Affirmative action

rrwcgroup5 y18rrwcgroup5 20250129

Prepare for quarterly test 〆no dictionaries 〆no language notes → complete as h/w (annotate the pdf or attach a docx file with your answers) → send back by e-mail by Friday 20230317 → time allowed: 60min (the url will be available here later) (the file will be available here later) vocab pre teach

Download onto your phone or tablet and listen carefully. directions from entrance 2 left down corridor pass cafeteria on the right lifts on the right 4th floor left down corridor up staircase left down corridor 477a from 477a right downstairs right 490a from 477a turn right down corridor to sofa room 323 room 616 as of 20180801 Hotel Navchalnikov dorog Басманный переулок, 1 Golman Aleksandr 8-903-163-18-71 or 499-262-57-57 advisor to deputy CEO Maya passenger service Tatiana law

:%s/Optional homework/

Optional homework/g

Prepare for quarterly test course outline - wish list pronunciation speaking more reading of articles as prep online attendance sheet https://disk.yandex.ru/i/osf_M0t_XFbYKQ https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA2510-1.html Vyacheslav Dubenin Chinese use both parts of their brains (because their language depends on images) Europeans use only one side of their brains 20240327 63 yo Nadezhda 20250123 У РЖД договор с компанией Skills First, они знают что Дункан к ним приходит о школы Skills First. Если ты уже упоминал Ready Skill, ничего страшного, можно сказать что это группа компаний. Ready Skill занимается массовыми проектами, Skills First бутиковая школа для ВИП клиентов ]]> xml sbook_plugins/wordlist_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook_for_sbook_session.inc АНО ДПО "Корпоративный университет РЖД" RRWC GR5 БеловаТ.А. belovata@list.ru Давыдов С.В. serhio@yandex.ru Marina Grigorieva grigorievamv@center.rzd.ru 25 yo son Шекшуева А.С. shekshuevaas@yandex.ru Михайлова Н.Б. nadinemikh@yandex.ru Lisa Demchenko demchenko.elizaveta2016@yandex.ru 20240626 18:10-19:30 2 active WRI | Versioning a self-introduction with AI WRI | Review of stylistic & grammatical mistakes in writing (1/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Quarterly test 〆no dictionaries 〆no language notes → complete as h/w → deadline Friday 20240621 → time allowed: 60min Quarterly test (on-line version)

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 recommended for Anna, Tatiana & Sergey]]> 20240619 hw20240626_n1 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png 1 recommended for Marina & Nadezhda]]> 20240619 hw20240626_n2 active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png 1 Versioning different self-introductions (optional homework) 20240619 hw20240626_n2 active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png At what occasions do you need a self-introduction? How different are they from each other? https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp ChatGPT → check mistakes → rephrase & improve language https://chatgpt.com/ Chatsonic → use suggested prompts to refine AI generated answers e.g. make more engaging https://writesonic.com/chat DeepL Write → copy-paste refined text from AI into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]>

Human made draft (HMD)

AI refined version (ARV)

Human revised version (HRV)

]]> → what mistakes can you find in this first version (HMD)? → how can you improve the generated text? ]]> → what expressions are worth keeping/recycling in this first answer by AI (ARV)? ]]> → what mistakes can you find in this first answer by AI (ARV)? ]]> → what mistakes can you find in this 2nd answer by AI (ARV2)? → has rephrasing the prompt help avoid the mistakes from ARV? ]]> → what expressions are worth keeping/recycling in this 2nd answer by AI (ARV2)? ]]> → are there any narrative mistakes in this 2nd answer by AI (ARV2)? → what better arguments could be included? ]]> Human revised version → what have you added that makes your version less anonymous? → could AI or anyone else have generated your version? → is it both unique & memorable (i.e. without cliches)? ]]> 2 Role play active role_play Recycle new expressions and language. You were a keynote speaker at an international conference. The event is now almost over, you are now enjoying some cocktails at the buffet. Some people were attending other lectures and therefore don't know who you are. Socialise with them. You think you are an outstanding expert! → introduce yourself → answer questions → disagree using a touch of humour I am honoured to have been giving a lecture here at... I am an expert in the field of... I have extensive knowledge and experience in... In an era characterized by complex trade agreements, geopolitical shifts, and technological advancements, the role of... I contribute to the successful development of... Thank you for the opportunity to... You were short-listed for being a keynote speaker but couldn't make it in time for the opening ceremony. You are a little upset. You wish you had been able to attend your partner's lecture because you have similar interests, though contradictory views... You think you are a better specialist! → introduce yourself → ask tricky questions → disagree in a polite but assertive way As a seasoned professional in this field, I have witnessed first hand... My work is defined by... I stand at the intersection of... In this era of rapid globalization, my role of... Thank you for your time & attention, I have really enjoyed talking to you about... 1 pix/icons8-microscope-100_white.png Stylistic & grammatical mistakes 20240626 hw20240703 active wip xml_multi_dd_row 22 10 left 1 2 3 4;5 6 7;8 9 10 the managers, team members and ~~the~~ consultants were satisfied ← zero article 〆All the managers, the team members and the consultants working on this project were satisfied ← definite article because of the defining clause 'working on this project' In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last. 〆Developers, testers, and technical writers ✓ Developers, testers and technical writers 〆The developers, the testers, and technical writers ✓ The developers, the testers and the technical writers Don't repeat the negative form in the main clause. Under no circumstances ~~shouldn't~~ should you ask for help A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject. 〆Skilled & well-supported, the project was certainly feasible by the trainee. ✓ Because the trainee was skilled & well-supported, the project was certainly feasible. 〆Being almost bankrupt, the venture capitalist took over the company at little cost. ✓ Because the company was almost bankrupt, the venture capitalist took it over at little cost. Don't use full stops instead of commas. The presentation was delivered by a salesperson~~. Obviously~~ obviously lacking expertise in this field. Use modifiers before the word they modify. Not All the members were ~~not~~ present. He ~~only~~ found only the two biggest mistakes. Inversion in the restrictive clause Not only did he ~~sent~~ send a message, he also rang Inversion in the main clause Not until he compared prices did he ~~accepted~~ accept the offer --> ]]> to exert = to use power or influence to affect sb/sth 20240619 18:10-19:30 2 active WRI | Drafting a self-introduction with AI By the end of this session you will have studied Quarterly test 〆no dictionaries 〆no language notes → complete as h/w → deadline Friday 20240621 → time allowed: 60min Quarterly test (on-line version)

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 Drafting different self-introductions 20240605 hw20240619_n1 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240619.xml Quarterly test (logs) active wip quarterly_test_logs test_log_MikhaylovaNadezhda_20240611_1518_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240619.xml test_log_MARINAGRIGORYEVA_20240614_1516_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240619.xml test_log_AnnaShekshueva_20240619_0115_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240619.xml test_log_SergeyDavydov_20240619_1716_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240619.xml test_log_Tatyana_20240716_2142_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240619.xml 1 Drafting different self-introductions 20240619 hw20240626_n1 active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Is there any ideal self-introduction for all situations? How can you draft different versions with the help of AI? https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp ChatGPT → check mistakes → rephrase & improve language https://chatgpt.com/ Chatsonic → use suggested prompts to refine AI generated answers e.g. make more engaging https://writesonic.com/chat DeepL Write → copy-paste refined text from AI into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]>

Human made draft (HMD) I am an expert in the field of international logistics. I have extensive knowledge and experience in managing complex supply chains, optimizing logistics processes and solving problems associated with international cargo transportation. My expertise includes developing delivery strategies, risk management and compliance with international standards and requirements. I contribute to the successful development of my clients' businesses by striving to provide an effective and reliable solution to their logistics problems.

AI refined version (ARV) Ladies and gentlemen, esteemed colleagues, and honored guests, Welcome to a journey through the world of international logistics, where precision meets passion, and global connectivity is our canvas. As an international logistics specialist, I stand at the intersection of innovation and execution, orchestrating seamless supply chain solutions that transcend borders and redefine possibilities. Picture a world where time zones are opportunities, and oceans are mere pathways to new horizons. In this world, I navigate the complexities of customs, regulations, and diverse cultures with the finesse of a maestro, harmonizing the symphony of trade and commerce. Every shipment becomes a story, and every destination a stage for our logistical theatrics. From the bustling ports of Shanghai to the ancient markets of Marrakech, I weave a tapestry of efficiency, reliability, and unwavering commitment to excellence. In this era of rapid globalization, the role of an international logistics specialist transcends mere coordination; it is an art form, an ode to the seamless movement of goods and ideas across continents. Join me in embracing the art of global logistics mastery, where every challenge is an opportunity, and every delivery is a triumph of human ingenuity. Thank you for embarking on this exhilarating voyage with me.

AI refined version #2 (ARV2) I am honored to present to you the pivotal role of an international logistics specialist in today's global economy. As a seasoned professional in this field, I have witnessed firsthand the intricate web of operations that underpin the movement of goods across international borders. Our work is defined by meticulous planning, rigorous compliance, and unwavering commitment to efficiency. In an era characterized by complex trade agreements, geopolitical shifts, and technological advancements, the role of an international logistics specialist has evolved into that of a strategic navigator, adept at mitigating risks and optimizing supply chain networks. Our ability to synchronize the flow of goods with precision and timeliness is instrumental in sustaining the competitiveness of businesses worldwide. I invite you to delve into the nuanced world of international logistics, where attention to detail is paramount, and adaptability is non-negotiable. It is through our collective expertise and dedication that we facilitate the seamless movement of goods, enabling global trade to thrive. Thank you for the opportunity to shed light on the indispensable role of international logistics specialists in driving global commerce forward.

]]> Rephrase the following text and correct mistakes. Use neither formal nor informal language. Avoid emphatic register. Avoid phrasal verbs. → what mistakes can you find in this first version (HMD)? → how can you improve the generated text? ]]> Find more advanced expressions to paraphrase the following (i.e. the previous) self-introduction. Use a more engaging style with literary metaphors. → what expressions are worth keeping/recycling in this first answer by AI (ARV)? ]]> seamless supply chain solutions that transcend borders and redefine possibilities = business collocations ✓ Every shipment becomes a story, and every destination a stage = simple, yet memorable, metaphor ✓ Picture a world where time zones are opportunities = original idea perhaps worth developing with the tone of a subject-matter expert ✓|〆every delivery is a triumph of human ingenuity = perhaps too emphatic?... → consider recycling perhaps at the end of a toast ]]> Find more advanced expressions to paraphrase the following (i.e. the previous) self-introduction. Use a more engaging style with literary metaphors. → what mistakes can you find in this first answer by AI (ARV)? ]]> where precision meets passion, and global connectivity is our canvas 〆I stand at the intersection of innovation and execution, orchestrating seamless supply chain solutions 〆oceans are mere pathways to new horizons 〆I navigate the complexities of customs, regulations, and diverse cultures with the finesse of a maestro, harmonizing the symphony of trade and commerce 〆a stage for our logistical theatrics 〆I weave a tapestry of efficiency, reliability, and unwavering commitment to excellence 〆 it is an art form, an ode to the seamless movement of goods and ideas across continents 〆Join me in embracing the art of global logistics mastery = too emphatic ]]> theatrics = dramatic performances; (often disapproving) ways of behaving and speaking that are like a performance on a stage and are intended to attract attention Make the following (i.e. the previous) less emphatic and more business-oriented. → what mistakes can you find in this 2nd answer by AI (ARV2)? → has rephrasing the prompt help avoid the mistakes from ARV? ]]> Make the following (i.e. the previous) less emphatic and more business-oriented. → what expressions are worth keeping/recycling in this 2nd answer by AI (ARV2)? ]]> pivotal role of an international logistics specialist in today's global economy ✓ In an era characterized by complex trade agreements, geopolitical shifts, and technological advancements, the role of an international logistics specialist has evolved into that of a strategic navigator, adept at mitigating risks and optimizing supply chain networks ✓ ability to synchronize the flow of goods with precision and timeliness is instrumental in sustaining the competitiveness of businesses worldwide ✓ adaptability is non-negotiable ]]> pivotal = of great importance because other things depend on it Make the following (i.e. the previous) less emphatic and more business-oriented. → are there any narrative mistakes in this 2nd answer by AI (ARV2)? → what better arguments could be included in this self-introduction? ]]> Thank you for the opportunity to shed light on the indispensable role of international logistics specialists in driving global commerce forward. = perhaps rather cliche → think of something more original for a stronger ending ]]> Which version(s) seems more adequate? ARV #2 ✓ only v.few metaphors ✓ not excessive or emphatic language 〆no metrics → consider using this version of a self-introduction for the closing ceremony of a seminar 1 Versioning different self-introductions (optional homework) 20240619 hw20240626_n2 active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png At what occasions do you need a self-introduction? How different are they from each other? https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp ChatGPT → check mistakes → rephrase & improve language https://chatgpt.com/ Chatsonic → use suggested prompts to refine AI generated answers e.g. make more engaging https://writesonic.com/chat DeepL Write → copy-paste refined text from AI into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]>

Human made draft (HMD)

AI refined version (ARV)

Human revised version (HRV)

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 2 Writing a self-introduction with AI 20240529 hw20240505 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png deadline: 20240221 --> ]]> Sbook - WRI 1 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Describing challenges & achievements Expressions to emphasise achievements in a self-introduction active wip xml_multi_dd_row Can you describe your challenges & achievements? 28 6 left 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 Preparing a self-introduction 20240529 hw20240505 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa How do you write a catchy self-introduction? deadline: 20240221 --> ]]> Say hello to John Doe, the near-mythical creature in the realm of software development who not only masters the dark arts of distributed backend systems and microservice architecture but does so with an effortless flair that would make lesser mortals swoon. With his profound expertise in crafting scalable server APIs and a deep dive into the caverns of MongoDB, Cassandra, and Memcached, John’s not just playing in the big leagues—he’s making the rules. Dare to peek into the JVM ecosystem, and you’ll find John there, juggling Java and Scala with one hand tied behind his back, while also speaking Go and Hack as fluently as the tech gods themselves. And oh, let’s not forget his smooth moves with Unix-like operating systems and SQL—talk about a tech maestro! Now, while John has dazzled in the high towers of Afazon, Unter, Infinity, and Zantex, leading teams with the finesse of a chess grandmaster, he chooses to keep his boots on the ground. Yes, despite the siren call of management, our hero opts to stay in the action—front and centre—where the tech battles are fiercest. So, if you’re thinking John’s just another tech lead, think again. He’s the wizard in the shadows, the brain behind the operation, the guy who’s as invaluable in the tech trenches as he is leading the charge from the front. Ready to be out-teched? John’s your man, turning tech challenges into child’s play with a wink and a smile. ]]> ✓ whet the appetite & make a memorable impression ✓ show you are probably accessible despite senior position or substantial experience 〆W.Churchill wasn't accessible in spite of his humour ✓ humour is a positive emotion → good start for storytelling to whet the appetite = to increase desire for or interest in sth ✓ break the rules = 3rd person self-introduction ✓ learn by making mistakes → brainstorm different versions & choose a little from each → identify relevant metaphors e.g. companies like high towers 〆depends on the corporate culture (probably a start-up) 〆suggests perhaps a too young-minded spirit rather than a senior person able to take responsibilities ≠ doesn't represent the author → looks more like the portrait of a gamer metrics = measures of quantitative assessment commonly used for assessing, comparing, and tracking performance or production to alienate = to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group Which metaphors & use of language are arguably inappropriate? 〆near-mythical creature in the realm of software development 〆deep dive into the caverns 〆talk about a tech maestro! 〆leading teams with the finesse of a chess grandmaster = excessive metaphors realm /relm/ = area of activity, interest, or knowledge What logical mistakes are present? 〆leading teams with the finesse of a chess grandmaster ≠ chess grandmasters don't lead teams finesse = great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a delicate way; to deal with sth in a way that is clever but slightly dishonest with one hand tied behind his back ✓ in the LinkedIn About section → add media content with a pdf & urls ✓ focus on how you can add value ]]> 1 Writing for style - template wip active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]>

Final version #1 HRV Human made version

Final version #2 ChatGPT

Final version #3 HRV Human revised version

]]> What expressions feel 'stale' and over-used (in LinkedIn profiles)? 〆to be thrilled = often noise rather than facts → excited, happy... What expressions are too emphatic? 〆Like a seasoned sailor navigating through rough waters 〆Excited to dive in and make a splash 〆Like a cultural chameleon 〆I've built and managed teams like a conductor leading a symphony. 〆weathered organizational storms like a seasoned sailor What narrative mistakes are present? 〆a seasoned sailor navigating through rough waters does NOT bring a wealth of experience in coaching, mentoring, and corporate anthropology to my new consulting role 〆With a track record as impressive as a marathon runner crossing the finish line ≠ track record → determination 〆And let's not forget ≠ not adding an argument in favour of sth → And on a personal note 〆make a splash = to become suddenly very successful or very well known ≠ becoming well known with their next consulting project → jump on the bandwagon What paragraphs and/or ideas could be improved with more metrics? My adaptability and commitment to learning have been key in navigating through organizational changes, restructuring, and partnerships. As an internal consultant, I have tackled crisis management, set up mentoring programs across South, Central, and East Europe, and steered cross-functional teams towards success. → suggested answer As an internal consultant, I have tackled crisis management in FMCG, set up mentoring programs for Miele across South, Central, and East Europe, and steered cross-functional teams in Johnson & Johnson towards success. Which version(s) seems more adequate? → Final version #2 ✓ metrics ✓ only v.few metaphors ✓ not excessive or emphatic language 1 Drafting different self-introductions 20240605 hw20240619_n1 active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Is there any ideal self-introduction for all situations? How can you draft different versions with the help of AI? https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp ChatGPT → check mistakes → rephrase & improve language https://chatgpt.com/ Chatsonic → use suggested prompts to refine AI generated answers e.g. make more engaging https://writesonic.com/chat DeepL Write → copy-paste refined text from AI into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]>

Human made draft (HMD)

AI refined version (ARV)

Human revised version (HRV)

