war = conflict where victory is achieved through gradual depletion of the opponent's resources net manpower deficit = situation where losses exceed new recruitment How does the militarisation of the Russian economy create a tension between short-term industrial activity and long-term productive capacity? militarisation = process of organising society and economy for military purposes productive capacity = maximum output an economy can sustain over the long term without inflation What legal and constitutional provisions underpin compulsory military service in Russia, and how have these been amended since 2022? conscription = compulsory enlistment for military service mobilisation reserve = pool of trained individuals liable for call-up in emergency Why does the Kremlin appear reluctant to impose a comprehensive mobilisation with exit restrictions, despite mounting manpower shortages? social contract = implicit agreement between state and citizens regarding mutual obligations political fallout = adverse consequences for a government's popularity or stability What are the macroeconomic indicators that suggest Russia's war economy is facing structural stress? structural stress = underlying strain on economic systems that may not be immediately visible diminishing returns = principle that additional inputs yield progressively smaller increases in output How does labour shortage manifest across different sectors of the Russian economy, and what are its root causes? negative selection = systemic loss of high-quality human capital wage inflation = general increase in wages that can fuel broader price rises What contradictory strategic options exist for mitigating resistance to mobilisation, and what trade-offs does each entail? strategic trade-off = sacrifice of one objective to achieve another comprehensive mobilisation = full-scale compulsory enlistment of all eligible citizens How has Russia's approach to military recruitment evolved since 2022, and what does this evolution reveal about the sustainability of its war effort? sustainability = capacity to maintain a course of action over the long term without depletion of resources coercive measures = actions that compel compliance through pressure or force rather than voluntary choice Compulsory Military Drafting and Mobilisation Threats in the Russian Federation: Socio-Economic Repercussions and Strategic Trade-Offs The Socio-Economic Calculus of Compulsory Military Drafting in Russia D.Potter - DeepSeek 20260805
attritional campaign = military strategy of wearing down the enemy through sustained losses opportunity cost = value of the best alternative foregone when a choice is made negative selection = process by which a system disproportionately loses high-quality individuals diminishing marginal returns = principle that additional investment yields progressively smaller gains social contract = implicit agreement between state and citizens regarding rights and obligations fiscal prioritisation = allocation of public funds to certain expenditures at the expense of others stark = unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid; terrible acute = very serious or severe exacerbate = to make sth worse, especially a disease or problem backlash = (against sth) | ~ (from sb) strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society conspicuous = easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention fraught = full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers
19 attritional war = conflict where victory is achieved through gradual depletion of the opponent's resources attritional campaign = military strategy of wearing down the enemy through sustained losses net manpower deficit = situation where losses exceed new recruitment militarisation = process of organising society and economy for military purposes productive capacity = maximum output an economy can sustain over the long term without inflation conscription = compulsory enlistment for military service mobilisation reserve = pool of trained individuals liable for call-up in emergency social contract = implicit agreement between state and citizens regarding mutual obligations political fallout = adverse consequences for a government's popularity or stability structural stress = underlying strain on economic systems that may not be immediately visible diminishing returns = principle that additional inputs yield progressively smaller increases in output diminishing marginal returns = principle that additional investment yields progressively smaller gains negative selection = systemic loss of high-quality human capital wage inflation = general increase in wages that can fuel broader price rises strategic trade-off = sacrifice of one objective to achieve another comprehensive mobilisation = full-scale compulsory enlistment of all eligible citizens opportunity cost = value of the best alternative foregone when a choice is made negative selection = process by which a system disproportionately loses high-quality individuals fiscal prioritisation = allocation of public funds to certain expenditures at the expense of others stark = unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid; terrible acute = very serious or severe to exacerbate = to make sth worse, especially a disease or