]]> Rephrase the following text and correct mistakes. Use neither formal nor informal language. Avoid emphatic register. Avoid phrasal verbs. → what mistakes can you find in this first answer by AI (HMD)? → how can you improve the generated text? ]]> Try your own prompt(s) (ARV) → can you rephrase the prompt to avoid the above mistakes? → does it improve generated contents? ]]> What expressions feel 'stale' and over-used (for instance in LinkedIn profiles)? What expressions are too emphatic? What narrative mistakes are present? Can you revise & improve paragraphs and/or ideas? (HRV) e.g. add metrics Which version(s) seems more adequate? (...) ✓ metrics ✓ only v.few metaphors ✓ not excessive or emphatic language to whet the appetite = to increase desire for or interest in sth realm = area of activity, interest, or knowledge flair = natural ability to do sth well; quality showing the ability to do things in an interesting and imaginative way to swoon = to faint; to feel very excited, emotional, etc. about sb that you think is sexually attractive, so that you almost lose consciousness siren = device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning; (in ancient Greek stories) any of a group of sea creatures that were part woman, part bird, whose beautiful singing made sailors sail towards them into rocks or dangerous waters; woman who is very attractive or beautiful but also dangerous siren (~ voices / song / call) = temptation to do sth that seems very attractive but that will have bad results to craft = to make by hand and with much skill deep dive = in-depth examination or analysis of a topic cavern = cave, especially a large one to play in the big leagues = to work, compete, or participate in an area, echelon, or sphere of exceptional success, ability, power, achievement, etc dare = brave enough to do sth to peek into = to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it to juggle = to try to deal with two or more important jobs or activities at the same time so that you can fit all of them into your life; to organize information, figures, the money you spend, etc. in the most useful or effective way to dazzle = to blind temporarily or confuse the sight of by an excess of light; to impress or overpower (a person) with knowledge, ability, or any brilliant display or prospect finesse = great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a delicate way; to deal with sth in a way that is clever but slightly dishonest fierce = (especially of people or animals) angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening; (especially of actions or emotions) showing strong feelings or a lot of activity, often in a way that is violent trench = long deep hole dug in the ground in which soldiers can be protected from enemy attacks to lead the charge = to be one of the first to do something and leading others to do it too to wink = to close one eye and open it again quickly, especially as a private signal to sb, or to show sth is a joke; sword of Damocles = (literary) bad or unpleasant thing that might happen to you at any time and that makes you feel worried or frightened realm /relm/ siren /ˈsaɪərən/ Damocles /'dæmə,kli:z/ 20240529 18:10-19:30 2 active Refining long-form content with ChatGPT (3/3) By the end of this session you will have studied https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 5 (optional homework) Following-up a project with marketing best practice for content generation 20240522 hw20240529 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article again → choose a project relevant to your needs → answer the questions → refine your answers with AI and DeepL Chatsonic (free of charge but limited quantity of requests / month) https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> 5 (optional homework) Following-up a project with marketing best practice for content generation 20240522 hw20240529 wip active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Are you ready to map your marketing goals with your buyer's journey? https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article again → choose a project relevant to your needs → answer the questions → refine your answers with AI and DeepL Chatsonic (free of charge but limited quantity of requests / month) https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> 6 Writing practice - mapping contents to buyers' journey Writing with AI active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png How good are your copy-writing skills? https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HjFmxVoVxfJw0yaVI6wWal1F3uiscYcM6ZTkJJFY3p8/edit?usp=sharing --> ]]> Writing long-form contents guidelines ~ 3/5min brainstorming ~ 5min drafting a plan ~ 3min writing the introduction ~ 3min writing the conclusion ~ 5-8min finding examples to support the narrative ~ 8-10min finding visuals to support the narrative ~ 8-10min composition per part x 3-5 parts Guidelines for use of AI in writing ✓ give AI background information (e.g. copy-paste instructions from above) → prompt AI with a few questions → narrow down your questions → refine AI's suggested answer(s) (you may use suggestions) ✓ copy-paste or download into your googledoc → edit by hand (making use of your critical thinking skills) → add your own examples, anecdotes, localisation → copy-paste your google revised version into AI ✓ try having your text corrected and/or improved by AI (use built-in options: e.g. simplify, make more formal...) → prompt for improving style e.g. check language and make it more intelligible for level B2/C1 readers → refine AI's suggested answer(s) (you may use suggestions) → copy-paste or download into your googledoc for finalising ]]> Increased tax deductions for supporting families with many children Introduction Offer increased tax deductions specifically tailored to families with many children. This can include higher deductions for mortgage interest, property taxes, and other homeownership-related expenses. (...) Conclusion Exclusive accommodation & services for your delegation during the St Petersburg Economic Forum Introduction In our presentation we wand disclose our approuch in jrganisation of exclusive vip service for top managers during Saint Peterburg economic summit Сontent goals: services for delegation (accommodation, transfer to and from the airport-railways station) acquisition: attract new visitors – social networking activation: turn visitors into subscribers (micro-conversion) – recommendation from clients education: engage subscribers and keep them coming back - speacial events clients revenue: persuade visitors to make a purchase our clients (macro-conversion) expansion: encourage customers to upgrade referral: delight customers and turn them into evangelists Conclusion Buyer's journey was successful. Our clients made this deision to work with our company. Our clients are our permanent clients. They can make a worth recommendation to business circles. Cause, it's a specific area of business. Narrow and private. 2 Writing a self-introduction 20240529 hw20240505 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa How do you write a catchy self-introduction? deadline: 20240221 --> ]]> Say hello to John Doe, the near-mythical creature in the realm of software development who not only masters the dark arts of distributed backend systems and microservice architecture but does so with an effortless flair that would make lesser mortals swoon. With his profound expertise in crafting scalable server APIs and a deep dive into the caverns of MongoDB, Cassandra, and Memcached, John’s not just playing in the big leagues—he’s making the rules. Dare to peek into the JVM ecosystem, and you’ll find John there, juggling Java and Scala with one hand tied behind his back, while also speaking Go and Hack as fluently as the tech gods themselves. And oh, let’s not forget his smooth moves with Unix-like operating systems and SQL—talk about a tech maestro! Now, while John has dazzled in the high towers of Afazon, Unter, Infinity, and Zantex, leading teams with the finesse of a chess grandmaster, he chooses to keep his boots on the ground. Yes, despite the siren call of management, our hero opts to stay in the action—front and centre—where the tech battles are fiercest. So, if you’re thinking John’s just another tech lead, think again. He’s the wizard in the shadows, the brain behind the operation, the guy who’s as invaluable in the tech trenches as he is leading the charge from the front. Ready to be out-teched? John’s your man, turning tech challenges into child’s play with a wink and a smile. ]]> ✓ whet the appetite & make a memorable impression ✓ show you are probably accessible despite senior position or substantial experience 〆W.Churchill wasn't accessible in spite of his humour ✓ humour is a positive emotion → good start for storytelling to whet the appetite = to increase desire for or interest in sth ✓ break the rules = 3rd person self-introduction ✓ learn by making mistakes → brainstorm different versions & choose a little from each → identify relevant metaphors e.g. companies like high towers 〆depends on the corporate culture (probably a start-up) 〆suggests perhaps a too young-minded spirit rather than a senior person able to take responsibilities ≠ doesn't represent the author → looks more like the portrait of a gamer metrics = measures of quantitative assessment commonly used for assessing, comparing, and tracking performance or production to alienate = to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group Which metaphors & use of language are arguably inappropriate? 〆near-mythical creature in the realm of software development 〆deep dive into the caverns 〆talk about a tech maestro! 〆leading teams with the finesse of a chess grandmaster = excessive metaphors realm /relm/ = area of activity, interest, or knowledge What logical mistakes are present? 〆leading teams with the finesse of a chess grandmaster ≠ chess grandmasters don't lead teams finesse = great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a delicate way; to deal with sth in a way that is clever but slightly dishonest with one hand tied behind his back ✓ in the LinkedIn About section → add media content with a pdf & urls ✓ focus on how you can add value ]]> to swoon = to faint; to feel very excited, emotional, etc. about sb that you think is sexually attractive, so that you almost lose consciousness 20240522 18:10-19:30 2 active Refining long-form content with ChatGPT (2/3) By the end of this session you will have studied https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 4 Brainstorming a buyer's journey 20240515 hw20240522 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article again → choose a project relevant to your needs → answer the questions → refine your answers with AI and DeepL Chatsonic (free of charge but limited quantity of requests / month) https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> 4 Brainstorming a buyer's journey 20240515 hw20240522 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Can you apply awareness, consideration & decision-making to brainstorm a new project? https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article again → choose a project relevant to your needs → answer the questions → refine your answers with AI and DeepL Chatsonic (free of charge but limited quantity of requests / month) https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> Unveiling the secrets of the Caucasus: embark on a breathtaking seven-day cruise train adventure Experience the tranquillity and beauty of the Caucasus: discover the enigmatic "pearl" on an unforgettable railway journey • seven-day railway journey on a comfortable cruise train, specially designed by the Russian Railways holding company. In the summer season of 2021, this tourism project was so liked by its participants that it received the “Made in Russia” award, established with the support of Rostourism. • The train schedule is designed in such a way that tourists devote the day to excursions and spend the night on the train, using it instead of a hotel as a “hotel on wheels.” On the way the train will make stops in Maykop, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Makhachkala, Derbent and Nalchik, where travelers can get acquainted with the sights of these places ]]> to unveil = to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time • advertise in social media (Telegram, VKontakte) • place hoardings in the underground • offer a 1-day trip for train lovers influencers to promote particular destinations ]]> hoarding (BrEn) | billboard (AmEn) = large board on the outside of a building or at the side of the road, used for putting advertisements • make special offers for a limited period of time competing with packaged tours • provide digital, touch-screen kiosks comparing different routes • reach & visit town centres at low cost • position travelling by train at a competitive cost (in comparison with car + hotel) • offer wedding & honeymoon trips • insist on restaurant cuisine available ]]> • offer promotional vouchers • give examples of success stories e.g. school children spent 10 days trekking... • publish a guide book 'Travelling by train' • make purchasing arrangements flexible e.g. instalments over 12 months ]]> instalment = one of a number of payments that are made regularly over a period of time until sth has been paid for 5 (optional homework) Following-up a project with marketing best practice for content generation 20240522 hw20240529 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Are you ready to map your marketing goals with your buyer's journey? https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article again → choose a project relevant to your needs → answer the questions → refine your answers with AI and DeepL ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> • • • • • ]]> to unveil = to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time hoarding (BrEn) | billboard (AmEn) = large board on the outside of a building or at the side of the road, used for putting advertisements instalment = one of a number of payments that are made regularly over a period of time until sth has been paid for 20240515 18:10-19:30 2 active Refining long-form content with ChatGPT (1/3) Story building (long-form content) with ChatGPT By the end of this session you will have studied https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/free-vpn-chrome-extension/jaoafpkngncfpfggjefnekilbkcpjdgp

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 3 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Understanding registers thanks to AI support 20240508 hw20240515 https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> 3 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Understanding registers thanks to AI support Use of various registers in writing and copy-writing 20240508 hw20240515 active wip xml_multi_dd_row Are you able to distinguish one register from another? How can this skill help you refine prompts for AI text generation? https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> 17 6 left Redundancy announcement
I trust this correspondence finds you well. It is with a solemn sense of duty that I write to inform you of a significant organizational decision. Regrettably, due to the current economic situation, it has become necessary to implement workforce changes within our esteemed company.
Effective from next week, it is with deep regret that I announce your redundancy. This decision was reached after careful consideration of various factors impacting the organization's operational requirements and strategic objectives. Invitation for dinner
Hope you're doing well! I wanted to reach out and see if you're up for grabbing dinner together after the conference wraps up tomorrow. I figure it'll be a nice way to unwind and chat about everything we've learned throughout the day.
I heard about this great Italian place just a few blocks from the conference venue that I've been dying to try out. What do you think? If Italian isn't your thing, we can definitely explore other options too!
Let me know if you're interested, and if you have any dietary preferences or restrictions. Looking forward to catching up outside of the conference setting! Invitation to a workshop in sales
It is with great enthusiasm that I extend to you an invitation to participate in a unique and highly esteemed sales training programme.
Given the exceptional nature of this training opportunity, participation is limited to a select group of individuals who have demonstrated exceptional dedication, performance, and potential within our sales team. Your inclusion in this esteemed cohort is a testament to your exemplary contributions and commitment to excellence within our organization.
Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I eagerly anticipate your positive response and enthusiastic participation in this transformative training opportunity. Apologies for missing a meeting
I am writing to extend my apologies for my absence at the recent weekly meeting. It appears that I failed to attend as scheduled, and for this oversight, I offer my sincerest regrets.
Please accept my apologies for any inconvenience or disruption my absence may have caused to the proceedings of the meeting. I recognize the value of collective collaboration and communication within our team and acknowledge the importance of my active participation in these forums.
Moving forward, I will take necessary measures to ensure that such oversights do not recur, and I will prioritize my commitments to team engagements with the utmost diligence.
Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your understanding in this matter.
Yours sincerely Post in social media about promotion
With unparalleled elation and boundless gratitude, I stand before you today to share the most exhilarating news of my professional journey thus far! 🚀🌠
It is with profound joy that I announce my promotion to chief supervisor within the esteemed ranks of our company! 🎉💼✨
This elevation represents far more than a mere change in title; it embodies the culmination of relentless dedication, unwavering commitment, and unyielding passion in service of our shared mission and vision. 🌟💪 ]]> 1;2 3 4;5 6 7;8;9;10 the following excerpt Show more empathy
in the following excerpt Make less informal, more neutral, and use fewer phrasal verbs
in the following excerpt Make more engaging
the following excerpt Use language for upper intermediate readers
in the following excerpt Make more informal but remain polite
in the following excerpt Make less emphatic
the following excerpt Emphasise achievements
in the following excerpt Emphasise examples
in the following excerpt Use bullet points for a slide
with the following excerpt ]]> Redundancy announcement? Write a very formal letter saying your staff member has been made redundant Invitation for dinner Write an informal e-mail to invite a colleague for dinner after a day at the conference Invitation to a workshop in sales Write a very formal letter to invite staff members to attend a unique & very expensive training in sales Apologies for missing a meeting Write a cold, reserved, unfriendly letter of apology for forgetting to attend a weekly meeting with colleagues Post in social media about promotion Write an emphatic, unduly grand post to announce you have been promoted --> ]]> 5A Vocab building active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png How can you communicate effectively without sounding too simple and quickly boring, or the opposite - only addressing the elite? ✓ breakdown sophisticated concepts into short sentences ✓ use acronyms & well-referenced concepts for greater reach ✓ repeat & paraphrase key concepts ✓ sign-post the narrative (explain how you think, where you come from, where you are now, where you're going to) ✓ think with rhetorical questions for headings ✓ paragraph thoughts ✓ use metaphors to trigger target audience imagination (...) → find expressions which don't match register & context → suggest alternative wording and/or constructions ]]> Redundancy announcement I trust this correspondence finds you well. It is with a solemn sense of duty that I write to inform you of a significant organizational decision. Regrettably, due to the current economic situation, it has become necessary to implement workforce changes within our esteemed company. Effective from next week, it is with deep regret that I announce your redundancy. This decision was reached after careful consideration of various factors impacting the organization's operational requirements and strategic objectives. ]]> Redundancy announcement - original I ~~trust this correspondence finds you well~~ hope this message finds you in good health | spirits. It is with ~~a solemn sense of duty~~ that I write to inform you of a significant organizational decision. Regrettably, due to the current economic situation, it has become necessary to implement workforce changes within our ~~esteemed~~ company. Effective from next week, it is ~~with deep regret~~ that I announce your redundancy. This decision was reached ~~after careful consideration~~ of various factors impacting the organization's operational requirements and strategic objectives. Redundancy announcement - refined I hope this message finds you in good health. I am writing with a heavy heart to share an important update regarding our organization. Unfortunately, due to the ongoing economic challenges, we must make some difficult decisions to adapt to the current circumstances. Starting next week, I regret to inform you that your position within our company will be made redundant. This decision was made after thoughtful deliberation, taking into account the organization's operational needs and long-term goals. ]]> Invitation for dinner Hope you're doing well! I wanted to reach out and see if you're up for grabbing dinner together after the conference wraps up tomorrow. I figure it'll be a nice way to unwind and chat about everything we've learned throughout the day. I heard about this great Italian place just a few blocks from the conference venue that I've been dying to try out. What do you think? If Italian isn't your thing, we can definitely explore other options too! Let me know if you're interested, and if you have any dietary preferences or restrictions. Looking forward to catching up outside of the conference setting!]]> Invitation for dinner - original Hope you're doing well! I wanted to ~~reach out~~ and see if ~~you're up for grabbing dinner~~ together after the conference ~~wraps up~~ tomorrow. I ~~figure~~ it'll be a nice way to ~~unwind and chat~~ about everything we've learned throughout the day. I heard about this great Italian place just a few blocks from the conference venue that I've ~~been dying to try out~~. What do you think? If Italian isn't ~~your thing~~, we can definitely explore other options too! Let me know if you're interested, and if you have any dietary preferences or restrictions. Looking forward to ~~catching up~~ outside of the conference setting! Invitation for dinner - refined I'd like to invite you to join me for dinner following the conclusion of tomorrow's conference. It would be a wonderful opportunity for us to relax and discuss the insights gained during the day's proceedings. I have recently learned about an excellent Italian restaurant located conveniently close to the conference venue, and I am eager to try it out. However, if Italian cuisine does not suit your preferences, I am more than willing to explore alternative dining options. Please let me know if you would be interested in joining me, and if you have any dietary preferences or restrictions that I should be aware of. I hope we can catch up outside of the conference setting. ]]> Invitation to a workshop in sales It is with great enthusiasm that I extend to you an invitation to participate in a unique and highly esteemed sales training programme. Given the exceptional nature of this training opportunity, participation is limited to a select group of individuals who have demonstrated exceptional dedication, performance, and potential within our sales team. Your inclusion in this esteemed cohort is a testament to your exemplary contributions and commitment to excellence within our organization. Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I eagerly anticipate your positive response and enthusiastic participation in this transformative training opportunity. ]]> Invitation to a workshop in sales - original It is with ~~great enthusiasm~~ that I extend to you an invitation to participate in a unique and ~~highly esteemed~~ sales training programme. Given the exceptional nature of this training opportunity, participation is limited to a select group of individuals who have demonstrated exceptional dedication, performance, and potential within our sales team. Your inclusion in this ~~esteemed cohort~~ is a testament to your ~~exemplary contributions~~ and commitment to excellence within our organization. Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I eagerly anticipate your positive response and enthusiastic participation in this ~~transformative~~ training opportunity. Invitation to a workshop in sales - refined I am thrilled to invite you to take part in an exclusive and prestigious sales training programme. This opportunity is reserved for a select group of individuals who have shown outstanding dedication, performance, and potential within our sales team. Your inclusion in this special group is a testament to your exceptional contributions and commitment to excellence within our organization. Your participation in this transformative training opportunity is highly anticipated. Thank you for considering this invitation, and I look forward to your positive response. ]]> 5B Vocab building 20240513 hw20240517 active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png How can you communicate effectively without sounding too simple and quickly boring, or the opposite - only addressing the elite? Apologies for missing a meeting I am writing to extend my apologies for my absence at the recent weekly meeting. It appears that I failed to attend as scheduled, and for this oversight, I offer my sincerest regrets. Please accept my apologies for any inconvenience or disruption my absence may have caused to the proceedings of the meeting. I recognize the value of collective collaboration and communication within our team and acknowledge the importance of my active participation in these forums. Moving forward, I will take necessary measures to ensure that such oversights do not recur, and I will prioritize my commitments to team engagements with the utmost diligence. Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your understanding in this matter. Yours sincerely ]]> Apologies for missing a meeting - original I am writing to extend my apologies for my absence at the recent weekly meeting. It appears that I failed to attend as scheduled, and for this oversight, I offer my sincerest regrets. Please accept my apologies for any inconvenience or disruption my absence may have caused to the proceedings of the meeting. I recognize the value of collective collaboration and communication within our team and acknowledge the importance of my active participation in these forums. Moving forward, I will take necessary measures to ensure that such oversights do not recur, and I will prioritize my commitments to team engagements with the utmost diligence. Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your understanding in this matter. Yours sincerely Apologies for missing a meeting - refined I'm sorry I missed the recent meeting. It seems I forgot about it, and I feel really bad about it. I'm sorry if my absence caused any problems during the meeting. I know how important it is for all of us to work together and communicate. I'll make sure I don't miss any more meetings in the future, and I'll do my best to be more organized. Sorry again for missing the meeting, and thanks for understanding. Best regards, ]]> Post in social media about promotion With unparalleled elation and boundless gratitude, I stand before you today to share the most exhilarating news of my professional journey thus far! 🚀🌠 It is with profound joy that I announce my promotion to chief supervisor within the esteemed ranks of our company! 🎉💼✨ This elevation represents far more than a mere change in title; it embodies the culmination of relentless dedication, unwavering commitment, and unyielding passion in service of our shared mission and vision. 🌟💪 ]]> Post in social media about promotion - original With unparalleled elation and boundless gratitude, I stand before you today to share the most exhilarating news of my professional journey thus far! It is with profound joy that I announce my promotion to chief supervisor within the esteemed ranks of our company! This elevation represents far more than a mere change in title; it embodies the culmination of relentless dedication, unwavering commitment, and unyielding passion in service of our shared mission and vision. Post in social media about promotion - refined I am pleased to inform you of my recent promotion to chief supervisor within our company. This advancement signifies more than just a title change; it reflects my ongoing dedication and commitment to our company's mission and vision. ]]> 4 Brainstorming a buyer's journey 20240515 hw20240522 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Can you apply awareness, consideration & decision-making to brainstorm a new project? https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article again → choose a project relevant to your needs → answer the questions → refine your answers with AI and DeepL Chatsonic (free of charge but limited quantity of requests / month) https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> Unveiling the secrets of the Caucasus: embark on a breathtaking seven-day cruise train adventure Experience the tranquillity and beauty of the Caucasus: discover the enigmatic "pearl" on an unforgettable railway journey • seven-day railway journey on a comfortable cruise train, specially designed by the Russian Railways holding company. In the summer season of 2021, this tourism project was so liked by its participants that it received the “Made in Russia” award, established with the support of Rostourism. • The train schedule is designed in such a way that tourists devote the day to excursions and spend the night on the train, using it instead of a hotel as a “hotel on wheels.” On the way the train will make stops in Maykop, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Makhachkala, Derbent and Nalchik, where travelers can get acquainted with the sights of these places ]]> • advertise in social media (Telegram, VKontakte) • place hoardings in the underground • offer a 1-day trip for train lovers influencers to promote particular destinations ]]> hoarding (BrEn) | billboard (AmEn) = large board on the outside of a building or at the side of the road, used for putting advertisements • make special offers for a limited period of time competing with packaged tours • provide digital, touch-screen kiosks comparing different routes • reach & visit town centres at low cost • position travelling by train at a competitive cost (in comparison with car + hotel) • offer wedding & honeymoon trips • insist on restaurant cuisine available ]]> • offer promotional vouchers • give examples of success stories e.g. school children spent 10 days trekking... • publish a guide book 'Travelling by train' • make purchasing arrangements flexible e.g. instalments over 12 months ]]> instalment = one of a number of payments that are made regularly over a period of time until sth has been paid for to unwind = to stop worrying or thinking about problems and start to relax to be dying for sth / to do sth = (informal) to want sth or want to do sth very much your thing = sth you enjoy or are good at to catch up with = to communicate with someone by talking in person or on the phone or by exchanging messages, and learn or discuss what has been happening in their life esteemed = highly respected 20240508 18:10-19:30 2 active Long-Form Content Writing Best Practices for B2B Content Marketing Refining long-form content with ChatGPT (1/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 Long-Form Content Writing Best Practices for B2B Content Marketing 20240424 hw20240508 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png https://www.foleon.com/blog/long-form-content-writing-best-practices → read the article → answer the questions]]> 1 Long-Form Content Writing Best Practices for B2B Content Marketing 20240424 hw20240508 active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Why would long-form contents be more effective than shorter ones? https://www.foleon.com/blog/long-form-content-writing-best-practices → read the article → answer the questions]]> How long is supposed to be a 'long-form' content? What are its advantages? ~ 1000 - 7500 words ✓ gives time and space to deep-dive into specific topics ✓ shows potential customers you are the right brand to choose ✓ features great SEO value SEO (search engine optimisation) = process used to optimize a website's technical configuration, content relevance and link popularity so its pages can become easily findable, more relevant and popular towards user search queries, and as a consequence, search engines rank them better What should story-telling in a long-form encompass to be effective? ✓ create a lasting connection ✓ cover a variety of ideas or concepts behind a specific topic ✓ demonstrate brand expertise → don't come across in an overly salesy manner to encompass = to include a large number or range of things Why is long-form content relevant to B2B marketing? ✓ builds trust and authority ✓ educates readers ✓ provides a single, credible, comprehensive and trustworthy source → less likely to seek information from the competition Why has long-form content got greater SEO value? ✓ gives opportunities for more backlinks → higher SERPS → more high-value traffic e.g. Backlinko’s 2020 SEO research articles over 3,000 words get an average of 77.2% more backlinks than shorter ones ✓ use variations of focus phrase in different, natural contexts → optimize content for both short and long-term keyword variants ✓ increases potential for repurposing content ✓ increases reach ✓ attracts both newbies and people with some knowledge of a subject → include an index at the beginning so readers can jump straight to the parts that interest them the most backlink = reference comparable to a citation. The quantity, quality, and relevance of backlinks for a web page are among the factors that search engines like Google evaluate in order to estimate how important the page is. PageRank calculates the score for each web page based on how all the web pages are connected among themselves, and is one of the variables that Google Search uses to determine how high a web page should go in search results. This weighting of backlinks is analogous to citation analysis of books, scholarly papers, and academic journals SERP (search engine results page) = webpage displayed by a search engine in response to a query by a user. The main component of a SERP is the listing of results that are returned by the search engine in response to a keyword query What stages of the sales funnel does long-term content address? ✓ awareness stage → show you understand their problem → help how to solve it e.g. how-to guides, blogs, eBooks ✓ consideration stage → demonstrate ability to solve the challenge ✓ decision-making → showing how to use & optimize solution in practice e.g. tutorial with multiple choice questions → boost trust e.g. include testimonials & use cases from happy customers funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation What are the best practices when writing long-form contents? ✓ choose a relevant topic → must resonate with target audience → must match on-line format restrictions → conduct keyword research = see what your ideal customer is searching for → consult BuzzSumo → check how to get Google Snippets ✓ monitor competition → ensure topic is original → provide a unique perspective → cultivate brand voice ✓ paragraph thoughts → structure a plan e.g. frame sections around questions ✓ include research from reliable, verified sources e.g. stats, studies, quotes from industry figures, references to other (non-competitor) articles ✓ find a catchy title ✓ end on a high note e.g. CTA snippet = small piece of information or news CTA (Call to action) = marketing term for any text designed to prompt an immediate response or encourage an immediate sale 2 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Marketing content goals Brainstorming with marketing best practice for content generation active wip xml_multi_dd_row How can you map the contents of your copy-writing to your buyers' journey? https://www.foleon.com/blog/how-to-map-your-content-to-the-buyers-journey → read the article → match the expressions with the definitions → describe a real-life or fictional story with each expression ]]> 14 6 left 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Understanding registers thanks to AI support Use of various registers in writing and copy-writing 20240508 hw20240515 active wip xml_multi_dd_row Are you able to distinguish one register from another? How can this skill help you refine prompts for AI text generation? https://writesonic.com/chat ChatGPT (free but VPN needed) https://chatgpt.com/ → copy-paste AI refined text into DeepL Write for granular changes e.g. double-click on individual words to find synonyms DeepL Write https://www.deepl.com/en/write ]]> 17 6 left Redundancy announcement
I trust this correspondence finds you well. It is with a solemn sense of duty that I write to inform you of a significant organizational decision. Regrettably, due to the current economic situation, it has become necessary to implement workforce changes within our esteemed company.
Effective from next week, it is with deep regret that I announce your redundancy. This decision was reached after careful consideration of various factors impacting the organization's operational requirements and strategic objectives. Invitation for dinner
Hope you're doing well! I wanted to reach out and see if you're up for grabbing dinner together after the conference wraps up tomorrow. I figure it'll be a nice way to unwind and chat about everything we've learned throughout the day.
I heard about this great Italian place just a few blocks from the conference venue that I've been dying to try out. What do you think? If Italian isn't your thing, we can definitely explore other options too!
Let me know if you're interested, and if you have any dietary preferences or restrictions. Looking forward to catching up outside of the conference setting! Invitation to a workshop in sales
It is with great enthusiasm that I extend to you an invitation to participate in a unique and highly esteemed sales training programme.
Given the exceptional nature of this training opportunity, participation is limited to a select group of individuals who have demonstrated exceptional dedication, performance, and potential within our sales team. Your inclusion in this esteemed cohort is a testament to your exemplary contributions and commitment to excellence within our organization.
Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I eagerly anticipate your positive response and enthusiastic participation in this transformative training opportunity. Apologies for missing a meeting
I am writing to extend my apologies for my absence at the recent weekly meeting. It appears that I failed to attend as scheduled, and for this oversight, I offer my sincerest regrets.
Please accept my apologies for any inconvenience or disruption my absence may have caused to the proceedings of the meeting. I recognize the value of collective collaboration and communication within our team and acknowledge the importance of my active participation in these forums.
Moving forward, I will take necessary measures to ensure that such oversights do not recur, and I will prioritize my commitments to team engagements with the utmost diligence.
Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your understanding in this matter.
Yours sincerely Post in social media about promotion
With unparalleled elation and boundless gratitude, I stand before you today to share the most exhilarating news of my professional journey thus far! 🚀🌠
It is with profound joy that I announce my promotion to chief supervisor within the esteemed ranks of our company! 🎉💼✨
This elevation represents far more than a mere change in title; it embodies the culmination of relentless dedication, unwavering commitment, and unyielding passion in service of our shared mission and vision. 🌟💪 ]]> 1;2 3 4;5 6 7;8;9;10 the following excerpt Show more empathy
in the following excerpt Make less informal, more neutral, and use fewer phrasal verbs
in the following excerpt Make more engaging
the following excerpt Use language for upper intermediate readers
in the following excerpt Make more informal but remain polite
in the following excerpt Make less emphatic
the following excerpt Emphasise achievements
in the following excerpt Emphasise examples
in the following excerpt Use bullet points for a slide
with the following excerpt ]]> Redundancy announcement? Write a very formal letter saying your staff member has been made redundant Invitation for dinner Write an informal e-mail to invite a colleague for dinner after a day at the conference Invitation to a workshop in sales Write a very formal letter to invite staff members to attend a unique & very expensive training in sales Apologies for missing a meeting Write a cold, reserved, unfriendly letter of apology for forgetting to attend a weekly meeting with colleagues Post in social media about promotion Write an emphatic, unduly grand post to announce you have been promoted --> ]]> the bee's knees = (informal) an excellent person or thing worth its salt = someone or something deserves respect and is worth its cost or has value SEO (search engine optimisation) = process used to optimize a website's technical configuration, content relevance and link popularity so its pages can become easily findable, more relevant and popular towards user search queries, and as a consequence, search engines rank them better backlink = reference comparable to a citation. The quantity, quality, and relevance of backlinks for a web page are among the factors that search engines like Google evaluate in order to estimate how important the page is. PageRank calculates the score for each web page based on how all the web pages are connected among themselves, and is one of the variables that Google Search uses to determine how high a web page should go in search results. This weighting of backlinks is analogous to citation analysis of books, scholarly papers, and academic journals SERP (search engine results page) = webpage displayed by a search engine in response to a query by a user. The main component of a SERP is the listing of results that are returned by the search engine in response to a keyword query funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation snippet = small piece of information or news CTA (Call to action) = marketing term for any text designed to prompt an immediate response or encourage an immediate sale referral /rə'fə:əl/ 20240424 18:10-19:30 2 active How to Keep AI Under Control - Max Tegmark By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 How to Keep AI Under Control - Max Tegmark 20240417 hw20240424 pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How to Keep AI Under Control | Max Tegmark | TED The current explosion of exciting commercial and open-source AI is likely to be followed, within a few years, by creepily superintelligent AI – which top researchers and experts fear could disempower or wipe out humanity. Scientist Max Tegmark describes an optimistic vision for how we can keep AI under control and ensure it's working for us, not the other way around. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUNx_PxNHrY → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 1 How to Keep AI Under Control - Max Tegmark 20240417 hw20240424 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Are you not worried AI may become too intelligent? Could we become slaves of machines? How to Keep AI Under Control | Max Tegmark | TED The current explosion of exciting commercial and open-source AI is likely to be followed, within a few years, by creepily superintelligent AI – which top researchers and experts fear could disempower or wipe out humanity. Scientist Max Tegmark describes an optimistic vision for how we can keep AI under control and ensure it's working for us, not the other way around. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUNx_PxNHrY → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_to_keep_ai_under_control_max_tegmark_ted_xUNx_PxNHrY.mp4 Why was Max Tegmark wrong 5 years ago when he warned about the dangers of AI? [01:20] ✓ governments have let AI companies develop without any meaningful regulation ✓ progress has been faster than expected ✓ human intelligence will be far behind artificial intelligence perhaps in only a few years When will AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) be available? Why isn't AGI a long-term risk? What examples are given to show progress? [01:54-02:58] ✓ forecasts are plummeting from 20 years to 2-3 years [02:05] ✓ dancing robots [02:28] ✓ mid-journey prompt [02:39] ✓ deep-fake [02:58] to plummet = to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position What did Alan Turing predict? [03:59] Why are Alan Turing, Sam Altman, Dario Amodei (...) and even Ursula von der Leyen concerned? [05:20] The bad case is... lights out for all of us Sam Altman, co-founder of OPenAI ✓ chance that something goes... catastrophically wrong on the scale of human civilisation... might be... between 10 and 25% Dario Amodei ✓ Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear wars Ursula von der Leyen ]]> species /ˈspi:ʃi:z/ What is the problem? [06:42] ✓ lack of a convincing plan for AI safety [06:11] ✓ excessive focus on evals & risky AI behaviour = train AI not to say bad things instead of not doing bad things → prove the presence of risk but not the absence of risk [06:42] How do Steve Omohundro and Max Tegmark plan to make AI safe? [06:50-11:04] ✓ AI can't violate laws of physics [07:23] e.g. guard rails → humans write a specification [08:03] ✓ don't need to understand how AI algos function [08:52] = easier to verify a proof than discover it → focus on proof checking code = impossible to run unsafe code e.g. additions at primary school [10:10] ✓ use formal verification tool known as Dafny → prove that this program correctly adds up any numbers, not just the numbers that were in your training data = provably safe AI [11:04] Why shouldn't AI development be paused? [11:32] visual

Модель Kandinsky 2.2 нарисовала: portrait of a 35 year old enthusiastic, assertive & convincing female sales representative giving a presentation to a wide audience with a video projector в стиле professional_studio https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 → match the stages with the pieces of software → agree / disagree with recommendations ]]> 22 8 left https://chat.openai.com/
https://writesonic.com/chat
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
✓ ask AI to improve your copywriting
→ focus on vocab, register
→ ask to re-write the conclusion with given keywords...
→ refine the prompt several times until AI answers don't seem to improve
→ finish editing the text yourself https://midjourney.co/
https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22
https://www.craiyon.com/
https://this-person-does-not-exist.com/
✓ ask AI to render visuals to support the narrative
→ consider learning how to prompt AI for hi-def graphics https://pandoc.org/
✓ save your file preferably in raw text format
e.g. md, xml, csv...
→ separate contents from layout
wysiwym (what you see is what you mean) > wysiwyg (what you see is what you get)
✓ export your file into different formats for dissemination
e.g. pdf, pptx, xhtml... http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/
✓ make intonation more tangible with a spectrogram ]]> 1 2 3 4 https://drawio-app.com/blog/increase-productivity-with-mind-maps-in-draw-io/
✓ team work
https://beta.character.ai/
✓ individual work (where AI like a sparring partner)
〆risk of little diverging ideas
→ prefer mind mapping for creativity 2 Drafting a sales pitch, presentation for a webinar, an essay... https://chat.openai.com/
https://writesonic.com/chat
✓ phrase a well-defined prompt to ensure relevance of the output
〆anonymous, often stereotypical descriptions
〆risk of considering the first iteration as sufficient
→ try different large language models (LLMs) & datasets to generate insightful findings
→ refine the prompt several times until AI answers don't seem to improve 3 Narrative development https://www.google.com/docs/about/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)
✓ use any word processor (or raw text editor) you are comfortable with
= start editing the text yourself
✓ (re)focus narrative onto target audience / readers
✓ improve localisation
e.g. address likely cross-cultural communication breakdown
✓ add personalised examples
e.g. team-level, company-wide, when liaising B2B
= use critical thinking skills 4 Proof reading https://chat.openai.com/
https://writesonic.com/chat
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
✓ ask AI to improve your copywriting
→ focus on vocab, register
→ ask to re-write the conclusion with given keywords...
→ refine the prompt several times until AI answers don't seem to improve
→ finish editing the text yourself 5 Imaging https://midjourney.co/
https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22
https://www.craiyon.com/
https://this-person-does-not-exist.com/
✓ ask AI to render visuals to support the narrative
→ consider learning how to prompt AI for hi-def graphics 6 Finalising with a single source document https://pandoc.org/
✓ save your file preferably in raw text format
e.g. md, xml, csv...
→ separate contents from layout
wysiwym (what you see is what you mean) > wysiwyg (what you see is what you get)
✓ export your file into different formats for dissemination
e.g. pdf, pptx, xhtml... 7 Practising delivery http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/
✓ make intonation more tangible with a spectrogram ]]> 1 Long-Form Content Writing Best Practices for B2B Content Marketing 20240424 hw20240508 active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Why would long-form contents be more effective than shorter ones? https://www.foleon.com/blog/long-form-content-writing-best-practices → read the article → answer the questions]]> How long is supposed to be a 'long-form' content? What are its advantages? ~ 1000 - 7500 words ✓ gives time and space to deep-dive into specific topics ✓ shows potential customers you are the right brand to choose ✓ features great SEO value SEO (search engine optimisation) = process used to optimize a website's technical configuration, content relevance and link popularity so its pages can become easily findable, more relevant and popular towards user search queries, and as a consequence, search engines rank them better What should story-telling in a long-form encompass to be effective? ✓ create a lasting connection ✓ cover a variety of ideas or concepts behind a specific topic ✓ demonstrate brand expertise → don't come across in an overly salesy manner Why is long-form content relevant to B2B marketing? ✓ builds trust and authority ✓ educates readers ✓ provides a single, credible, comprehensive and trustworthy source → less likely to seek information from the competition Why has long-form content got greater SEO value? ✓ gives opportunities for more backlinks → higher SERPS → more high-value traffic e.g. Backlinko’s 2020 SEO research articles over 3,000 words get an average of 77.2% more backlinks than shorter ones ✓ use variations of focus phrase in different, natural contexts → optimize content for both short and long-term keyword variants ✓ increases potential for repurposing content ✓ increases reach ✓ attracts both newbies and people with some knowledge of a subject → include an index at the beginning so readers can jump straight to the parts that interest them the most backlink = reference comparable to a citation. The quantity, quality, and relevance of backlinks for a web page are among the factors that search engines like Google evaluate in order to estimate how important the page is. PageRank calculates the score for each web page based on how all the web pages are connected among themselves, and is one of the variables that Google Search uses to determine how high a web page should go in search results. This weighting of backlinks is analogous to citation analysis of books, scholarly papers, and academic journals SERP (search engine results page) = webpage displayed by a search engine in response to a query by a user. The main component of a SERP is the listing of results that are returned by the search engine in response to a keyword query What stages of the sales funnel does long-term content address? ✓ awareness stage → show you understand their problem → help how to solve it e.g. how-to guides, blogs, eBooks ✓ consideration stage → demonstrate ability to solve the challenge ✓ decision-making → showing how to use & optimize solution in practice e.g. tutorial with multiple choice questions → boost trust e.g. include testimonials & use cases from happy customers funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation What are the best practices when writing long-form contents? ✓ choose a relevant topic → must resonate with target audience → must match on-line format restrictions → conduct keyword research = see what your ideal customer is searching for → consult BuzzSumo → check how to get Google Snippets ✓ monitor competition → ensure topic is original → provide a unique perspective → cultivate brand voice ✓ paragraph thoughts → structure a plan e.g. frame sections around questions ✓ include research from reliable, verified sources e.g. stats, studies, quotes from industry figures, references to other (non-competitor) articles ✓ find a catchy title ✓ end on a high note e.g. CTA snippet = small piece of information or news CTA (Call to action) = marketing term for any text designed to prompt an immediate response or encourage an immediate sale to plummet = to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position hubris = fact of sb being too proud; Hubris /ˈhjuːbrɪs/ - from Ancient Greek 'pride, insolence, outrage', describes a personality quality of extreme or excessive pride or dangerous overconfidence and complacency, often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance wysiwyg = what you see is what you get wysiwym = what you see is what you mean portability = ability to be ported (exported → imported) from one system to another pandoc = free-software document converter, widely used as a writing tool (especially by scholars) and as a basis for publishing workflows. It was created by John MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley. It can take a document in one of the supported formats and convert only its markup to another format human-readable = medium or format where any encoding of data or information can be naturally read by humans, e.g. in Unicode text, rather than as binary data single-sourcing = use of a single document to produce other forms of documents, such as manuals and online help. It allows one document to be used in different kinds of formats, thereby increasing the usability of the documentation species /ˈspi:ʃi:z/ 20240417 18:10-19:30 2 active Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI 20240410 hw20240417 pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI - Henrik Kniberg Basically a full day AI course crammed into 18 mins of drawing & talking. Target audience: Everyone. Covers questions like What is generative AI, how does it work, how do I use it, what are some of the risks & limitations. Also covers things like autonomous agents, the role of us humans, prompt engineering tips, AI-powered product development, origin of ChatGPT, different types of models, and some tips about mindset around this whole thing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IK3DFHRFfw → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 1 Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI 20240410 hw20240417 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How can you actually work with AI on a daily basis? Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI - Henrik Kniberg Basically a full day AI course crammed into 18 mins of drawing & talking. Target audience: Everyone. Covers questions like What is generative AI, how does it work, how do I use it, what are some of the risks & limitations. Also covers things like autonomous agents, the role of us humans, prompt engineering tips, AI-powered product development, origin of ChatGPT, different types of models, and some tips about mindset around this whole thing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IK3DFHRFfw