problem backlash (against sth) | ~ (from sb) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society conspicuous = easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention fraught = full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers 18 suggest offer our solution We abandoned from it (OR we departed from this solution) ]]> 20260804 18:15-19:15 1 6000 20260806 3000 -3000 + 3000 +6000 = 6000 active Compulsory military drafting and mobilisation threats in the Russian Federation: socio-economic repercussions and strategic trade-offs (1/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> C1 Politics 17 1 Compulsory Military Drafting and Mobilisation Threats in the Russian Federation: Socio-Economic Repercussions and Strategic Trade-Offs active wip edit_short_reading_floating prep_short_reading_floating pix/icons8-reading-100_white.png What are the positive and negative results of compulsory military drafting and threats of mobilisation for households, society, migration, macro and micro-economics of the Russian Federation? What evidence suggests that Russia's financial incentive model for military recruitment is approaching the limits of its effectiveness? attritional war = conflict where victory is achieved through gradual depletion of the opponent's resources net manpower deficit = situation where losses exceed new recruitment How does the militarisation of the Russian economy create a tension between short-term industrial activity and long-term productive capacity? militarisation = process of organising society and economy for military purposes productive capacity = maximum output an economy can sustain over the long term without inflation What legal and constitutional provisions underpin compulsory military service in Russia, and how have these been amended since 2022? conscription = compulsory enlistment for military service mobilisation reserve = pool of trained individuals liable for call-up in emergency Why does the Kremlin appear reluctant to impose a comprehensive mobilisation with exit restrictions, despite mounting manpower shortages? social contract = implicit agreement between state and citizens regarding mutual obligations political fallout = adverse consequences for a government's popularity or stability What are the macroeconomic indicators that suggest Russia's war economy is facing structural stress? structural stress = underlying strain on economic systems that may not be immediately visible diminishing returns = principle that additional inputs yield progressively smaller increases in output How does labour shortage manifest across different sectors of the Russian economy, and what are its root causes? negative selection = systemic loss of high-quality human capital wage inflation = general increase in wages that can fuel broader price rises What contradictory strategic options exist for mitigating resistance to mobilisation, and what trade-offs does each entail? strategic trade-off = sacrifice of one objective to achieve another comprehensive mobilisation = full-scale compulsory enlistment of all eligible citizens How has Russia's approach to military recruitment evolved since 2022, and what does this evolution reveal about the sustainability of its war effort? sustainability = capacity to maintain a course of action over the long term without depletion of resources coercive measures = actions that compel compliance through pressure or force rather than voluntary choice Compulsory Military Drafting and Mobilisation Threats in the Russian Federation: Socio-Economic Repercussions and Strategic Trade-Offs The Socio-Economic Calculus of Compulsory Military Drafting in Russia D.Potter - DeepSeek 20260805
attritional campaign = military strategy of wearing down the enemy through sustained losses opportunity cost = value of the best alternative foregone when a choice is made negative selection = process by which a system disproportionately loses high-quality individuals diminishing marginal returns = principle that additional investment yields progressively smaller gains social contract = implicit agreement between state and citizens regarding rights and obligations fiscal prioritisation = allocation of public funds to certain expenditures at the expense of others stark = unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid; terrible acute = very serious or severe exacerbate = to make sth worse, especially a disease or problem backlash = (against sth) | ~ (from sb) strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society conspicuous = easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention fraught = full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers
16 attritional war = conflict where victory is achieved through gradual depletion of the opponent's resources attritional campaign = military strategy of wearing down the enemy through sustained losses net manpower deficit = situation where losses exceed new recruitment militarisation = process of organising society and economy for military purposes productive capacity = maximum output an economy can sustain over the long term without inflation conscription = compulsory enlistment for military service mobilisation reserve = pool of trained individuals liable for call-up in emergency social contract = implicit agreement between state and citizens regarding mutual obligations political fallout = adverse consequences for a government's popularity or stability structural stress = underlying strain on economic systems that may not be immediately visible diminishing returns = principle that additional inputs yield progressively smaller increases in output diminishing marginal returns = principle that additional investment yields progressively smaller gains negative selection = systemic loss of high-quality human capital wage inflation = general increase in wages that can fuel broader price rises strategic trade-off = sacrifice of one objective to achieve another comprehensive mobilisation = full-scale compulsory enlistment of all eligible citizens opportunity cost = value of the best alternative foregone when a choice is made negative selection = process by which a system disproportionately loses high-quality individuals fiscal prioritisation = allocation of public funds to certain expenditures at the expense of others stark = unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid; terrible acute = very serious or severe to exacerbate = to make sth worse, especially a disease or problem backlash (against sth) | ~ (from sb) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society conspicuous = easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention fraught = full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers 15 'm afraid for 'm worried about | fear for my holiday In the By | According to the law each company must send data about their employees to the military centre/station I don't know who are they are You can abandon to use give up using | refuse to use WeChat Without this application you can't do something anything He 'd never know met him I decided to create order a new passport Vera earlier said told me that... I saved a lot of money when I used the past price exchange rate ]]> totalitarian /ˌtəutælɪˈtɛərɪən/ authoritarian /ɔ:ˌθɔrɪˈtɛərɪən/ politician /ˌpɔlɪˈtɪʃən/ 20260728 18:15-19:15 1 6000 20260727 3000 -3000 + 0 +6000 = +3000 active Case study: Vladimirsky Standard meat processing plant suspends operations By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> 14 1 Case study: Vladimirsky Standard meat processing plant suspends operations active wip edit_short_reading_floating prep_short_reading_floating pix/icons8-reading-100_white.png When is it worth saving a business from bankruptcy? What tale tell signs suggest the plant may file for bankruptcy? 〆interruptions in the supply of raw materials, spices, and casings 〆multimillion-dollar debts and lawsuits 〆creditors seeking bankruptcy 〆200 people have resigned from the plant in the past month 〆another 4,000 people are without pay or work 〆customers returning products What would be an optimal strategy to save the business? ✓ encourage employees to take sick leave ✓ push for vacation ✓ evaluate & prioritise risks with financial modelling ✓ continue producing for a retail group and sell under another established brand name ✓ employ staff at a loss → save jobs = prefer a social solution to a financial one What BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement) should you try negotiating? 〆not big enough a player to be nationalised ✓ find a bigger competitor to take over the business → save assets = take advantage of your competitor's existing supply chain and distribution channels What could be a worst case scenario? ✓ face cases of food poisoning ✓ file for bankruptcy ✓ seize assets ✓ sell for recovering debts One of Russia's largest sausage producers is on the brink of bankruptcy and has suspended production One of Russia's largest sausage producers is on the brink of bankruptcy and has suspended production Moscow Times Moscow Times
One of Russia's largest sausage producers is on the brink of bankruptcy and has suspended production The Vladimirsky Standard meat processing plant has suspended operations and placed its staff on forced leave, Rail Yalilov, CEO of the plant, told Mash. The company, one of the country's top 20 sausage producers, is facing multimillion-dollar debts and lawsuits, with creditors seeking bankruptcy. According to the channel, 200 people have resigned from the plant, located in the closed city of Raduzhny in the Vladimir region, in the past month, and another 4,000 are without pay or work. ]]> The Moscow Times ]]> suspend = to officially stop sth for a time; to prevent sth from being active, used, etc. for a time; to officially delay sth; to arrange for sth to happen later than planned forced leave = occurs when an employer requires an employee to take time off work against their will. Can be paid (deducted from accrued PTO) or unpaid, and is typically implemented for business shutdowns, to reduce excess leave balances, or during a workplace investigation idle = (of machines, factories, etc.) not in use; (of people) without work; unemployed defendant = person in a court of law who is accused of committing a crime, or who is being sued by another person arrears /əˈrɪəz/ = money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time tale tell = clear, revealing clue or indicator that gives away a hidden fact, problem, or truth