→ watch the video → answer the questions]]> generative_ai_in_a_nutshell_how_to_survive_and_thrive_in_the_age_of_ai_2IK3DFHRFfw.mp4 ever since computers were invented they've really just been glorified calculators machines that execute the exact instructions given to them by the programmers but something incredible is happening now computers have started gaining the ability to learn and think and communicate just like we do they can do creative intellectual work that previously only humans could do we call this technology generative Ai and you may have encountered it already through products like GPT basically intelligence is now available as a service kind of like a giant brain floating in the sky that anyone can talk to it's not perfect but it is surprisingly capable and it is improving at an exponential rate this is a big deal it's going to affect just about every person and Company on the planet positively or negatively this video is here to help you understand what generative AI is all about in Practical terms beyond the hype the better you understand this technology as a person team or company the better equipped you will be to survive and thrive in the age of AI so here's a Einstein in your basement silly but useful mental model for this you have Einstein in your basement in fact everyone does and by Einstein I really mean the combination of every smart person who ever lived you can talk to Einstein whenever you want he has instant access to the sum of all human knowledge and will answer anything you want within seconds never running out of patience he can also take on any role you want a comedian poet doctor coach and will be an expert within that field he has some human-like limitations though he can make mistakes he can jump to conclusions he can misunderstand you but the biggest limitation is actually your imagination and your ability to communicate effectively with them this skill is known as prompt engineering and in the age of AI this is as essential as reading and writing most people vastly underestimate what this Einstein in your basement can do it's like going to the real Einstein and asking him to proof read a high school report or hiring a worldclass five-star chef and having him chop onion the more you interact with Einstein the more you will discover surprising and Powerful ways for him to help you or your company okay enough What is AI fluffy metaphors let's clarify some terms AI as you probably know stands for artificial intelligence AI is not new FS like machine learning and computer vision have been around for decades whenever you see a YouTube recommendation or a web search result or whenever you get a credit card transaction approved that's traditional AI in action generative AI is AI that generates new original content rather than just finding or classifying existing content that's the G in GPT for example large language models or llms are a type of generative AI that can communicate using normal human language chat GPT is a product by the company open AI it started as an llm essentially an advanced chatbot using a new architecture called the Transformer architecture which by the way is the T in GPT it is so fluent at human language that anyone can use it you don't need to be an AI expert or programmer and that's kind of what triggered the whole Revolution so how does it actually work How does it work well a large language model is an artificial neural network basically a bunch of numbers or or parameters connected to each other similar to how our brain is a bunch of neurons or brain cells connected to each other neural networks only deal with numbers you send in numbers and depending on how the parameters are set all the numbers come out but any kind of content such as text or images can be represented as numbers so let's say I write dogs are when I send that to a large language model that gets converted to numbers processed by the neural network and then the resulting numbers are converted back into text in this case the word animals dogs are animals so yeah this is basically a guest to next word machine the interesting part is if we take that output and combine it with the input and send it through the model again then it will continue adding new words that's what's going on behind the scenes when you type something in chat GPT in this case for example it generated a whole story and I can continue this indefinitely by adding more prompts a large language model may have billions or even trillions of of parameters that's why they're called large so how are all these numbers set Training well not through manual programming that would be impossible but through training just like babies learning to speak a baby isn't told how to speak she doesn't get an instruction manual instead she listens to people speaking around her and when she's heard enough she starts seeing the pattern she speaks a few words at first to the Delight of her parents and then later on full sentences similarly during a training period the language model is fed a mindboggling amount of text to learn from Mostly from internet sources it then plays guess the next word with all of this over and over again and the parameters are automatically tweaked until it starts getting really good at predicting the next word this is called back propagation which is a fancy term for oh I guessed wrong I better change something however to become truly useful a model also needs to undergo human training this is called reinforcement learning with human feedback and it involves thousands of hours of humans painstakingly testing and evaluating output from the model and giving feedback kind of like training a a dog with a clicker to reinforce good behavior that's why a model like GPT won't tell you how to rob a bank it knows very well how to rob a bank but through human training it has learned that it shouldn't help people commit crimes when training is done the model is mostly Frozen other than some fine tuning that can happen later that's what the P stands for in GPT pre-trained although in the future we will probably have models that can learn continuously rather than just uh during training and fine-tuning now although chat GPT kind Models of got the ball rolling GPT isn't the only model out there in fact new models are sprouting like mushrooms they vary a lot in terms of speed capability and cost some can be downloaded and run locally others are only online some are free or open source others are commercial products some are super easy to use While others require complicated technical setup some are specialized for certain use cases others are more General and can be used for almost anything and some are baked into products in the form of co-pilots or or chat windows it's it's the Wild West just keep in mind that you generally get what you pay for so with a free model you may just be getting a smart high school student in your basement rather than Einstein the difference between for example GPT 3.5 and GPT 4 is massive Different Models note that there are different types of generative AI models that generate different types of content textto text models like gpc4 take text as input and generate text as output the text can be natural language but it can also be structured information like code Json HTML I use this a lot myself to generate code when programming uh it saves an incredible amount of time and I also learn a lot from the code it generates text to image models will generate images describe what you want and an image gets generated for you you can even pick a style image to image models can do things like transforming or combining images and we have image to text models which describe the contents of a given image and speech to text models create voice transcriptions which is useful for things like uh meeting notes text Audio models they generate music or sounds from a prompt for example here is some sound generated from The Prompt people talking in a busy okay guys enough stop now thank you and there are even text to video models that generate videos from a prompt sooner or later we'll have infinite movie series that autog generate the next episode tailored to your tastes as you're watching kind of scary if you think about it one Trend now is multimodal AI products meaning they combine different models into one product so you can work with text images audio Etc without switching tools the chat GPT mobile app is a good example of this just for fun I took a photo of this room and I asked where I could hide stuff I kind of like that it mentioned the stove but warned that that it could get hot there when I have things to figure out such as the contents of this video I like to take walks using chat GPT as as a sounding board I start by saying always respond with the word okay unless I ask you for something that way it'll just listen and not interrupt after I finish dumping my thoughts I ask for feedback we have some discussion and then I ask it to summarize and text afterwards I really recommend trying this it's it's a really useful way to use tools like this turns out Einstein isn't stuck in the basement after all you can take him out for a walk initially language models were just word predictors statistical machines with limited practical use but as they became larger and were trained on more data they started gaining emergent capabilities expected capabilities that surprised even the developers of the technology they could roleplay write poetry write high quality code discuss company strategy provide legal and medical advice coach teach basically creative and intellectual things that only humans could do previously it turns out that when a model has seen enough text and images it starts to see patterns and understand higher level Concepts just like a baby learning to understand the world let's take a simple example I'll give gpc4 this little drawing that involves a string a pair of scissors an egg a pot and a fire what will happen if I use the scissors the model has most likely not been trained on this exact scenario yet it gave a pretty good answer which demonstrates a basic understanding of the nature of scissors eggs gravity and heat when GPT 4 was released I started using it as a coding assistant and I was blown away when prompted effectively it was a better programmer than anyone I've worked with same with article writing product design Workshop planning and just about anything I used it for for the main bottleneck was my prompt engineering skills so I decided to make a career shift and focus entirely on learning and teaching how to make this technology useful hence this video now let's take a step back and look at the implications for 300,000 years or so we homosapiens have been the most intelligent species on Earth depending of course on how you define intelligence but the thing is our intellectual capabilities aren't really improving that much our brains are about the same size same weight as they've been for thousands of years computers on the other hand have been around for only 80 years or so and now with generative AI they are suddenly capable of speaking human languages fluently and carrying out an increasing number of intellectual creative tasks that previously only humans could do so we are right here at the Crossing Point where AI is better at some things and humans are better at some things but ai's capabilities are improving at an exponential rate while ours aren't we don't know how long that exponential Improvement will continue or if it will level off at some point but we're definitely entering a new world order now this isn't the first Revolution we've experienced we tamed fire we learned how to do agriculture we invented the printing press steam power Telegraph these were all revolutionary changes but they took decades or centuries to become widespread in the AI Revolution new technology spreads worldwide almost instantly dealing with this rate of change is a huge challenge for both individuals and The AI Mindset companies I've noticed that people and companies tend to fall into different kind of mindset categories when it comes to AI on one side we have denial the belief that AI cannot do my job or we don't have time to look into this technology this is a dangerous place to be a common saying is AI might not take your job but people using AI will and this is true for both individuals and companies on the other side of the scale we have panic and despair the belief that AI is going to take my job no matter what AI is going to make my company go bankrupt neither of these mindsets are helpful so I propose a middle ground a balanced positive mindset AI is going to make me my team my company insanely productive personally with this mindset I feel like I've gained superpowers I can go from idea to result in so much shorter time I can focus more on what I want to achieve and less on the grunt workk of building things and I'm learning a lot faster too it's like having an awesome Mentor with me at all times this mindset not only feels good but it also equips you for the future makes you less likely to lose your job or your company and more likely to thrive in the age of AI despite all the Is human role needed uncertainty so one important question is is human role X needed in the age of AI for example are doctors needed developers lawyers CEOs uh whatever so this question becomes more and more relevant as the AI capabilities improve well some jobs will disappear for sure but for most roles I think we humans are still needed someone with domain knowledge still needs to decide what to ask the AI how to formulate The Prompt what context needs to be provided and how to evaluate the result AI models aren't perfect they can be absolutely brilliant sometimes but sometimes also terribly stupid they can sometimes hallucinate and provide bogus information in a very convincing way so when should you trust the AI response when should you double check or do the work yourself what about legal compliance data security what information can we send to an AI model and where is that data stored a human expert is needed to make these judgment calls and compensate for the weaknesses of the AI model so I recommend thinking of AI as your colleague a genius but also an oddball with some personal quirks that you need to learn to work with you need to recognize when your Genius colleague is drunk as a doctor my AI colleague can help diagnose rare diseases that I didn't even know existed as a lawyer my AI colleague could do legal research and review contracts allowing me to spend more time with my client or as a teacher my AI colleague could grade tests help generate course content provide individual support to students Etc and if you're not sure how it can help you just ask it I work as X how can you help me overall I find that the combination of human plus AI That's where the magic lies it's important to Models vs products distinguish between the models and the products that build on top of them as a user you don't normally interact with the model directly instead you interact with a product website or a mobile app which in turn talks to the model behind the scenes products provide a user interface and add capabilities and data that aren't part of the model itself for example the chat gbt product keeps track of your message history while the GPT 4 model itself doesn't have any message history history as a developer you can use these models to build your own AI powered products and features for example let's say you have an e-learning site you could add a chat bot to answer questions about the courses or as a recruitment company you might build AI powered tools to help evaluate candidates in both these cases your users interact with your product and then your product interacts with the model this is done via apis or application programming interfaces which allow your code to talk to the model so here's a simple example of using open AI API to talk to GP not a lot of code needed and here's another example of the automatic candidate evaluation thing I talked about it takes a job description and a bunch of CVS in a folder and evaluates each candidate automatically and incidentally the code itself is mostly AI written as a product developer you can use AI models kind of like an external brain to insert intelligence into your product very powerful in order Prompt engineering to use generative AI effectively you need to get good at prompt engineering or prompt design as I prefer to call it this skill is needed both as a user and as a product developer because in both cases you need to be able to craft effective prompts that produce useful results from an AI model here's an example let's say I want help planning a workshop this prompt is unlikely to give useful results because no matter how smart the AI is if it doesn't know the context of my workshop it can only give fague high level recommendations the second prompt is better now I provided some context this is normally done iteratively write a prompt look at the result add a follow-up prompt to provide more information or edit the original prompt and rinse and repeat until you get a good result in this third approach I ask it to interview me so instead of me providing a bunch of context up front I'm basically saying what do you need to know in order order to help me and then it will propose a workshop agenda after I often combine these two I provide a bit of context and then I tell it to ask me if it needs any more information these are just some examples of prompt engineering techniques so overall the better you get at prompt engineering the faster and better results you will get from AI there are plenty of courses books videos articles to help you learn this but the most important thing is is to practice and Learn by doing a nice side effect is that you will become better at communicating in general since prompt engineering is really all about Clarity and effective communication I think the next Frontier Autonomous agents for generative AI is autonomous agents with tools these are AI powerered software entities that run on their own rather than just sitting around waiting for you to prompt them all the time so you go down to Einstein in your basement and do what a good leader would do for a team you give him a high level Mission and the tools needed to accomplish it and then open the door and let him out to run his own show without micromanagement the tools could be things like access to the internet access to money ability to send and receive messages order pizza or whatever for this prompt engineering becomes even more important because your autonomous tool wielding agent can do a lot of good or a lot of harm depending on how well you craft that mission statement all right let's wrap it up here are the key things I hope you will remember from this video generative AI is a super useful tool that can help both you your team and your company in a big way the better you understand it the more likely it is to be an opportunity rather than a threat generative AI is more powerful than you think the biggest limitation is not the technology but your imagination like what can I do and your prompt engineering skills how do I do it prompt engineeringdesign is a crucial skill like all new skills just accept that you will kind of suck at it at first but you'll improve over time with deliberate practice so my best tip is experiment make this part of your day-to-day life and the Learning Happens automatically hope this video was helpful thanks for watching visual

〆be aware nobody may be held responsible → unlike paying a hefty sum for a consultant... 〆lack of experience in 'recruiting' the optimal large language model character = no CV or references available! ]]> What do GPT & LLMs acronyms stand for? [02:31] ✓ GPT = generative, pre-trained, transformer ✓ LLM = large language model (i.e. a neural network) [03:06] ✓ bot + transformer architecture → uses normal human language What 2 stages are necessary to build large language models? Could you one day take part in any of these stages as a domain expert working in collaboration with a data scientist? [04:08] ✓ training → listen (like a baby) = unsupervised, generative pre-training [04:32] → recognise patterns ✓ improvement → back-propagation [04:42] = identifies mistake & make changes → RLHF reinforcement learning with human feedback [04:47] = human training ✓ model is then frozen [05:16] = pre-trained How is ChatGPT designed not to commit crimes? Do you believe such measures are sufficient? [05:11] ✓ taught by humans = RLHF reinforcement learning with human feedback [04:47] How can you brainstorm & organise your thoughts with an AI model? Have you already tried to follow a similar back-and-forth approach? [07:50] ✓ dump thoughts by having a walk ✓ ask for AI feedback ✓ have a discussion ✓ ask to summarise ✓ export into text What is the main bottleneck in deploying AI? What could be the bottleneck at your workplace? Could vertical hierarchy discourage providing too much context in fear of confidentiality breach? [09:32] ✓ prompt engineering skills = providing enough & relevant context ✓ senior management may be reluctant to disclose information to improve large language models e.g. some companies have already shown concerns about sharing market surveys & product features → may be used by competition Why is the role of humans still relevant? What can you do in your job to make sure you are still relevant? [12:10] ✓ decide what to ask the AI ✓ decide how to formulate the prompt ✓ what context needs to be provided ✓ how to evaluate the result = beware of hallucinations → only domain knowledge experts can = compensate for weaknesses of AI models Which 2 ways to prompt AI are given? Have you ever used any of these approaches in prompting? [15:24] → task + context = iterate [15:33] prompt → response → follow-up prompt → response OR update prompt → response | update prompt → response → task + AI own questions = ask AI what more information it needs ✓ typical coaching questions What is the next frontier with AI? What so-called 'high-level missions' could you assign? [16:18] ✓ autonomous agents = no need to prompt continuously → assign a high level mission → give tools needed ≠ micromanagement → need to craft prompt engineering to implement high-level missions e.g. buying / selling shares when share prices reach given peaks & troughs What does the success of deploying AI depend on? What will your next step be? [17:13] ✓ imagination ✓ prompt engineering skills ≠ technology 1 How to Keep AI Under Control - Max Tegmark 20240417 hw20240424 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Are you not worried AI may become too intelligent? Could we become slaves of machines? How to Keep AI Under Control | Max Tegmark | TED The current explosion of exciting commercial and open-source AI is likely to be followed, within a few years, by creepily superintelligent AI – which top researchers and experts fear could disempower or wipe out humanity. Scientist Max Tegmark describes an optimistic vision for how we can keep AI under control and ensure it's working for us, not the other way around. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUNx_PxNHrY → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_to_keep_ai_under_control_max_tegmark_ted_xUNx_PxNHrY.mp4 Why was Max Tegmark wrong 5 years ago when he warned about the dangers of AI? [01:20] ✓ governments have let AI companies develop without any meaningful regulation ✓ progress has been human faster than expected ✓ human intelligence will be far behind artificial intelligence perhaps in only a few years When will AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) be available? Why isn't AGI a long-term risk? What examples are given to show progress? [01:54-02:58] ✓ forecasts are plummeting from 20 years to 2-3 years [02:05] ✓ dancing robots [02:28] ✓ mid-journey prompt [02:39] ✓ deep-fake [02:58] What did Alan Turing predict? [03:59] Why are Alan Turing, Sam Altman, Dario Amodei (...) and even Ursula von der Leyen concerned? [05:20] The bad case is... lights out for all of us Sam Altman, co-founder of OPenAI ✓ chance that something goes... catastrophically wrong on the scale of human civilisation... might be... between 10 and 25% Dario Amodei ✓ Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear wars Ursula von der Leyen ]]> What is the problem? [06:42] ✓ lack of a convincing plan for AI safety [06:11] ✓ excessive focus on evals & risky AI behaviour = train AI not to say bad things instead of not doing bad things → prove the presence of risk but not the absence of risk [06:42] How do Steve Omohundro and Max Tegmark plan to make AI safe? [06:50-11:04] ✓ AI can't violate laws of physics [07:23] e.g. guard rails → humans write a specification [08:03] ✓ don't need to understand how AI algos function [08:52] = easier to verify a proof than discover it → focus on proof checking code = impossible to run unsafe code e.g. additions at primary school [10:10] ✓ use formal verification tool known as Dafny → prove that this program correctly adds up any numbers, not just the numbers that were in your training data = provably safe AI [11:04] Why shouldn't AI development be paused? [11:32] visual

→ don't pause AI → pause the reckless race to super intelligence ✓ stop obsessively training ever-larger models that we don't understand ✓ Hubris kills = illusory superiority → most people think they are better than they really are in most aspects of life → don't fly to the sun ]]> to thrive = to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc GPT = generative, pre-trained, transformer LLM = large language model back-propagation = identifying mistake and making changes; In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient estimation method used to train neural network models RLHF = reinforcement learning with human feedback to parse = to examine computer data and change it into a form that can be easily read or understood; to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it 20240410 18:10-19:30 2 active What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? 20240403 hw20240410 pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? Generative AI is poised to transform the workplace, but we still need human brains for new ideas, says marketing expert Jessica Apotheker. She explores how marketers can find their niche in the world of AI based on their preference for data or creativity, offering a pragmatic and hopeful look at the future of business https://www.ted.com/talks/jessica_apotheker_what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 1 What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? 20240403 hw20240410 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How do you seize the productivity opportunity brought about by artificial intelligence? What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? Generative AI is poised to transform the workplace, but we still need human brains for new ideas, says marketing expert Jessica Apotheker. She explores how marketers can find their niche in the world of AI based on their preference for data or creativity, offering a pragmatic and hopeful look at the future of business https://www.ted.com/talks/jessica_apotheker_what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Sample questions Can access to big data help tap into the emotional needs of consumers? Can brainstorming with a computer help come up with a perfect product or innovation to meet consumer needs? Can AI help generate a sales pitch to convince a prospect buyer at the point of sale? ]]> what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai_121579.mp4 Why and by how much could productivity increase in marketing thanks to AI [02:51]? ✓ marketing has traditionally been a right brain type of function → generative AI will bring about the next productivity revolution [01:19] e.g. the Boston Consulting Group conducted with Harvard a study ✓ ChatGPT (in 2023) already improves the right-brain performance of marketers by 40 percent [02:51] What will happen to marketers once AI can help them generate more? What risk may AI lead to in marketing? [03:58] ✓ more personalised contents & ideas 〆content overload [04:22] = feeling chased by contents What is the danger of relying on generative AI in marketing? [04:47] ✓ generative AI has been trained on existing content and data → reduces divergence of outcomes ≠ equalization of marketing is not a productive increase divergence = difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions How can you solve the negative outcomes of generative AI? [05:02] ✓ need to develop a left AI brain → reskill & reorganize with left brain type human resources → build, use and diffuse predictive AI tools in the heart of decision-making = build solutions to predict outcomes ✓ identify and protect top right-brained talent left brain type = logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type = creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others What typical questions & answers generated by AI to distribute to marketers could be provided by teams of marketing data scientists & marketing data engineers? [05:38] ✓ what audience creative couples are really hitting it off ✓ what product is working with which consumer ✓ why or how is the marketing funnel evolving to hit it off = to be naturally friendly or well suited funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation If you are successful with a given target generation, what are the risks when envisaging marketing for a new consumer segment? [07:18] ✓ brand could get trapped in current territory ... e.g. if a brand is strong with millennials 〆lack of data and content existing on millennials that will help you to be successful with Gen Z 〆conducting a market survey is more a left brain type of activity (= confirmation of a sales hypothesis) ✓ interpreting trends & decision making = more right brain type → need a combination of both types → don't rely only on AI for your market survey What 2 steps should marketers follow when making use of AI? [07:52] 1 identify who could provide most relevant data = recognise content partners ✓ think outside the box, beyond your eco-system → contact financial institutions, insurances (= already common practice to buy data from other service providers) e.g. a construction company decides to market to architects for the first time → find data on architects 〆construction companies (= direct competitors) 2 set up a federated model ✓ train algorithms = don't believe in the first answers → always rephrase What is the impact on creativity if all right brain tasks rely on generative AI? [08:51] 〆drop by 40% of collective divergent ideas 〆true innovation is being stifled to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed How can you protect the identity of your brand and differentiation on the market? [09:25] ✓ identify true innovators e.g. those who usually disagree with you ✓ strategically reskill to use AI efficiently e.g.how to develop new prototypes fast & multiply their impact → protect & teach how to use AI = keep juices flowing → protect brand identity & differentiation in the market to keep juices flowing = to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone What should marketers do to survive? [10:06] ✓ identify whether talents are left brain or right brain type ✓ specialise their skills → choose their brain 3 Writing with AI active wip edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png Can AI improve text for copy-writing? visual

(optional) How to set up ChatGPT (from Russia) → read the instructions (5min) → install a VPN → complete the different stages from the instructions (10min) https://nibbl.ru/featured/chatgpt-kak-zaregistrirovatsya-iz-rossii.html → prompt AI https://chat.openai.com/ → answer the questions ]]> Copywriters help to create billboards, brochures, catalogues, jingle lyrics, magazine and newspaper advertisements, sales letters and other direct mail, scripts for television or radio commercials, taglines, white papers, website and social media posts, and other marketing communications. All this aligned with the target audience's expectations while keeping the content and copy fresh, relevant, and effective src: Wikipedia ]]> How long will you need to write a short presentation? Have you got enough vocabulary to communicate succinctly & convincingly your ideas? What minimum level of English is usually required? → completing a short presentation ~ 3/5min brainstorming ~ 5min drafting a plan ~ 3min writing the introduction ~ 3min writing the conclusion ~ 5-8min finding examples to support the narrative ~ 8-10min finding visuals to support the narrative ~ 5min per part x 3-5 parts total ~ 30-40min (60min+ if lacking visuals or vocab) → vocab needs 〆internet research for key expressions (5-20min...) → language levels ✓ A2/B1 - writing an e-mail ✓ B1+ - writing a report ✓ B2 - writing a proposal ✓ C1 - writing an essay copy-writing → B2+ copywriting = act or occupation of writing text for the purpose of advertising or other forms of marketing. Copywriting is aimed at selling products or services https://writesonic.com/chat https://twee.com/ (registration required, mostly AI for teachers) https://retext.ai/ https://airuco.ru/ ]]> Explain the mistakes in the following excerpt -- orig -- 'In my opinion, people need to learn to accept other people. People of a different race, nationality, religion, and so on. In general, humanity has made progress in this after the Second World War, recognizing the genocide of other nations. But even in the last 80 years after the end of the global conflict, this problem still exists.' -- suggested answer -- The excerpt contains several mistakes: Lack of Emphasis: The language lacks emphasis and conviction, making the statement less impactful. Repetition: The repetition of "people" and "other people" in the same sentence can be improved for better readability. Lack of Specificity: The phrase "and so on" lacks specificity and can be replaced with a more comprehensive list. Awkward Phrasing: The sentence "In general, humanity has made progress in this after the Second World War" is awkward and lacks clarity. Lack of Specificity: The phrase "recognizing the genocide of other nations" lacks specificity and can be improved for better clarity. Lack of Clarity: The phrase "this problem still exists" lacks clarity and can be more specific about the issue being referred to. Here's a revised and improved version: "In my perspective, it's crucial for individuals to embrace those of diverse races, nationalities, religions, and more. While humanity has made progress in acknowledging the genocides that occurred after the Second World War, the challenge of acceptance persists even 80 years after the global conflict. It's essential to strive for a world where every individual is valued for who they are, fostering a truly inclusive and compassionate global community." ]]> knowledgeable = well-informed; intelligent https://writesonic.com/chat https://twee.com/ (registration required, mostly AI for teachers) ]]> ✓ Correct mistakes and improve the language in the following excerpt -- orig -- 'In my opinion, people need to learn to accept other people. People of a different race, nationality, religion, and so on. In general, humanity has made progress in this after the Second World War, recognizing the genocide of other nations. But even in the last 80 years after the end of the global conflict, this problem still exists.' -- suggested answer -- In my opinion, it is essential for people to learn to accept others, regardless of their race, nationality, religion, and so forth. Overall, humanity has made progress in this regard since the Second World War, acknowledging the genocides that have occurred. However, even in the 80 years following the end of the global conflict, this issue continues to persist. ]]> to alienate = to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group https://writesonic.com/chat https://twee.com/ (registration required, mostly AI for teachers) ]]> Improve the language in the following excerpt to make it more engaging: -- orig -- In my opinion, it is essential for people to learn to accept others, regardless of their race, nationality, religion, and so forth. Overall, humanity has made progress in this regard since the Second World War, acknowledging the genocides that have occurred. However, even in the 80 years following the end of the global conflict, this issue continues to persist. -- suggested answer -- I strongly believe that embracing diversity, irrespective of race, nationality, religion, and more, is crucial. While humanity has made strides in this area since the Second World War, acknowledging the atrocities of past genocides, the challenge of acceptance still lingers even 80 years after the war's end. It's time for us to cultivate a world where every individual is embraced for who they are, fostering a truly inclusive and compassionate global community. What next? Refine the language further. In my view, it's imperative for people to embrace others, regardless of their race, nationality, or religion. Despite acknowledging the genocides following the Second World War, the challenge of acceptance persists even 80 years after the conflict. It's time to strive for a world where every individual is valued for who they are, fostering a truly inclusive and compassionate global community. ]]> to refine = to improve sth by making small changes to it 4 Imaging by AI active wip edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png When can graphics generation by AI be pertinent to presentations & webinars? https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky30 https://www.craiyon.com/ https://midjourney.co/ → compare results → examine how prompts differ → answer the questions ]]>

Модель Kandinsky 3.0 нарисовала: map of Russia with railway and haulage transport routes for more cost-effective logistics в стиле professional_studio yyhttps://rudalle.ru/kandinsky30

Модель Kandinsky 3.0 нарисовала: futuristic map of Russia with railway and haulage transport routes for more cost-effective logistics, dramatic в стиле 3d_render https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky30

Модель Kandinsky 2.2 нарисовала: futuristic map of Russia with railway and haulage transport routes for more cost-effective logistics, dramatic в стиле 3d_render https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky30

]]> What kind of visuals do you need to support your presentations? Have you ever used on-line AI tools to generate some pictures? visual

Модель Kandinsky 2.2 нарисовала: data pie chart showing 3 shares: 60% cars 30% trains 10% planes https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 ]]> https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky30 https://www.craiyon.com/ https://midjourney.co/ ]]> https://www.midjourney.com/showcase ]]> visual

Модель Kandinsky 2.2 нарисовала: portrait of a millennial who craves for the latest Iphone https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 → try generating portraits of your target consumers with different engines https://this-person-does-not-exist.com/ https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 ]]> ✓ endorsement by a so-called expert in a particular industry e.g. doctor in a surgical coat ✓ target audience e.g. happy family enjoying a picnic endorsement = statement made in an advertisement, usually by sb famous or important, saying that they use and like a particular product 3 Role play wip active role_play AI will replace as many as two million manufacturing workers by 2025 src: MIT and Boston University report https://www.forbes.com/sites/ariannajohnson/2023/03/30/which-jobs-will-ai-replace-these-4-industries-will-be-heavily-impacted/?sh=4b7d49235957 By 2030, at least 14% of employees globally could need to change their careers due to digitization, robotics, and AI advancements src: McKinsey Global Institute https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d44b651ee25cd6f8717a9b049d2f2e0de8a965f5 ]]> You agree with the statement ✓ AI can build presentations analyse & enter data write content (...) ✓ Many AI tools are already available Chat GPT Gamma Numerous AI (...) ✓ By 2030, the average simulation shows that some 70% of companies will have embraced the AI revolution and adopted at least one type of AI technology You disagree with the statement. You are a nay sayer. 〆AI will be taking some jobs ✓ will be creating new ones ✓ We just need to... ramp up our technical skills complete online courses understand the industry gain work experience develop our soft skills ✓ some jobs just can't be taken by AI ✓ an enhancer rather than a full replacement of jobs 3 Mr Kettle prep_ol_qa wip active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Will AI ever take over our lives? SBERBANK | Mr Kettle Would you like to call your fridge to check if you have any sausages left? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PzvbSMJQuY → watch the video → answer the questions]]> mr_kettle_sberbank-5pzvbsmjquy.mkv Would you like to have a smart home? Could you trust AI to manage your home in your absence? Would you like to have an AI friend at home? 1 Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI 20240410 hw20240417 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How can you actually work with AI on a daily basis? Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI - Henrik Kniberg Basically a full day AI course crammed into 18 mins of drawing & talking. Target audience: Everyone. Covers questions like What is generative AI, how does it work, how do I use it, what are some of the risks & limitations. Also covers things like autonomous agents, the role of us humans, prompt engineering tips, AI-powered product development, origin of ChatGPT, different types of models, and some tips about mindset around this whole thing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IK3DFHRFfw

〆be aware nobody may be held responsible → unlike paying a hefty sum for a consultant... 〆lack of experience in 'recruiting' the optimal large language model character = no CV or references available! ]]> What do GPT & LLMs acronyms stand for? [02:31] ✓ GPT = generative, pre-trained, transformer ✓ LLM = large language model (i.e. a neural network) [03:06] ✓ bot + transformer architecture → uses normal human language What 2 stages are necessary to build large language models? Could you one day take part in any of these stages as a domain expert working in collaboration with a data scientist? [04:08] ✓ training → listen (like a baby) = unsupervised, generative pre-training [04:32] → recognise patterns ✓ improvement → back-propagation [04:42] = identifies mistake & make changes → RLHF reinforcement learning with human feedback [04:47] = human training ✓ model is then frozen [05:16] = pre-trained How is ChatGPT designed not to commit crimes? Do you believe such measures are sufficient? [05:11] ✓ taught by humans = RLHF reinforcement learning with human feedback [04:47] How can you brainstorm & organise your thoughts with an AI model? Have you already tried to follow a similar back-and-forth approach? [07:50] ✓ dump thoughts by having a walk ✓ ask for AI feedback ✓ have a discussion ✓ ask to summarise ✓ export into text What is the main bottleneck in deploying AI? What could be the bottleneck at your workplace? Could vertical hierarchy discourage providing too much context in fear of confidentiality breach? [09:32] ✓ prompt engineering skills = providing enough & relevant context ✓ senior management may be reluctant to disclose information to improve large language models e.g. some companies have already shown concerns about sharing market surveys & product features → may be used by competition Why is the role of humans still relevant? What can you do in your job to make sure you are still relevant? [12:10] ✓ decide what to ask the AI ✓ decide how to formulate the prompt ✓ what context needs to be provided ✓ how to evaluate the result = beware of hallucinations → only domain knowledge experts can = compensate for weaknesses of AI models Which 2 ways to prompt AI are given? Have you ever used any of these approaches in prompting? [15:24] → task + context = iterate [15:33] prompt → response → follow-up prompt → response OR update prompt → response | update prompt → response → task + AI own questions = ask AI what more information it needs ✓ typical coaching questions What is the next frontier with AI? What so-called 'high-level missions' could you assign? [16:18] ✓ autonomous agents = no need to prompt continuously → assign a high level mission → give tools needed ≠ micromanagement → need to craft prompt engineering to implement high-level missions e.g. buying / selling shares when share prices reach given peaks & troughs What does the success of deploying AI depend on? What will your next step be? [17:13] ✓ imagination ✓ prompt engineering skills ≠ technology to seize = to take control of a place or situation, often suddenly and violently; to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc divergence = difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions left brain type = logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type = creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation to stifle = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed to keep juices flowing = to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone stifle /'staifəl/ 20240403 18:10-19:30 2 active How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses Machine Learning, AI, and the future of presentations & webinars By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses 20240327 hw20240403 pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Have you ever experienced high-tech bureaucracy? What could this look like? How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses Sylvain Duranton - TED@BCG Mumbai September 2019 Here's a paradox: as companies try to streamline their businesses by using artificial intelligence to make critical decisions, they may inadvertently make themselves less efficient. Business technologist Sylvain Duranton advocates for a "Human plus AI" approach -- using AI systems alongside humans, not instead of them -- and shares the specific formula companies can adopt to successfully employ AI while keeping humans in the loop https://www.ted.com/talks/sylvain_duranton_how_humans_and_ai_can_work_together_to_create_better_businesses?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 1 How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses 20240327 hw20240403 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Have you ever experienced high-tech bureaucracy? What could this look like? How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses Sylvain Duranton - TED@BCG Mumbai September 2019 Here's a paradox: as companies try to streamline their businesses by using artificial intelligence to make critical decisions, they may inadvertently make themselves less efficient. Business technologist Sylvain Duranton advocates for a "Human plus AI" approach -- using AI systems alongside humans, not instead of them -- and shares the specific formula companies can adopt to successfully employ AI while keeping humans in the loop https://www.ted.com/talks/sylvain_duranton_how_humans_and_ai_can_work_together_to_create_better_businesses?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_humans_and_AI_can_work_together_to_create_better_businesses_53024.mp4 what is algocracy? [01:03] ✓ situation when AI takes more and more critical decisions according to rules outside of any human control ✓ bureaucracy favours rules and procedures over human judgement ✓ AI decides solely based on rules (mostly inferred from past data) What is the human-zero mindset? Why is it so tempting? [01:46] ✓ situation when many corporate executives behave like bureaucrats from the past → take costly, old-fashioned humans out of the loop → rely only upon AI to take decisions ✓ "Human plus AI" route is long, costly & difficult → business teams, tech teams, data-science teams have to iterate for months to craft exactly how humans and AI can best work together to craft = to make sth using special skills, especially with your hands What examples of silly AI behaviour are given? [02:41] visual

attempt #1 - Write a short sales pitch to encourage people to travel by train Discover the Joy of Train Travel Are you ready to embark on a journey that offers comfort, convenience, and breathtaking views? Look no further than train travel! Here's why you should consider hopping on board for your next adventure: 1. Relaxation and Comfort Sit back, unwind, and enjoy the spacious seating, ample legroom, and the freedom to move around at your leisure. Avoid the stress of driving or navigating traffic, and let the rhythmic motion of the train lull you into a state of tranquility. 2. Scenic Views Immerse yourself in the picturesque landscapes that only train travel can provide. From rolling hills to majestic coastlines, the ever-changing scenery will leave you in awe. 3. Eco-Friendly Option Reduce your carbon footprint by choosing train travel over other modes of transportation. Contribute to a sustainable future while exploring new destinations. 4. Convenient and Time-Efficient Say goodbye to long security lines and airport waits. With city-center to city-center connections, train travel offers a seamless and efficient alternative. 5. Stress-Free Travel Enjoy the freedom to move around, access onboard amenities, and stay connected with onboard Wi-Fi, making the journey as enjoyable as the destination. Don't miss out on the magic of train travel. Book your ticket today and let the adventure begin!

attempt #2 - Write a short sales pitch to encourage people to travel by train (use the 5 principles of persuasion by Robert Cialdini) Sales Pitch: Experience the Delight of Train Travel Are you looking for a delightful and convenient way to travel? Look no further than train travel! Here's how you can be persuaded to choose train travel using the 5 principles of persuasion by Robert Cialdini: 1. Reciprocity: When you choose train travel, you're not just buying a ticket; you're investing in an experience. The train journey offers you scenic views, comfortable seating, and onboard amenities, making it a unique and memorable way to travel. 2. Social Proof: Join the millions of satisfied travelers who prefer train travel for its comfort, convenience, and eco-friendliness. Many travelers rave about the stress-free experience, spacious cabins, and the ability to relax, work, or socialize while on board. 3. Authority: Train travel is endorsed by transportation experts, environmentalists, and urban planners as a sustainable and efficient mode of transportation. It's a reliable way to reach your destination while reducing your carbon footprint. 4. Consistency: By choosing train travel, you're aligning with your values of sustainability and comfort. Train travel allows you to consistently make environmentally conscious choices without sacrificing convenience or comfort. 5. Liking: Train travel offers a likable and enjoyable experience for all passengers. Whether you're a solo traveler, a family, or a group of friends, the train provides a communal atmosphere, comfortable seating, and the freedom to move around during the journey. So why wait? Choose train travel for your next journey and experience the pleasure of a stress-free, comfortable, and eco-friendly way to reach your destination.

src: AI generated answer by Chatsonic https://writesonic.com/chat ]]> to kick-start = to do sth to help a process or project start more quickly Write a short sales pitch to encourage people to travel by train What mistakes can you find in this first answer by AI? How can you improve the generated text? ]]> Can you rephrase the prompt to avoid the above mistakes? Does it improve generated contents? in Russia Discover the Beauty of Russia by Train Are you ready for an unforgettable adventure through the vast and captivating landscapes of Russia? Traveling by train offers you an immersive and scenic journey like no other. Here's why you should choose train travel in Russia: Scenic Splendor: From the picturesque countryside to the majestic snow-capped mountains, train travel in Russia provides breathtaking views that you simply can't experience from any other mode of transport. Immerse yourself in the beauty of Russia's diverse landscapes as you travel comfortably from city to city. Cultural Immersion: Russia's extensive rail network allows you to connect with the heart and soul of the country. Experience the rich cultural tapestry as you interact with fellow travelers, sample local cuisine, and witness the charm of small towns and villages along the way. Convenience and Comfort: Enjoy the convenience of city-center train stations and the comfort of modern train carriages equipped with amenities to make your journey relaxing and enjoyable. Whether it's a short hop between cities or an epic trans-Siberian adventure, train travel in Russia offers a stress-free and comfortable way to explore this vast nation. Historical Significance: Many of Russia's iconic train routes have historical significance, adding a layer of intrigue to your travel experience. Follow in the footsteps of the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway or journey through the storied landscapes that have inspired countless literary works. Environmental Sustainability: By choosing train travel, you're making an environmentally conscious choice. Trains are a sustainable mode of transport, allowing you to explore Russia while minimizing your carbon footprint. Embark on an enriching and unforgettable journey through Russia by train. Whether you're a solo traveler, a family, or a group of friends, train travel offers an authentic and captivating way to experience all that Russia has to offer. ✓ improved localisation e.g. legendary Trans-Siberian Railway 〆limited dataset? e.g. still no towns mentioned & arguably general geographical landscape descriptions ]]> Write a short sales pitch to encourage people to travel by train (use the 5 principles of persuasion by Robert Cialdini) What logical discrepancies can you find in the 2nd attempt by AI? How can you improve generated text? ]]> discrepancy = difference between two or more things that should be the same Can using the suggestions by AI - instead of rephrasing the prompt - improve generated contents? How many times did you need to rephrase your prompt and/or make use of suggestions? Are you satisfied with the improved text, or do you believe you could have achieved the same result by yourself? Explain reciprocity better Reciprocity in Persuasion Reciprocity, as described by Robert Cialdini, is the principle that people feel compelled to give back when they receive something. In the context of train travel, reciprocity can be explained as follows: When you choose train travel, you're not just purchasing a mode of transportation. You're entering into an experience where the train service provides you with comfort, convenience, and a pleasant journey. In return, the principle of reciprocity suggests that you may feel inclined to appreciate and reciprocate by choosing train travel again or recommending it to others. This principle emphasizes the idea that by offering a positive experience, the train service provider can elicit a feeling of obligation in passengers to reciprocate by continuing to support and use their services. 〆still partly irrelevant What next? Provide specific examples. Certainly! Here are specific examples of reciprocity in the context of train travel: Complimentary Amenities: Train services often provide complimentary amenities such as snacks, beverages, or reading materials during the journey. By receiving these extras at no additional cost, passengers may feel inclined to reciprocate by choosing the same train service for future travel. Exceptional Customer Service: Train staff going above and beyond to provide exceptional customer service, such as helping passengers with luggage or providing assistance to elderly or disabled travelers, can create a sense of goodwill. This positive experience can lead passengers to reciprocate by speaking positively about the train service and choosing it for their future travel needs. Onboard Entertainment: Some train services offer onboard entertainment, such as Wi-Fi, movies, or music. By providing these entertainment options, the train service creates a positive experience for passengers, who may feel compelled to reciprocate by choosing the same train service for their next journey. In each of these examples, the train service provides a positive experience or extra value to passengers, which can trigger the principle of reciprocity, leading passengers to feel a sense of obligation to reciprocate by choosing the train service again or recommending it to others. 〆far-stretched arguments → still partly irrelevant ✓ some arguably useful ideas → perhaps your own input (optionally followed by AI improvement on the language) will yield better results... ]]> far-stretched = difficult to believe and unlikely to be true to yield = to produce 1 What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? 20240403 hw20240410 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How do you seize the productivity opportunity brought about by artificial intelligence? What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? Generative AI is poised to transform the workplace, but we still need human brains for new ideas, says marketing expert Jessica Apotheker. She explores how marketers can find their niche in the world of AI based on their preference for data or creativity, offering a pragmatic and hopeful look at the future of business https://www.ted.com/talks/jessica_apotheker_what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Sample questions Can access to big data help tap into the emotional needs of consumers? Can brainstorming with a computer help come up with a perfect product or innovation to meet consumer needs? Can AI help generate a sales pitch to convince a prospect buyer at the point of sale? ]]> what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai_121579.mp4 Why and by how much could productivity increase in marketing thanks to AI [02:51]? ✓ marketing has traditionally been a right brain type of function → generative AI will bring about the next productivity revolution [01:19] e.g. the Boston Consulting Group conducted with Harvard a study ✓ ChatGPT (in 2023) already improves the right-brain performance of marketers by 40 percent [02:51] What will happen to marketers once AI can help them generate more? What risk may AI lead to in marketing? [03:58] ✓ more personalised contents & ideas 〆content overload [04:22] = feeling chased by contents What is the danger of relying on generative AI in marketing? [04:47] ✓ generative AI has been trained on existing content and data → reduces divergence of outcomes ≠ equalization of marketing is not a productive increase divergence = difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions How can you solve the negative outcomes of generative AI? [05:02] ✓ need to develop a left AI brain → reskill & reorganize with left brain type human resources → build, use and diffuse predictive AI tools in the heart of decision-making = build solutions to predict outcomes ✓ identify and protect top right-brained talent left brain type = logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type = creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others What typical questions & answers generated by AI to distribute to marketers could be provided by teams of marketing data scientists & marketing data engineers? [05:38] ✓ what audience creative couples are really hitting it off ✓ what product is working with which consumer ✓ why or how is the marketing funnel evolving to hit it off = to be naturally friendly or well suited funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation If you are successful with a given target generation, what are the risks when envisaging marketing for a new consumer segment? [07:18] ✓ brand could get trapped in current territory ... e.g. if a brand is strong with millennials 〆lack of data and content existing on millennials that will help you to be successful with Gen Z 〆conducting a market survey is more a left brain type of activity (= confirmation of a sales hypothesis) ✓ interpreting trends & decision making = more right brain type → need a combination of both types → don't rely only on AI for your market survey What 2 steps should marketers follow when making use of AI? [07:52] 1 identify who could provide most relevant data = recognise content partners ✓ think outside the box, beyond your eco-system → contact financial institutions, insurances (= already common practice to buy data from other service providers) e.g. a construction company decides to market to architects for the first time → find data on architects 〆construction companies (= direct competitors) 2 set up a federated model ✓ train algorithms = don't believe in the first answers → always rephrase What is the impact on creativity if all right brain tasks rely on generative AI? [08:51] 〆drop by 40% of collective divergent ideas 〆true innovation is being stifled to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed How can you protect the identity of your brand and differentiation on the market? [09:25] ✓ identify true innovators e.g. those who usually disagree with you ✓ strategically reskill to use AI efficiently e.g.how to develop new prototypes fast & multiply their impact → protect & teach how to use AI = keep juices flowing → protect brand identity & differentiation in the market to keep juices flowing = to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone What should marketers do to survive? [10:06] ✓ identify whether talents are left brain or right brain type ✓ specialise their skills → choose their brain divergence = difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions left brain type = logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type = creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation to stifle = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed to keep juices flowing = to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone algocracy = situation in which algorithm-based systems structure and constrain the opportunities for human participation in, and comprehension of, public decision- making human-zero mindset = situation when costly, old-fashioned humans are taken out of the loop and management rely only upon AI to take decisions to craft = to make sth using special skills, especially with your hands data scientist = professional who creates programming code and combines it with statistical knowledge to create insights from data domain expert | subject-matter expert (SME) = person who has accumulated great knowledge in a particular field or topic and this level of knowledge is demonstrated by the person's degree, licensure, and/or through years of professional experience with the subject to weave = to put facts, events, details, etc. together to make a story or a closely connected whole derrick = tall structure over an oil well for holding a drill (which makes the hole in the ground for getting the oil out) wait expect sth from my company ]]> stifle /'staifəl/ 20240327 18:10-19:30 2 active Impact of AI on professional skill set Artificial Intelligence will replace 40% of jobs By the end of this session you will have studied Quarterly test 〆no dictionaries 〆no language notes → complete as h/w → deadline Friday 20240320 → time allowed: 60min Quarterly test (on-line version)