13 3 SWOT analysis Preparing & delivering a SWOT analysis pix/icons8-lecturer-100_white.png active prep_2columns_2qa edit_2columns_2qa Strengths
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]]> 12 to suspend = to officially stop sth for a time; to prevent sth from being active, used, etc. for a time; to officially delay sth; to arrange for sth to happen later than planned forced leave | compulsory leave = occurs when an employer requires an employee to take time off work against their will. Can be paid (deducted from accrued PTO) or unpaid, and is typically implemented for business shutdowns, to reduce excess leave balances, or during a workplace investigation idle = (of machines, factories, etc.) not in use; (of people) without work; unemployed defendant = person in a court of law who is accused of committing a crime, or who is being sued by another person arrears /əˈrɪəz/ = money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time to be in arrears | get / fall into arrears = to be late in paying money that you owe tale tell = clear, revealing clue or indicator that gives away a hidden fact, problem, or truth 11 reduct reduce their staff I don't know that if people still haven't bought dont' buy Tesla cars Your people couldn't wouldn't be reducted made redundant ]]> 20260714 18:15-19:15 1 3000 20260714 3000 -3000 + 0 +3000= 0 active Role play - Turning up trumps to achieve a deal By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> 10 4 Role play - Turning up trumps to achieve a deal role_play active Recycle new expressions and language. Keep an ace up your sleeve! Don't put all your cards on the table right from the start. → you want to turn up trumps = do what is necessary to make a particular situation successful ]]> ✓ set objectives ✓ explore positions (→ active listening) ✓ establish common goals ✓ make an offer ✓ use 'if' + 2nd conditional ✓ make concessions & compromise ✓ review, double-check you understand ✓ accept the deal ✓ reach an agreement ✓ follow up the deal ✓ keep the conversation open Don't put the cart before the horses! ]]> I'll go along with... ✓ disagree with some objectives 〆stall for time and/or defer decision 〆refuse a few offers ✓ use 'if' + 1st conditional 〆don't compromise → demand concessions ✓ reach an agreement ✓ follow up the deal 9 to you I can describe (it) to you Your team are spending a lot of time to on these activities You can write to me 24 per 7 You can rapidly integrate to our system You can spend more time than you early expected could count on | were allowed earlier It depends on our bureaucracy bureaucratic (= negative!) | administrative processes in our bank You will share results to with the Central Bank and didn't won't get some reports (default warnings) from them Like (As) I said we are depending depend only on... We can wait a lot of times time | a long time I'm not can't guarantee you that... ]]> automatically /,ɔ:təu'mætikli:/ 20260709 18:15-19:15 1 -3000 + 3000 = 0 active Role plays - Describing hypothetical results By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> 8 2 Role play (mixed conditionals) Describing hypothetical results from the past and now (mixed conditionals) active role_play Recycle new expressions and language. You have been working on an important project 6 months - with no results. You now regret your boss hadn't told you not only what to achieve, but also how to achieve your objectives. Complain to your boss. Ask for more support. 〆unclear objectives 〆urgent tasks 〆not enough AI tokens for developers 〆recruited not sufficiently qualified staff If you gave me more clear tasks at our weekly briefings I wouldn't have chosen the wrong solution. (mixed conditional type 1) I wouldn't be late now if you had told me exactly what you wanted from me! (mixed conditional type 2) If I had known about this solution earlier I would now be able to finish our current project on time.(mixed conditional type 2) Had we known some of our team members aren't experienced enough to deal with given tasks, we wouldn't have wasted precious weeks on tasks beyond their qualifications. If I were part of the management team I would have had a deeper understanding of the end result and required skills. If I hadn't been distracted by urgent tasks I could have completed all tasks in due time. If we weren't undermanned, we could have addressed all issues! Had developers been allowed more tokens to leverage AI we could have patched bugs faster... Had you recruited developers who can really write code without AI assistance, we could have reduced our time to market! You are not satisfied by the work completed by your team member. You think he/she has wasted time experimenting different solutions instead of getting the job done. If you hadn't tried different solutions you wouldn't be late now (mixed conditional type 2) If I had thought you were not competent enough I wouldn't have assigned you this task in the first place! (mixed conditional type 1) If you had better time management skills you would have completed all additional tasks on time (mixed conditional type 2) If we recruited more staff, would you have been able to achieve your KPIs? If you'd been included in the recruiting process, would you have been able to spot weaker candidates? Had you been communicating more regularly with your team