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png What jobs will be replaced by AI? 20240320 hw20240327 Artificial intelligence (AI) could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs (...) The report also predicts two-thirds of jobs in the U.S. and Europe “are exposed to some degree of AI automation,” and around a quarter of all jobs could be performed by AI entirely src: investment bank Goldman Sachs https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html Educated white-collar workers earning up to $80,000 a year are the most likely to be affected by workforce automation src: University of Pennsylvania and OpenAI https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html → put the jobs under the correct heading → suggest why some jobs may be automated → give examples how professionals might change their work ]]> quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240320.xml Quarterly test (logs) active wip quarterly_test_logs test_log_MikhaylovaNadezhda_20240317_2031_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240320.xml test_log_MARINAGRIGORYEVA_20240318_1256_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240320.xml test_log_SergeyDavydov_20240320_1608_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240320.xml test_log_AnnaShekshueva_20240324_2349_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240320.xml test_log_tbelovata_20240327_1652_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20240320.xml 1 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png What jobs will be replaced by AI? active wip xml_multi_dd_row How will AI affect jobs? How many jobs will be replaced by AI in the near future? Artificial intelligence (AI) could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs (...) The report also predicts two-thirds of jobs in the U.S. and Europe “are exposed to some degree of AI automation,” and around a quarter of all jobs could be performed by AI entirely src: investment bank Goldman Sachs https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html Educated white-collar workers earning up to $80,000 a year are the most likely to be affected by workforce automation src: University of Pennsylvania and OpenAI https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html → put the jobs under the correct heading → suggest why some jobs may be automated → give examples how professionals might change their work ]]> 47 14 left 1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8 9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16 Jobs likely to be automated Customer service representative Receptionists Accountants/Bookkeepers Salespeople Research and analysis Warehouse work Insurance underwriting Retail Jobs not likely to be replaced by AI teachers lawyers & judges directors, managers and CEOs HR managers psychologists & psychiatrists surgeons computer system analysts artists & writers src: How Will Artificial Intelligence Affect Jobs 2024-2030 https://www.nexford.edu/insights/how-will-ai-affect-jobs ]]> 1 Brainstorming with AI for a sales pitch or presentation active wip edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Are contents generated by AI really any worse than human-made samples? Can you improve your persuasive speech using AI? visual

Модель Kandinsky 2.2 нарисовала: surrealism, hi definition, futuristic, brain connected by cables to the internet в стиле 3d_render https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 → answer the questions ]]> https://writesonic.com/chat (login required, e.g. via a google account) https://chat.openai.com/ (vpn, mobile phone number abroad required - or see workaround below) https://rudalle.ru/kandinsky22 (workaround) How to set up ChatGPT (from Russia) → read the instructions (5min) → install a VPN → complete the different stages from the instructions (10min) https://nibbl.ru/featured/chatgpt-kak-zaregistrirovatsya-iz-rossii.html ]]> Have you ever tried using AI to improve your sales pitches, presentations or webinars? How could AI add value? ✓ brainstorm ideas ✓ synthesise big data for a survey ✓ generate contents ✓ provide feedback on human-generated contents ✓ play the role of a sparring partner sparring partner = person that you regularly have friendly arguments or discussions with https://beta.character.ai/]]> Sample answer 1 - Sales simulator Would you like to travel by train rather than by car? For shorter travels yes And for longer travels? Car But isn't it more tiring to drive long distances? Yes but for longer journeys driving can be better as you have more storage, a more comfortable seat, cheaper and quicker. While a train has no stress of driving but you still need to walk from the train station the car could also hold more and be more comfortable. If the journey is not too long then train is better I really disagree. And what about the ecological impact? While the train is slightly environmentally better the fuel efficiency of modern cars makes it almost negligible. There is also a higher chance that the train may be delayed or cancelled. As well as the fact that you have to travel to and from the station as well as book the tickets whereas the car is just a start up and travel meaning it will probably be quicker. Sample answer 2 - Sales expert Would you like to travel by train rather than by car? Yes, I would prefer to travel by train rather than by car. Trains are a more ecological form of transportation, and I prefer not to contribute to global warming. Additionally, trains offer increased amenities and comfort that make traveling more pleasant. ]]> https://writesonic.com/chat (login required, e.g. via a google account) https://chat.openai.com/ (vpn, mobile phone number abroad required - or see workaround below) ]]> ✓ Write a short presentation about the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by train Advantages and Disadvantages of Travelling by Train Traveling by train offers a unique experience with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Let's explore both sides of the coin: Advantages 1. Comfort and Relaxation Trains provide spacious seating, generous legroom, and the freedom to move around during the journey, offering a more relaxed and comfortable travel experience compared to other modes of transportation. 2. Scenic Views Train travel offers breathtaking views of diverse landscapes, allowing passengers to immerse themselves in the beauty of the journey, from rolling countryside to coastal vistas. 3. Environmentally Friendly Trains are a greener mode of transportation, emitting fewer greenhouse gases per passenger mile compared to cars and airplanes, making them a more sustainable travel option. 4. Convenient Connections Train stations are often conveniently located in city centers, providing easy access to urban areas without the hassle of lengthy airport transfers, reducing overall travel time and stress. 5. Onboard Amenities Many trains offer amenities such as Wi-Fi, dining cars, and comfortable lounges, providing passengers with the convenience of staying connected and enjoying a variety of services during the journey. Disadvantages 1. Limited Routes Train networks may have limited coverage compared to road or air transportation, which can restrict travel options, especially in remote or less accessible areas. 2. Time-Consuming Train travel may take longer than flying, especially for long distances, which can be a drawback for those seeking the quickest mode of transportation. 3. Schedule Dependence Trains operate on fixed schedules, and delays can occur due to various reasons, potentially impacting travel plans and requiring passengers to adhere to specific departure times. 4. Limited Flexibility Unlike driving, train travel offers limited flexibility to make impromptu stops or detours, as journeys are predetermined by the train schedule and route. 5. Cost While train travel can be cost-effective for certain routes, tickets for high-speed or long-distance trains may be relatively expensive compared to other modes of transportation, impacting travel budgets. In conclusion, while train travel offers numerous benefits such as comfort, scenic views, and environmental sustainability, it also presents limitations in terms of route coverage, travel time, and flexibility. Understanding these pros and cons can help travelers make informed decisions based on their specific needs and preferences. src: AI generated answer by Chatsonic https://writesonic.com/chat ]]> 1 How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses 20240327 hw20240403 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Have you ever experienced high-tech bureaucracy? What could this look like? How humans and AI can work together to create better businesses Sylvain Duranton - TED@BCG Mumbai September 2019 Here's a paradox: as companies try to streamline their businesses by using artificial intelligence to make critical decisions, they may inadvertently make themselves less efficient. Business technologist Sylvain Duranton advocates for a "Human plus AI" approach -- using AI systems alongside humans, not instead of them -- and shares the specific formula companies can adopt to successfully employ AI while keeping humans in the loop https://www.ted.com/talks/sylvain_duranton_how_humans_and_ai_can_work_together_to_create_better_businesses?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_humans_and_AI_can_work_together_to_create_better_businesses_53024.mp4 what is algocracy? [01:03] ✓ situation when AI takes more and more critical decisions according to rules outside of any human control ✓ bureaucracy favours rules and procedures over human judgement ✓ AI decides solely based on rules (mostly inferred from past data) What is the human-zero mindset? Why is it so tempting? [01:46] ✓ situation when many corporate executives behave like bureaucrats from the past → take costly, old-fashioned humans out of the loop → rely only upon AI to take decisions ✓ "Human plus AI" route is long, costly & difficult → business teams, tech teams, data-science teams have to iterate for months to craft exactly how humans and AI can best work together to craft = to make sth using special skills, especially with your hands What examples of silly AI behaviour are given? [02:41] visual

"Had the same situation with my mother's burial urn." [03:11] "For months after her death, I got messages from Amazon, saying, 'If you liked that ...' " → necessity ≠ empathy 〆rejection of a student application for university → AI had "learned" on past data characteristics of students that will pass and fail e.g. if in the past all students from a given postal code have failed → AI will likely make this a rule → will reject every student with this postal code ≠ no opportunity to prove the rule wrong ]]> What is the algocratic nightmare? [04:10] ✓ AI constantly learning → no one can check all the rules 〆nobody is accountable ✓ fair because the same set of objective rules has been applied to everyone 〆cannot reconsider answer because algorithms don't change their mind What is the formula of 'Human plus AI'? [04:53] 10% algorithms + 20% technology + 70% people & processes ✓ 10% algorithms = code algos → both data scientists AND domain experts → domain experts should check each variable of the model [07:16] e.g. double-check false negatives of the risk of a heart attack after taking drugs ✓ 20% technology = build tech around the algorithms → collect data → build UI → integrate into legacy systems ✓ 70% people & processes = weave together AI with people and processes → maximize real outcome to weave = to put facts, events, details, etc. together to make a story or a closely connected whole What did a competition to forecast sales of a fashion retailer organized with human buyers and AI demonstrate? [08:05] → recreate a new model = model where human intervention improves AI answers and not the opposite! ]]> How was the fashion retailer sales forecast model improved? [09:40] ✓ humans don't try to guess when AI is wrong → AI takes real input from human buyers = change of user interface ✓ AI queries about missing data e.g. "Hey, humans! I don't know the trends for next year. → Could you share with me your top creative bets?" e.g. I cannot find any good comparables in the past for them. → "Hey, humans! Could you help me quantify those few big items? ✓ "Human plus AI" win → reduce forecast errors by 50% ]]> How to deal with the use of AI in the grey zone? [11:22] ✓ defining ethical rules and standards ✓ help business & tech teams ✓ set limits between personalization & manipulation ✓ distinguish customization of offers from discrimination ✓ differentiate targeting & intrusion What should organisations do to win? [13:27] ✓ invest in human knowledge, not just AI and data → recruit, train, reward human experts 〆data said to be the new oil ✓ human knowledge will make the difference = only derrick available to pump the oil hidden in the data derrick = tall structure over an oil well for holding a drill (which makes the hole in the ground for getting the oil out) white-collar = working in an office, rather than in a factory, etc.; connected with work in offices underwriting = accepting responsibility for an insurance policy so that you will pay money in case loss or damage happens to gain = to obtain or win sth, especially sth that you need or want to embrace = (formal) to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc., especially when it is done with enthusiasm to ramp up = to bolster or strengthen; used in economics and business to describe an increase in a firm's production ahead of anticipated increases in product demand. Alternatively, ramp-up describes the period from completed initial product development to maximum capacity utilization, characterized by product and process experimentation and improvements nay sayer = person who always says 'No' to take over = to seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession sparring partner = person that you regularly have friendly arguments or discussions with to kick-start = to do sth to help a process or project start more quickly discrepancy = difference between two or more things that should be the same far-stretched = difficult to believe and unlikely to be true to yield = to produce copywriting = act or occupation of writing text for the purpose of advertising or other forms of marketing. Copywriting is aimed at selling products or services knowledgeable = well-informed; intelligent to alienate = to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group to refine = to improve sth by making small changes to it endorsement = statement made in an advertisement, usually by sb famous or important, saying that they use and like a particular product divergent = considering many different possibilities, especially unusual ones, in a way that helps you to think of new ideas or solutions; tending to reach a variety of possible solutions when analysing a problem prompt engineering = process of structuring text that can be interpreted and understood by a generative AI model. A prompt is natural language text describing the task that an AI should perform 20240320 18:10-19:30 2 active Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland By the end of this session you will have studied Quarterly test 〆no dictionaries 〆no language notes → complete as h/w → deadline Friday 20240320 → time allowed: 60min Quarterly test (on-line version)

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland 20240313 hw20240320 pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland | TEDxSouthBank Currently around 63% of students are disengaged at school, meaning that they withdrawal either physically or mentally before they have mastered the skills that are required to flourish in later life. In this talk Scott Bolland explores the science of learning, the mismatch between how we teach and how the brain natural learns, and the important role that artificial intelligence could take in addressing the limitations in our current education system. Dr Scott Bolland is the founder of New Dawn Technologies, a high-tech software company aiming to revolutionise education through the use of artificial intelligence. He has spent the last 20 years actively researching and teaching in the field of cognitive science – the scientific study of how the mind works – which spans disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. He holds a PhD in this field, as well as a university medal for outstanding academic scholarship. (2016) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cYIvfS-knA → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> 1 Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland 20240313 hw20240320 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Why do we need AI in education? How could AI help you design webinars & presentations in a more engaging manner? Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland | TEDxSouthBank Currently around 63% of students are disengaged at school, meaning that they withdrawal either physically or mentally before they have mastered the skills that are required to flourish in later life. In this talk Scott Bolland explores the science of learning, the mismatch between how we teach and how the brain natural learns, and the important role that artificial intelligence could take in addressing the limitations in our current education system. Dr Scott Bolland is the founder of New Dawn Technologies, a high-tech software company aiming to revolutionise education through the use of artificial intelligence. He has spent the last 20 years actively researching and teaching in the field of cognitive science – the scientific study of how the mind works – which spans disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. He holds a PhD in this field, as well as a university medal for outstanding academic scholarship. (2016) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cYIvfS-knA → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> Why is Facebook so “attractive” according to Dr Scott Bolland? How can you apply the same principles when posting on LinkedIn? [02:58-03:21] ✓ provides a constant stream of new information ✓ strives to remain on the periphery of one's knowledge → keeps the platform engaging and addictive = avoids being monotonous or overly familiar ✓ attract followers on LinkedIn by challenging their skills ✓ post creative thoughts that tease their professional ego → touch followers' narcissistic soft point to tease = to laugh at sb and make jokes about them either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them narcissistic /ˌnɑː.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ = having too much interest in and admiration for yourself Dr Scott Bolland provided a diagram of the learning centres of the brain that release endorphins depending on the degree of familiarity with the material. [02:28] How can we apply this to designing presentations, webinars & sales pitches? ✓ hard-wired to learn = brain rewards learning with pleasure through endorphins and dopamine → introduce new concepts, solutions, products that challenge audience / prospective buyers without overwhelming them → discovery & learning process should be successive = new information should be layered on existing knowledge → sales pitches should create demand for a product on the periphery of your needs = identify unmet needs of clients hard-wired = automatically thinking or behaving in a particular way How does the described experiment with the robot reflect humans' learning process? [05:15] ✓ demonstrates the importance of inner motivation and self-exploration ✓ robot & humans engage in random behaviour = trial and error → aimless exploration brings minimal results = boredom ✓ robot encounters useful interactions e.g. make an object swing, trigger music by pressing a button ✓ shift to purposeful action → experience positive emotions → begin to value some behaviours (i.e. those that result in a new positive outcome) → discard other behaviours (i.e. that are already learnt and boring) → happiness = learning catalyst ✓ promote engagement ✓ encourage skill acquisition ✓ stimulate inner drive to explore & understand the world ✓ ensure presentations / webinars feature some purposeful interactions e.g. show of hands, multiple choice questions, debating in breakout rooms → define the purpose of the presentation at the beginning to explain the expected end state ✓ engage attendees in a webinar by conducting case studies → generate satisfaction in achieving results → make use of friendly competition among participants as a learning catalyst purposeful /ˈpə:pəsful/ = having or indicating purpose, intentional What’s wrong with the educational system and arguable with webinars & sales pitches in general? [05:48] 〆mismatch between how we teach and how the brain naturally learns 〆some people are going to be ahead and bored 〆others are left behind → learning feels aversive = few members of the audience are getting the information on the periphery of their knowledge → what is required for optimal learning and pleasure 63% students disengaged ✓ design graded presentations / webinars → activities should be of varied difficulties, perhaps at the discretion of the moderator / keynote speaker e.g. feature 2-3 sets of questions (for managers, staff members, clients) aversive = making someone feel a strong dislike for something, or making them not want to do it How does spaced repetition enhance learning performance? What significant advantage does it offer over traditional study methods? [09:26] ✓ review information just before it is about to be forgotten → refresh knowledge at optimal intervals ✓ forgetting curve becomes less steep → improved recall and performance ✓ active recall = testing oneself on the information being studied (e.g. flashcards) ≠ passive methods (e.g. re-reading or highlighting) → better understanding and practical use of information ✓ distinguish cramming from spaced repetition to cram for sth = to learn a lot of things in a short time, in preparation for an exam What three levels can AI support? [08:42] ✓ level 1 - rote learning → memorize information passively → use space repetition individualised thanks to AI ✓ level 2 - generative AI [11:35] → focus on active learning through problem-solving and creativity ✓ consider each person's unique learning style ✓ stimulate critical thinking abilities e.g. ask personal questions = use AI to create contents suited to the person's skill level, enhancing engagement and skill development ✓ level 3 - integrative AI [13:15] → integrate generative AI with tools like virtual reality, gesture recognition, and other advanced technologies ✓ create immersive & interactive learning scenarios tailored to individual members of the audience e.g. video conferencing software can recognise attendees' body language (thumbs up) generative /ˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/ = able to produce or create something; ~ AI: use or study of artificial intelligences that are able to produce text, images, etc integrative /ˈɪn.tə.ɡrə.tɪv/ = combining two or more things in order to make them more effective immersive /ɪˈmɜː.sɪv/ = seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something What does ‘the kindling of a flame” rather than ‘the filling of a vessel’ suggest about the role of educators / keynote speakers in engaging their audience? [14:54] ✓ use kindling (small dry pieces of wood) to start a fire ↔ true education involves "igniting" the intrinsic curiosity and joy within each person ✓ like "sparks" that help minds and feelings grow → instil thirst for knowledge, critical thinking skills, and a passion for lifelong learning 〆discard passive process of "filling a vessel" ↔ don't just give knowledge ✓ webinars must encourage viewers to participate (i.e. become active participants) and want to learn more → use of AI to design compelling presentations will soon become the norm ✓ new information should be layered on existing knowledge → focus on the periphery of knowledge → keep learners engaged ✓ reward purposeful action → refresh knowledge at optimal intervals → make forgetting curve less steep kindling = small dry pieces of wood to instil sth (in / into sb) = to gradually make sb feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time 1 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png What jobs will be replaced by AI? 20240320 hw20240327 active wip xml_multi_dd_row How will AI affect jobs? How many jobs will be replaced by AI in the near future? Artificial intelligence (AI) could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs (...) The report also predicts two-thirds of jobs in the U.S. and Europe “are exposed to some degree of AI automation,” and around a quarter of all jobs could be performed by AI entirely src: investment bank Goldman Sachs https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html Educated white-collar workers earning up to $80,000 a year are the most likely to be affected by workforce automation src: University of Pennsylvania and OpenAI https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html → put the jobs under the correct heading → suggest why some jobs may be automated → give examples how professionals might change their work ]]> 47 14 left 1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8 9;10;11;12;13;14;15;16 Jobs likely to be automated Customer service representative Receptionists Accountants/Bookkeepers Salespeople Research and analysis Warehouse work Insurance underwriting Retail Jobs not likely to be replaced by AI teachers lawyers & judges directors, managers and CEOs HR managers psychologists & psychiatrists surgeons computer system analysts artists & writers src: How Will Artificial Intelligence Affect Jobs 2024-2030 https://www.nexford.edu/insights/how-will-ai-affect-jobs --> ]]> to tease = to laugh at sb and make jokes about them either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them narcissistic = having too much interest in and admiration for yourself hard-wired = automatically thinking or behaving in a particular way purposeful = having or indicating purpose, intentional aversive = making someone feel a strong dislike for something, or making them not want to do it generative = able to produce or create something; ~ AI: use or study of artificial intelligences that are able to produce text, images, etc integrative = combining two or more things in order to make them more effective immersive = seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something kindling = small dry pieces of wood to instil sth (in / into sb) = to gradually make sb feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time narcissistic /ˌnɑː.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ purposeful /ˈpə:pəsful/ generative /ˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/ integrative /ˈɪn.tə.ɡrə.tɪv/ immersive /ɪˈmɜː.sɪv/ 20240313 18:10-19:30 2 active Social advertising By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 3 Social advertising 20240306 hw20240313 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png You are more beautiful than you think In one of its most famous films, Real Beauty Sketches explores the gap between how others perceive us and how we perceive ourselves. Each woman is the subject of two portraits drawn by FBI-trained forensic artist Gil Zamora: one based on her own description, and the other using a stranger’s observations. The results are surprising... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk source: Dove Real Beauty Sketches → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> 1 Reverse culture shock 20240228 hw20240306 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Imagine you had to return to Russia after living several years abroad: what problems would you experience? What new habits would you find difficult to give up? visual aid

source: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022022118798505 ]]> to put someone off = to make someone dislike something or someone, or to discourage someone from doing something off-putting = not pleasant, in a way that prevents you from liking sb/sth What kind of behavioural patterns & cultural habits could you have taken back with you to Russia that might surprise your relatives & acquaintances? punctuality, politeness, smiling...? visual aid

source: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022022118798505 ]]> 3 Social advertising 20240306 hw20240313 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Does your (professional / personal) success depend on the way you look? In what culture(s)? Why / why not? You are more beautiful than you think In one of its most famous films, Real Beauty Sketches explores the gap between how others perceive us and how we perceive ourselves. Each woman is the subject of two portraits drawn by FBI-trained forensic artist Gil Zamora: one based on her own description, and the other using a stranger’s observations. The results are surprising... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk source: Dove Real Beauty Sketches → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> dove_real_beauty_sketches_xpaojmxyjgk.mp4 I'm a forensic artist, worked for the San José Police Department from 1995 to 2011. I showed up to a place I've never been and there was a guy with a drafting board. We couldn't see them, they couldn't see us. Tell me about your hair I didn't know what he was doing, but then I could tell after several questions that he was drawing me. Tell me about your chin. It kind that protrudes a little bit. Especially when I smile. Your jaw? My mom told me I had a big jaw. What would be your most prominent feature. Kinda have fat, rounded face. The older I've gotten the most freckles I've gotten. I would say I have a pretty big forehead. Once I get a sketch, I say "thank you very much" and then they leave.I don't see them. All I have been told before the sketch was to get friendly with this other woman: Chloe. Today I'm gonna ask you some questions about the person you met earlier and I'm gonna ask you some general questions about their face. She was thin, so you can see her cheek bones. And her chin was a nice, thin chin. She had nice eyes. They lit up when she spoke. Cute nose. She had blue eyes. Very nice blue eyes. Ok... So here we are...This is the sketch you helped me create. And that's a sketch that somebody described of you. Yeah, that's... She looks closed off and fatter. Sadder too. The second one looks more open. Friendly and happy. I should be more grateful of my natural beauty. It impacts the choices in friends that we make, the jobs we apply for, how we treat our children It impacts everything. It couldn't be more critical to your happiness. Do you think you're more beautiful then you say? Yeah... yeah... We spend a lot of time as woman analyzing and trying to fix the things that aren't quite right and should spend more time appreciating the things we do like. YOU ARE MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN YOU THINK. Why is it difficult not to look good / handsome / pretty / ravishing? Is this more representative of a masculinity or femininity cultural dimension? ✓ individualist culture calls for competition in all aspects, including appearance → probably more representative of a masculinity cultural dimension 〆cultures with high femininity indexes expect equal rights & treatment → you don't have to be 'beautiful' to succeed ravishing = extremely beautiful, gorgeous Why should women be more grateful of their natural beauty? Is it more obvious in individualist or collectivist cultures? ✓ impacts the choices in friends they make ✓ influences the jobs they apply for ✓ changes how they treat their children = accept yourself as you are → perhaps more obvious to women in collectivist cultures... Why should you be (or not be) critical of your natural beauty? Is this an indicator of a more indulgence or restraint-minded kind of culture? 〆shouldn't be so critical of your beauty ✓ impacts your happiness → more relevant to an indulgence-minded culture Do you agree with the conclusion? What kind of audience does it target? ✓ you are more beautiful than you think → improve self-confidence = more relevant message to an individualist culture paying attention to indulgence Why is social advertising effective? How representative is it of the cultural dimensions of the target society? ✓ social advertising relies on social information or networks in generating, targeting, and delivering marketing communications. e.g. use a particular Internet service to collect social information, establish and maintain relationships with consumers, and for delivering communications ✓ one of the main reasons users rely on social media is because it's a source of entertainment → provides users with a feeling of inclusiveness ✓ in making the customers feel the inclusiveness, social advertising targeting a specific group of users is presented as if these advertisements are customized for the users in their perspective → makes them feel the attention they do not often feel in the real world = echo cultural expectations of the target culture e.g. indulgence or restraint (src: Wikipedia) 1 Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland 20240313 hw20240320 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Why do we need AI in education? How could AI help you design webinars & presentations in a more engaging manner? Neuroscience, AI and the Future of Education | Scott Bolland | TEDxSouthBank Currently around 63% of students are disengaged at school, meaning that they withdrawal either physically or mentally before they have mastered the skills that are required to flourish in later life. In this talk Scott Bolland explores the science of learning, the mismatch between how we teach and how the brain natural learns, and the important role that artificial intelligence could take in addressing the limitations in our current education system. Dr Scott Bolland is the founder of New Dawn Technologies, a high-tech software company aiming to revolutionise education through the use of artificial intelligence. He has spent the last 20 years actively researching and teaching in the field of cognitive science – the scientific study of how the mind works – which spans disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. He holds a PhD in this field, as well as a university medal for outstanding academic scholarship. (2016) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cYIvfS-knA → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> Why is Facebook so “attractive” according to Dr Scott Bolland? How can you apply the same principles when posting on LinkedIn? ✓ provides a constant stream of new information ✓ strives to remain on the periphery of one's knowledge → keeps the platform engaging and addictive = avoids being monotonous or overly familiar ✓ attract followers on LinkedIn by challenging their skills ✓ post creative thoughts that tease their professional ego → touch followers' narcissistic soft point to tease = to laugh at sb and make jokes about them either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them narcissistic /ˌnɑː.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ = having too much interest in and admiration for yourself Dr Scott Bolland provided a diagram of the learning centres of the brain that release endorphins depending on the degree of familiarity with the material. How can we apply this to designing presentations, webinars & sales pitches? ✓ hard-wired to learn = brain rewards learning with pleasure through endorphins and dopamine → introduce new concepts, solutions, products that challenge audience / prospective buyers without overwhelming them → discovery & learning process should be successive = new information should be layered on existing knowledge → sales pitches should create demand for a product in the periphery of your needs = identify unmet needs of clients hard-wired = automatically thinking or behaving in a particular way How does the described experiment with the robot reflect humans' learning process? ✓ demonstrates the importance of inner motivation and self-exploration ✓ robot & humans engage in random behaviour = trial and error → aimless exploration brings minimal results = boredom ✓ robot encounters useful interactions e.g. make an object swing, trigger music by pressing a button ✓ shift to purposeful action → experience positive emotions → begin to value some behaviours (i.e. those that result in a new positive outcome) → discard other behaviours (i.e. that are already learnt and boring) → happiness = learning catalyst ✓ promote engagement ✓ encourage skill acquisition ✓ stimulate inner drive to explore & understand the world ✓ ensure presentations / webinars feature some purposeful interactions e.g. show of hands, multiple choice questions, debating in breakout rooms → define the purpose of the presentation at the beginning to explain the expected end state ✓ engage attendees in a webinar by conducting case studies → generate satisfaction in achieving results → make use of friendly competition among participants as a learning catalyst purposeful /ˈpə:pəsful/ = having or indicating purpose, intentional What’s wrong with the educational system and arguable with webinars & sales pitches in general? 〆mismatch between how we teach and how the brain naturally learns 〆some people are going to be ahead and bored 〆others are left behind → learning feels aversive = few members of the audience are getting the information on the periphery of their knowledge → what is required for optimal learning and pleasure 63% students disengaged ✓ design graded presentations / webinars → activities should be of varied difficulties, perhaps at the discretion of the moderator / keynote speaker e.g. feature 2-3 sets of questions (for managers, staff members, clients) aversive = making someone feel a strong dislike for something, or making them not want to do it What three levels can AI support? ✓ level 1 - rote learning → memorize information passively ✓ level 2 - generative AI → focus on active learning through problem-solving and creativity ✓ consider each person's unique learning style ✓ stimulate critical thinking abilities e.g. ask personal questions = use AI to create contents suited to the person's skill level, enhancing engagement and skill development ✓ level 3 - integrative AI → integrate generative AI with tools like virtual reality, gesture recognition, and other advanced technologies ✓ create immersive & interactive learning scenarios tailored to individual members of the audience e.g. video conferencing software can recognise attendees' body language (thumbs up) generative /ˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/ = able to produce or create something; ~ AI: use or study of artificial intelligences that are able to produce text, images, etc integrative /ˈɪn.tə.ɡrə.tɪv/ = combining two or more things in order to make them more effective immersive /ɪˈmɜː.sɪv/ = seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something What does ‘the kindling of a flame” rather than ‘the filling of a vessel’ suggest about the role of educators / keynote speakers in engaging their audience? ✓ use kindling (small dry pieces of wood) to start a fire ↔ true education involves "igniting" the intrinsic curiosity and joy within each person ✓ like "sparks" that help minds and feelings grow → instil thirst for knowledge, critical thinking skills, and a passion for lifelong learning 〆discard passive process of "filling a vessel" ↔ don't just give knowledge ✓ webinars must encourage viewers to participate (i.e. become active participants) and want to learn more → use of AI to design compelling presentations will soon become the norm ✓ new information should be layered on existing knowledge → focus on the periphery of knowledge → keep learners engaged ✓ reward purposeful action → refresh knowledge at optimal intervals → make forgetting curve less steep kindling = small dry pieces of wood to instil sth (in / into sb) = to gradually make sb feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time to put someone off = to make someone dislike something or someone, or to discourage someone from doing something social advertising = relies on social information or networks in generating, targeting, and delivering marketing communications, e.g. use a particular Internet service to collect social information, establish and maintain relationships with consumers, and for delivering communications. Provides users with a feeling of inclusiveness forensic = connected with the scientific tests used by the police when trying to solve a crime ravishing = extremely beautiful, gorgeous 20240306 18:10-19:30 2 active Discriminative screening - Reverse culture shock Reverse culture shock By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 Reverse culture shock 20240228 hw20240306 pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png This is Russia Animation Video for Russian lighting company Tochka Opory, showing what Russia really is for foreign businessmen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOPuvTMndIs → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 2 Discriminative screening for a post active wip edit_ol_qa_show_hide_row edit_ol_qa_show_hide edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Is it possible to recruit a candidate for a job without prejudice, micro insults or risk of running into positive discrimination out of good intentions (i.e. political correctness)? to uncover information for each candidate → go through each candidate (horizontally) → compare the candidates & select who you think might not get into the next round → justify your choice (practise cultural dimensions, political correctness, affirmative action) → click on the next show_hide

to discover more information for each candidate but don't uncover more than 2 pieces of information in one round → go through each candidate (horizontally) → compare the candidates & select who you think cannot go onto the next round → justify your choice (practise cultural dimensions, political correctness, affirmative action) → continue until you reach the last piece of information & decide who is your favourite candidate → click on the last show_hide

to find out exactly who you have chosen → click on other candidates to find out who you had dismissed Are you satisfied with the candidate you have chosen? or have you been misled by good intentions? → explain how you tried to avoid preferential treatment & reverse discrimination, and succeeded (or failed...)]]> 20 visual aid

candidate A Nationality - status
→ naturalized U.S. citizen (born in Austria)
divorced, 4 children Education
→ reportedly academically average at school but stood out for his "cheerful, good-humoured, and exuberant" character. He struggled with reading and was later diagnosed as being dyslexic → attended business school and worked at a gym, where he worked and trained 2 years before returning to London to win his next Mr. Universe title in body building Roots
→ his father was the local chief of police, and after the Anschluss in 1938, joined the Nazi Party → suffered what "would now be called child abuse" at the hands of his father: "My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn't want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel Professional experience
→ played in (mainly) action films, led a (rather short) political career Misc
→ posed for the gay magazine After Dark → collaborated on a campaign by WildAid - "Less Meat, Less Heat", which encourages people to eat less meat as a means of combating climate change

Arnold Schwarzenegger ]]> visual aid

candidate B Nationality - status
→ American
married, 2 children Education
→ some of her teachers in high school tried to dissuade her from applying to a prestigious university, she was also warned against setting her sights too high → graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School Roots
→ her paternal great-great grandfather, Jim Robinson, was born into slavery in 1850 on Friendfield Plantation, near Georgetown, South Carolina → all four of her grandparents had multiracial ancestors, reflecting the complex history of the U.S. Her extended family has said that people did not talk about the era of slavery when they were growing up Professional experience
→ worked in non-profits and as the associate dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago. Later she served as, vice president for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center Misc
→ served as a role model for women and worked as an advocate for poverty awareness, education, nutrition, physical activity, and healthy eating → supported American designers and was considered a fashion icon

Michelle Obama ]]> visual aid

candidate C Nationality - status
→Norwegian
single Education
→ political science programme, University of Oslo → wrote a 1500-pg manifesto Roots
→ son of a civil economist who worked as a diplomat for the Norwegian Embassy in London and later in Paris, and a nurse
→ his mother had wanted to abort him but by the time she went to a hospital, she had passed the three-month threshold for an abortion. She thought that her son was a "fundamentally nasty and evil child and determined to destroy her." She stopped breastfeeding her son early on because he was "sucking the life out of her" → as a child, he had little emotional engagement and did not show joy or cry when he was hurt; he also made no attempts to play with other children and was extremely clean and became anxious when his toys were not in order Professional experience
→ worked in the customer service department of a company, with "people from all countries" and being "kind to everyone". A former co-worker described him as an "exceptional colleague", while a close friend of him said he usually had a big ego Misc
→ has travelled extensively and visited up to 24 countries by his early twenties → founded a farming company to cultivate vegetables, melons, roots in 2009

far right terrorist Anders Behring Breivik
dressed in a home-made police uniform and showing false identification, he took a ferry to the island of Utøya in Tyrifjorden, Viken, and opened fire at the participants of a summer camp, killing 69 and injuring 32 (Norway attacks in 2011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks) ]]> visual aid

candidate D Nationality - status
→ French
divorced, 3 children Education
→ graduated with a Master of Laws and a Master of Advanced Studies in criminal law . → was raised Roman Catholic Roots
→ daughter of a former paratrooper who had attracted controversy by saying that the mass murder of Jews in gas chambers during the Holocaust was "a detail of the history of World War II". Her mother left the family when she was 16. This was "the most awful, cruel, crushing of pains of the heart: my mother did not love me." → was in a relationship 10 years with an ethnic French Pied-Noir with Algerian Jewish heritage Professional experience
→ registered at the Paris bar association, she worked as a lawyer for six years
→ acquired her first political mandate at the age of 20 when she was elected a Regional Councillor for Nord-Pas-de-Calais Misc
→ in 2015, a Lyon court acquitted her of "inciting hatred", ruling that her statement "did not target all of the Muslim community" and was protected "as a part of freedom of expression" → in 2014, the American magazine Foreign Policy mentioned her, along with four other French people, in its list of the 100 global thinkers of the year

Marine Le Pen (president of French, far-right Front National)
(government spokesman François Baroin characterized her remarks as racist and xenophobic)]]> 1 Reverse culture shock - to be cont. 20240228 hw20240306 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Imagine you had to return to Russia after living several years abroad: what problems would you experience? What new habits would you find difficult to give up? visual aid

→ match the descriptions with the categories → which situation(s) in the descriptions may call for better equity, or vice-versa? → which situation(s) in the descriptions might be considered as politically incorrect, or be perceived as a micro insult? ]]> 45 8 left visual aid

]]> 1;3;4 2;5;6;7;8 2 Discriminative screening for a post wip active edit_ol_qa_show_hide_row pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Is it possible to recruit a candidate for a job without prejudice, micro insults or risk of running into positive discrimination out of good intentions (i.e. political correctness)? to uncover information for each candidate → go through each candidate (horizontally) → compare the candidates & select who you think might not get into the next round → justify your choice (practise cultural dimensions, political correctness, affirmative action) → click on the next show_hide

Arnold Schwarzenegger ]]> visual aid

Michelle Obama ]]> visual aid

Marine Le Pen (president of French, far-right Front National)
(government spokesman François Baroin characterized her remarks as racist and xenophobic)]]> 1 Reverse culture shock 20240228 hw20240306 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Imagine you had to return to Russia after living several years abroad: what problems would you experience? What new habits would you find difficult to give up? visual aid