members, we could have addressed the scope of responsibilities of each and every person earlier. Would you have dealt with all those glitches if AI tokens hadn't been a bottleneck for developers in the first place? Would our company be more profitable if we'd taken up fewer projects without recruiting more staff or relying on AI? Are you saying we could have slashed time to market if we hadn't been using AI?! 7 undermanned = not having enough workers, staff, or crew members to operate effectively. An undermanned organisation, department, or ship struggles to function properly because it lacks the requisite number of personnel to handle its workload 6 to don't not to care when I watched it My mum catched caught me while I watched was watching it She couldn't do sth anything to avoid prevent me watchfrom watching it You don't aren't splitting it to for | among different persons You must should have been said how we should do our tasks He spent all tokens to on another other tasks This problem started from recently ]]> 20260707 18:15-19:15 1 6000 20260703 -3000 + 0 + 6000= 3000 active Role plays - Negotiating salary & compensation package Role plays - experience & behavioural questions Mock interviews 15 By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details Meeting ID: 756 4987 5350 Passcode: 6i7BWB https://us04web.zoom.us/j/75649875350?pwd=154dMUfjzcw2ocWXHgR5oAjvGEUNBC.1 ]]> 5 20250925-1054 20200214-1824 Would rather + past simple active grammar 4 20260713-0954 Would rather + past simple vs past perfect active grammar 2 different subjects in main & subordinate clauses I'd rather + subordinate clause with past simple ← hypothetical situation in the future I'd rather + subordinate clause with past perfect ← hypothetical situation / regret in the past ]]> 3 2 Role play - Negotiating salary & compensation package active role_play When recruiters are trying to corner your expectations, should you give an exact figure? ✓ If you give me your best offer, I'll give you my best consideration → never give exact figures Recycle new expressions and language. ]]> You are a head hunter. You've spent many months trying to find the ideal candidate for a big tech. You are impressed by the CV & want to make a compelling offer. 50 000 base salary + 30% perks = 15 000 --------------------- max available 65 000 total compensation Perks - to be negotiated 1/2 40 000 yearly base salary → 50 000? 10 000 compensation for loss of earnings from current employer (e.g. bonus) 8 000 relocation package 1200 expat bonus 600 language courses 50 school books 8000+1200+600+50 = 9850 total year 1 40 000 + 10 000 + 9 850 = 59 850 50 000 + 10 000 + 9 850 = 69 850 Perks - to be negotiated 2/2 45 000 yearly base salary → 50 000? 0 relocation package 9350 expat bonus 600 language courses 50 school books 9350+600+50 = 10 000 total year 2-4 45 000 + 10 000 = 55 000 50 000 + 10 000 = 60 000 Additional financial incentives (RSU) 18 000 restricted stock units (4 years) Total compensation 18 000 RSU total year 1 45 000 + 9 850 + 18 000 = 73 850 total year 2-4 50 000 + 10 000 + 18 000 = 78 000 ]]> A head hunter has contacted you to make an offer after you'd submitted your CV. This is not your dream job but you want to keep all options in your pocket. Stall for time (the interview for your dream job is in 2 weeks!). Negotiate terms: ask for more holidays, relocation package... ✓ I'm afraid I already have some very competitive offers. ✓ I don't feel comfortable enough to share these figures with you because it is confidential. ✓ I can't give you more details but I can say that if you increased at least the base salary / compensation package / equity... I'd be happy to reconsider your offer. 2 to turn|come up trumps = to complete an activity successfully or to produce a good result, especially when you were not expected to. Comes from card games (like Whist or Bridge). A "trump" card is one that beats all other suits. Having a trump card revealed or dealt to you means sudden good fortune and a strong chance of winning the hand to quibble about / over sth = to argue or complain about a small matter or an unimportant detail wiggle room = ability to make small changes in a plan, schedule, etc., if they are needed room for manoeuvre = chance to change the way that sth happens and influence decisions that are made greedy for sth = wanting more money, power, food, etc. than you really need to discard = to get rid of sth that you no longer want or need diligent = showing care and effort in your work or duties RSU = restricted stock units resort = last course of action that you should or can take in a particular situation low-ball offer (AmEn) = slang term for an offer that is significantly below the seller's asking price, or a quote that is deliberately lower than the price the seller intends to charge. To lowball also means to deliberately give a false estimate for something to bump an offer = to enter into a contract with a buyer but continue to market the property. If the seller then receives a better offer, they can bump the original buyer to get them to waive their contingency or offer more 1 about that he with Ryan who must save the | planet Earth I'm impressed surprised that you want to make me an offer I would rather to find another company ]]>