This is Russia Animation Video for Russian lighting company Tochka Opory, showing what Russia really is for foreign businessmen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOPuvTMndIs → watch the video → answer the questions]]> this_is_russia.mp4 russian_cyberpunk_farm_РУССКАЯ_КИБЕРДЕРЕВНЯ-8hz4dnvfwyq.mp4 What stereotypes are mentioned? Would you have difficulty putting up with these cultural disparities? What steps could you take to mitigate these possible nuisances? What kind of behavioural patterns & cultural habits could you have taken back with you to Russia that might surprise your relatives & acquaintances? punctuality, politeness, smiling...? equality = each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities equity = recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome appropriation = act of taking sth which belongs to sb else, especially without permission ilk = (informal, sometimes disapproving) type; kind queasy = slightly nervous or worried about sth; feeling sick; wanting to vomit headdress = covering worn on the head on special occasions, e.g. Native-American chief headdress of an Indian costume majority major part of this route (OR track | railway) is... For people like ~~she~~ her, it's very serious ]]> 20240221 18:10-19:30 2 active This is what LGBT life is like around the world Culture appropriation vs appreciation Equity vs equality Reverse culture shock By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 This is what LGBT life is like around the world 20240214 hw20240221 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png This is what LGBT life is like around the world As a gay couple in San Francisco, Jenni Chang and Lisa Dazols had a relatively easy time living the way they wanted. But outside the bubble of the Bay Area, what was life like for people still lacking basic rights? They set off on a world tour in search of "Supergays," LGBT people who were doing something extraordinary in the world. In 15 countries across Africa, Asia and South America -- from India, recently home to the world's first openly gay prince, to Argentina, the first country in Latin America to grant marriage equality -- they found the inspiring stories and the courageous, resilient and proud Supergays they had been looking for. https://www.ted.com/talks/jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols_this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> 1 This is what LGBT life is like around the world 20240214 hw20240221 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa_graded pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Would you choose a representative from a minority to enrich diversity of ideas in your work group? How would you deal with uncertainty avoidance from team members if some people showed unusual indulgence vs restraint in their emotional relationships? This is what LGBT life is like around the world As a gay couple in San Francisco, Jenni Chang and Lisa Dazols had a relatively easy time living the way they wanted. But outside the bubble of the Bay Area, what was life like for people still lacking basic rights? They set off on a world tour in search of "Supergays," LGBT people who were doing something extraordinary in the world. In 15 countries across Africa, Asia and South America -- from India, recently home to the world's first openly gay prince, to Argentina, the first country in Latin America to grant marriage equality -- they found the inspiring stories and the courageous, resilient and proud Supergays they had been looking for. https://www.ted.com/talks/jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols_this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world_2370.mp4 let's talk about the impact of linguistic bias on education we as educators like to talk about how linguistic difference or language difference is a strength in the classroom but i asked the question do we really treat it that way in the classroom setting when someone uses a different language or a different linguistic difference do we really treat it as a strength or do we treat it like an error so i like to talk about african-american vernacular english or ave as i like to call it for the acronym aave so help me make that stick ah they i like to call it when we look at ave though do we really use that or we talk about that as a strength or do we talk about that as a deficit arguably ave is the most researched dialect in america and yet it still is the least respected this is my daughter sophia i love this picture of her she looks like she's running for office she's in third grade here in this picture and she had some experiences with this in her classroom as many teachers do many educators do they'll put these sentences on the board and say fix these sentences these sentences are wrong can you make them correct so she had these sentences on her paper and one of them said mrs johnson be organizing the fall festival well sophia being my daughter and knowing all about ave quickly crossed that out and wrote ave in the margin raised her hand for the teacher and said um excuse me there's nothing wrong with this sentence this sentence is written in ave and my mama said this is important to black people and black culture and this is how we talk and i think you might be racist that's what she said now at the exact same time interestingly enough i was working as a speech language pathologist in an urban education setting and i was starting to have some of these same experiences where educators were referring students to me black students who spoke ave and they kept asking me can you please evaluate this child he doesn't speak right he needs to talk better you need to fix this he's now not writing right you need to fix him and so i said no this is a dialectal difference and as a speech language pathologist i don't work on dialectal differences only disorder this is not a disorder the educators kept insisting of course that it was and i started to do some research on this because it became really fascinating to me and i learned that black students in america are two and a half times more likely to receive special education services mostly for learning disabilities or speech language services or behavioral disorder two and a half more times more likely than white students to receive special education services i was concerned by this so instead of calling these children disordered i started educating the staff and i started educating families and students if they were old enough about dialectal difference as it compares to mainstream american english because mainstream american english is what the school system deems as correct or normal even if someone outside of that dialect speaks a different dialect so i started educating the staff started educating students and families about ave and i taught them that ave has cultural significance in black communities linguists have already shown that language structure in ave is very very similar to what you find in west africa why is that you might ask right because when africans were captured and then trafficked here to america and enslaved they didn't know english they didn't speak the language so they took what they knew about language superimposed it onto southern american english and ave was born so that has now persisted over the years over the centuries into what we now call ave it has its own phonological system it has its own semantic system syntax grammar and it's all consistent with languages spoken in west africa so i watch a lot of tv okay i love to critique tv and movies it's one of my favorite pastimes so i started noticing some of these nuances in some of the television shows that are presented today on on television and one of them being not all ave speakers are black and not all black people speak ave i think the the tv show blackish does a really good job of exemplifying that and so does shameless it really does a good job in helping me explain to other the students in particular where some of these nuances come from you talk like who you're around characters in shameless in particular it's a white family living on the south side of chicago in a predominantly black neighborhood so a lot of them speak ave there's this one episode within in shameless where one of the characters is talking to his black friends and he's speaking in ave and there's this brilliant translation at the bottom of the screen in mainstream american english to exemplify for those who can't follow the conversation here's what they're saying in your language i thought that was brilliant so i've kind of picked up on that and i've started doing that when i talk to other people namely other educators or other families and students about ave so let's do a little bit of that here right now so here's an example i'm going to give you three rules related to ave because there's a bunch of them y'all but i'm going to give you three today i'm going to pick on the to be verb because many people pick on the to be verb so i'm going to go ahead and exemplify for you how ave has linguistic rules and it has a system and it has meaning so in ave if you in drop the to be verb in a sentence it means something is happening right now so in the sentence he calling me on my cell phone that means my phone is ringing right now and he's calling me on my cell phone right now so that's an example two sentences in the that mean the exact same thing on your board in two different dialects two different sentences i mean the same thing in two different dialects here's another one when you insert the to be verb in a sentence in ave it means something is happening all the time so if i said he'd be calling me on my cell phone that means he calls me on my cell phone all the time okay obvi speakers just know that we know what that means okay so that's two different sentences on your board one written in navi one written in mainstream american english but they mean the exact same thing here's the last one ben if i put ben in a sentence i know that means for a long long time so he been calling me on my cell phone means that he's been calling me on my cell phone for a long time so i know that as an obvious speaker these words have meaning these words have value so he calling me on my cell phone he'd be calling me on my cell phone he'd been calling me on my cell phone all mean different things okay they do not mean the same thing and you can directly translate that into mainstream american english it's no different than any other dialect guys all dialects have rules think about the bostonians who drop their r's regularly just an example example for you it's completely normal in boston right i can't move to boston and say they're all speaking wrong no that's how they speak you talk like who you're around so if they say pack the cat we know in chicago we wouldn't say it quite that way we'd say park the car but those two sentences mean the exact same thing it's two different dialects that mean the exact same thing where you live dictates how you're going to talk you talk like who you're around that's all dialects are so if i have a community and i was working in a community where the families there spoke exclusively ave it should be no surprise that the kids are going to speak ave at school how do we honor that though i say to honor it in similar ways i just showed you where i'm showing those direct translations for the sake of the students these are my parents and they they taught me how to code switch they both have master's degrees in education and they showed me we spoke ave at home and then when we got out to the to public we would speak in mainstream american english that's just the way it was done not everyone has my experience though you listen to me and you think well you're doing it yeah but not everyone has my experience i challenge you to consider that there are students that i served that were had only access to ave they didn't have access to mainstream american english the way that i did therefore my relationship with co-switching is a little different now that's me and my husband we in our family use more of a code meshing model i speak ave i speak mainstream american english my husband's from texas so he brings in some southern american english and we speak all of them at home we speak all of them i speak them at work i'm doing some of it right now so i like to blend all of my dialects together because i have value and honor for all of these different dialects so i encourage others to do the same in education find out what language what dialect your students are speaking and find value in that as well you remember my daughter sophia who experienced ave as being deemed as wrong in her classroom and she had strong words about that what you don't know though is that that teacher called me she called me from work she called me at work while i was at work and she was so at work to tell me what had just happened and she said the whole class got an education on ave and it's cultural significance from my daughter the teacher said she took pause and thought i've never thought of it that way i've never thought of ave as anything else other than wrong now mind you this teacher happens to be black like me so she was very excited to consider this isn't wrong it's just a dialectal difference and she went to her library there at the school grabbed some books that were written in ave and she read them for the students to exemplify its own significance as well and she said to me from here on out i will do better i will do my best to make sure that i am differentiating between what is a deficit and what is simply a difference because they are not the same thing and that is really all i ask because that is a really great place to start thank you How does the parents’ reaction “We're bringing you back to Taiwan” reflect potential clashes of cultural values and perceptions? How does the high index of uncertainty avoidance in Taiwan determine people’s viewpoints on the LGBT community? ✓ belief that the West has corrupted their daughter with various ideas, including a non-heteronormative sexual orientation → daughter’s sexual orientation is the result of exposure to Western ideals that contradict their traditional ideas = high level of “uncertainty avoidance” ✓ collectivism versus individualism → Taiwan known for its collectivist culture = strong emphasis on group harmony and conformity → Jenni's sexual orientation was a threat to the family's reputation and social standing within their community ✓ stereotypes of male-female roles in society → orientation is not something to be acquired in the social environment one lives in 〆representatives of LGBT communities perceived as the ones trying to undermine mainstream values What are the factors that contribute to the perception of LGBT being an exclusively Western concept, and how does this view hold up when examined through a global and cultural lens? ✓ 75 countries still criminalise sexuality nowadays → people can be incarcerated because of their attempts to fight for their rights ✓ in countries with a patriarchal structure and a traditional world view → high uncertainty avoidance → large power distance = not ready to accept the existence of gay people in their country → fear to be disowned or scorned by others ✓ perception of LGBT being an exclusively Western concept → historical and cultural biases → limited exposure to non-Western perspectives → influence of Western media Why did they travel around the world? Could the results of their journey have any impact on others' acceptance of LGBT people? If so, in what ways? ✓ to find LGBT people who were making extraordinary contributions to their societies = Supergays ✓ demonstrated exceptional courage, resilience, and pride ✓ to discover stories of hope and inspiration → highlight stories of happy, thriving LGBT people → share with the world → contribute to a more nuanced and diverse representation of the global LGBT community ✓ generate empathy, understanding → change attitudes toward greater acceptance Why could the hurdles faced by Bhumika Shrestha be considered a form of micro-aggressive behaviour? 〆was treated as a second-class citizen because of her gender presentation → didn’t align with the local ideas of male-female order ✓ considered a form of micro-aggression In what ways does the question “Do you have a husband?” contradict the notions of political correctness? Can this incident in the beauty salon be called a micro assault (micro invalidation or micro insult)? [05:35-06:38] ✓ hair-dresser cutting Jenni Chang's hair asked a personal question about her marital status → assumed she would have a husband = micro-insult → potential perpetrators from societies with a high index of uncertainty avoidance and restraint cultural dimensions = unaware they’re speaking from bias when asking this type of question 〆hairdresser responded with incredulity → proceeded to ask intrusive questions about the narrator's personal life and family plans = micro-invalidation → does not recognise or accept her experience as valid ✓ disbelief and tricky questions = micro-insult → conveys message of judgement on the narrator's choices and lifestyle → dismissed Jenni as a "crazy Westerner" ]]> Why would improving the societal position of women positively reflect on the rights of LGBTQ+ people? (e.g. India) ✓ India deeply patriarchal society = greater value on masculinity → men viewed as protectors and providers for their women → women expected to revere their men and fully depend on them ✓ notion of a woman not depending on men in her life (or a man receiving support and protection from another man) → challenges pre existing structures of traditional society What conclusions did Jenny and Lisa come to after their journey? Can Lisa’s concept of “momentum” have an impact on improving the situation of LGBT people and the equality movement? How? ✓ found stories of hope and courage in every corner of the world ✓ living an out life is not a Western idea. ✓ “Momentum” reflects a growing wave of positive change = more individuals openly embrace their identities → advocates for change → creates sense of solidarity and empowerment within the LGBT community → inspires more people to take action and demand equality and respect ✓ progress made in one country can inspire and motivate others to follow → strengthen global movement for equality → discrimination can't go unnoticed → brings issues to the forefront of public discourse ✓ prompts conversations ✓ raises awareness about the importance of LGBT rights → lead to creating an inclusive environment and adopting pro-equality policies 1 Cultural Appropriation vs. Appreciation | CBC Radio 20240221 hw20240228 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Is it all right to wear African clothes just because it is fashionable? Is it a social statement, a sign of recognition & appreciation, or appropriation? It's almost Halloween, have you picked a costume yet? It seems like every year certain costumes get everyone talking, so with that in mind, here's how we can all do a little more appreciating and a little less appropriating https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfAp_G735r0 → watch the video → answer the questions]]> cultural_appropriation_vs_appreciation_cbc_radio_vfAp_G735r0.mp4 Conte booze you and how you doing it's me Rosanna dear child hosts of unreserved and your favorite cousin well it's that time of year leaves are falling the weather is cooling and pumpkins are everywhere from front yards to coffee cups now I love a good pumpkin spice latte as much as the next person or not but come October I always feel a little uneasy and more than a little queasy as to what is waiting for me out there no I'm not talking about Halloween per se I'm talking about those horrifying costumes you've seen them princess polka hearty the brave cherokee warrior with the plastic tomahawk and all its ilk yes you too can be indigenous for the low low price of just $29.99 a pressure not included now as indigenous peoples we come from beautiful cultural backgrounds many non-indigenous people admire I mean I get it the beauty in our culture and traditions fascinates you there's just one problem we are not costumes let me explain the difference between cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation what exactly is cultural appropriation well I'm glad you asked that question cultural appropriation is when someone takes elements from a culture not their own and remakes and reduces it into a meaningless pop cultural item I'm thinking hipster headdresses tribal face paint and yes those so called Halloween harmless fun costumes it's not harmless fun that headdress for example traditionally a headdress is gifted to leaders who have earned the right to wear one receiving a headdress involves ceremonies and protocols and is considered to be a sacred item and it takes many years for these leaders to earn one and that polka haughty and sexy buck outfit well they play off dangerous stereotypes of indigenous people as mythical and historical creatures that once but no more Rome this great land like seminar that before like cultural appropriation can be harmful because it is an extension of centuries of racism genocide and oppression cultural appropriation treats marginalized cultures as free for the taken so not cool on the other hand cultural appreciation truly honors our nation's arts and cultures when you appreciate you take the time to learn and interact to gain understanding of a culture or cultures different from your own it is a cultural exchange based and mutual respect the key is consent and participation if it is about us then it must include us a few ways you can truly appreciate indigenous peoples and culture know our history I don't mean just yours or mine I mean our collective history so we truly understand where we come from and where we come together remember appreciation good appropriation bad and this year let's all have a happy Halloween hey YouTube thanks for watching click the button below to subscribe for more of your favorite CBC content What examples of cultural appropriation are given? ✓ headdress worn at a party → reduces it into a meaningless pop cultural item ≠ affirmative action to encourage acceptance of cultural differences What examples of cultural appreciation are given? ✓ consent and participation → look at collective history ✓ understand when & why both cultures have come together → must include the other culture → suggest eagerness to include minorities without showing positive discrimination or a condescending attitude What examples of cultural appropriation have you seen yourself? ✓ nose piercing to show belonging to a given social group ✓ over-sized ear rings in ear lobes perhaps worn to provoke & sugest rebellion What examples of cultural appreciation have you seen yourself? ✓ Valentine Day ✓ Halloween 20240214 18:10-19:30 2 active Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 The Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education | Camille Byrd O’Quin | TEDxLewisUniversity 20240207 hw20240214 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png The Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education | Camille Byrd O’Quin | TEDxLewisUniversity It is time we talked about linguistic bias and the impact it has on student education. In order to combat our prejudices when it comes to how students speak and write, we must first recognize what our prejudices are. This talk explores educational equity for students who speak African American Vernacular English. Camille Byrd O’Quin is Assistant Professor and Coordinator of Clinical Education of the Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology program at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois. She is a doctoral candidate in special education at Illinois State University with an expected graduation date of 2021. Her scholarship includes professional development presentations at regional, national, and international academic institutions and conferences for the study of culturally responsive pedagogy. Mrs. O’Quin’s research involves valuation of African American Vernacular English; examination of disproportionality in special education; expansion of culturally responsive teaching practices in urban education; and differential diagnosis of cultural linguistic diverse learners. Mrs. O’Quin holds a license with the Illinois State Board of Education and certification through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrTFJ5NlM1g → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 1 The Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education | Camille Byrd O’Quin | TEDxLewisUniversity 20240207 hw20240214 active wip edit_ol_qa_graded edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Is linguistic difference in the classroom a strength? Do we treat it this way? Why / why not? The Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education | Camille Byrd O’Quin | TEDxLewisUniversity It is time we talked about linguistic bias and the impact it has on student education. In order to combat our prejudices when it comes to how students speak and write, we must first recognize what our prejudices are. This talk explores educational equity for students who speak African American Vernacular English. Camille Byrd O’Quin is Assistant Professor and Coordinator of Clinical Education of the Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology program at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois. She is a doctoral candidate in special education at Illinois State University with an expected graduation date of 2021. Her scholarship includes professional development presentations at regional, national, and international academic institutions and conferences for the study of culturally responsive pedagogy. Mrs. O’Quin’s research involves valuation of African American Vernacular English; examination of disproportionality in special education; expansion of culturally responsive teaching practices in urban education; and differential diagnosis of cultural linguistic diverse learners. Mrs. O’Quin holds a license with the Illinois State Board of Education and certification through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrTFJ5NlM1g → watch the video → answer the questions]]> impact_of_linguistic_bias_in_education_camille_byrd_o_quin_TEDxLewisUniversity_QrTFJ5NlM1g.mp4 pix/equality_vs_equity.jpg let's talk about the impact of linguistic bias on education we as educators like to talk about how linguistic difference or language difference is a strength in the classroom but i asked the question do we really treat it that way in the classroom setting when someone uses a different language or a different linguistic difference do we really treat it as a strength or do we treat it like an error so i like to talk about african-american vernacular english or ave as i like to call it for the acronym aave so help me make that stick ah they i like to call it when we look at ave though do we really use that or we talk about that as a strength or do we talk about that as a deficit arguably ave is the most researched dialect in america and yet it still is the least respected this is my daughter sophia i love this picture of her she looks like she's running for office she's in third grade here in this picture and she had some experiences with this in her classroom as many teachers do many educators do they'll put these sentences on the board and say fix these sentences these sentences are wrong can you make them correct so she had these sentences on her paper and one of them said mrs johnson be organizing the fall festival well sophia being my daughter and knowing all about ave quickly crossed that out and wrote ave in the margin raised her hand for the teacher and said um excuse me there's nothing wrong with this sentence this sentence is written in ave and my mama said this is important to black people and black culture and this is how we talk and i think you might be racist that's what she said now at the exact same time interestingly enough i was working as a speech language pathologist in an urban education setting and i was starting to have some of these same experiences where educators were referring students to me black students who spoke ave and they kept asking me can you please evaluate this child he doesn't speak right he needs to talk better you need to fix this he's now not writing right you need to fix him and so i said no this is a dialectal difference and as a speech language pathologist i don't work on dialectal differences only disorder this is not a disorder the educators kept insisting of course that it was and i started to do some research on this because it became really fascinating to me and i learned that black students in america are two and a half times more likely to receive special education services mostly for learning disabilities or speech language services or behavioral disorder two and a half more times more likely than white students to receive special education services i was concerned by this so instead of calling these children disordered i started educating the staff and i started educating families and students if they were old enough about dialectal difference as it compares to mainstream american english because mainstream american english is what the school system deems as correct or normal even if someone outside of that dialect speaks a different dialect so i started educating the staff started educating students and families about ave and i taught them that ave has cultural significance in black communities linguists have already shown that language structure in ave is very very similar to what you find in west africa why is that you might ask right because when africans were captured and then trafficked here to america and enslaved they didn't know english they didn't speak the language so they took what they knew about language superimposed it onto southern american english and ave was born so that has now persisted over the years over the centuries into what we now call ave it has its own phonological system it has its own semantic system syntax grammar and it's all consistent with languages spoken in west africa so i watch a lot of tv okay i love to critique tv and movies it's one of my favorite pastimes so i started noticing some of these nuances in some of the television shows that are presented today on on television and one of them being not all ave speakers are black and not all black people speak ave i think the the tv show blackish does a really good job of exemplifying that and so does shameless it really does a good job in helping me explain to other the students in particular where some of these nuances come from you talk like who you're around characters in shameless in particular it's a white family living on the south side of chicago in a predominantly black neighborhood so a lot of them speak ave there's this one episode within in shameless where one of the characters is talking to his black friends and he's speaking in ave and there's this brilliant translation at the bottom of the screen in mainstream american english to exemplify for those who can't follow the conversation here's what they're saying in your language i thought that was brilliant so i've kind of picked up on that and i've started doing that when i talk to other people namely other educators or other families and students about ave so let's do a little bit of that here right now so here's an example i'm going to give you three rules related to ave because there's a bunch of them y'all but i'm going to give you three today i'm going to pick on the to be verb because many people pick on the to be verb so i'm going to go ahead and exemplify for you how ave has linguistic rules and it has a system and it has meaning so in ave if you in drop the to be verb in a sentence it means something is happening right now so in the sentence he calling me on my cell phone that means my phone is ringing right now and he's calling me on my cell phone right now so that's an example two sentences in the that mean the exact same thing on your board in two different dialects two different sentences i mean the same thing in two different dialects here's another one when you insert the to be verb in a sentence in ave it means something is happening all the time so if i said he'd be calling me on my cell phone that means he calls me on my cell phone all the time okay obvi speakers just know that we know what that means okay so that's two different sentences on your board one written in navi one written in mainstream american english but they mean the exact same thing here's the last one ben if i put ben in a sentence i know that means for a long long time so he been calling me on my cell phone means that he's been calling me on my cell phone for a long time so i know that as an obvious speaker these words have meaning these words have value so he calling me on my cell phone he'd be calling me on my cell phone he'd been calling me on my cell phone all mean different things okay they do not mean the same thing and you can directly translate that into mainstream american english it's no different than any other dialect guys all dialects have rules think about the bostonians who drop their r's regularly just an example example for you it's completely normal in boston right i can't move to boston and say they're all speaking wrong no that's how they speak you talk like who you're around so if they say pack the cat we know in chicago we wouldn't say it quite that way we'd say park the car but those two sentences mean the exact same thing it's two different dialects that mean the exact same thing where you live dictates how you're going to talk you talk like who you're around that's all dialects are so if i have a community and i was working in a community where the families there spoke exclusively ave it should be no surprise that the kids are going to speak ave at school how do we honor that though i say to honor it in similar ways i just showed you where i'm showing those direct translations for the sake of the students these are my parents and they they taught me how to code switch they both have master's degrees in education and they showed me we spoke ave at home and then when we got out to the to public we would speak in mainstream american english that's just the way it was done not everyone has my experience though you listen to me and you think well you're doing it yeah but not everyone has my experience i challenge you to consider that there are students that i served that were had only access to ave they didn't have access to mainstream american english the way that i did therefore my relationship with co-switching is a little different now that's me and my husband we in our family use more of a code meshing model i speak ave i speak mainstream american english my husband's from texas so he brings in some southern american english and we speak all of them at home we speak all of them i speak them at work i'm doing some of it right now so i like to blend all of my dialects together because i have value and honor for all of these different dialects so i encourage others to do the same in education find out what language what dialect your students are speaking and find value in that as well you remember my daughter sophia who experienced ave as being deemed as wrong in her classroom and she had strong words about that what you don't know though is that that teacher called me she called me from work she called me at work while i was at work and she was so at work to tell me what had just happened and she said the whole class got an education on ave and it's cultural significance from my daughter the teacher said she took pause and thought i've never thought of it that way i've never thought of ave as anything else other than wrong now mind you this teacher happens to be black like me so she was very excited to consider this isn't wrong it's just a dialectal difference and she went to her library there at the school grabbed some books that were written in ave and she read them for the students to exemplify its own significance as well and she said to me from here on out i will do better i will do my best to make sure that i am differentiating between what is a deficit and what is simply a difference because they are not the same thing and that is really all i ask because that is a really great place to start thank you How can linguistic bias in education be seen as a form of micro assault? ✓ can be seen as a form of micro assault = subtle but harmful act 〆targets individuals based on their language or dialect 〆depreciates certain language varieties → undermines cultural identities and experiences of students → perpetuates a sense of inferiority How does the incident involving Sophia in her classroom shed light on cultural and linguistic discrimination? “Mrs. Johnson be organizing the fall festival” ✓ Sophia's remark reflects the issue of political correctness and micro assaults in the classroom. ✓ teacher's correction is perceived as an attack on her cultural identity and language ✓ proves presence of cultural and linguistic discrimination → certain dialects or cultural forms of speech are undervalued, stigmatised or dismissed as grammatically incorrect ✓ can be considered racist → points to potential persistence of systemic bias → need for greater awareness and inclusiveness in educational environments ✓ by accusing the teacher of potential racism, Sophia highlighted her belief that the correction was a micro assault = invalidated her cultural background and language ✓ could be considered a micro invalidation → teacher did it unintentionally How can TV shows like Shameless or Blackish eradicate stereotypes and discrimination against AAVE speakers? ✓ challenge stereotypes and discrimination against AAVE speakers → show the nuances of their language and culture ✓ “not all AAVE speakers are black and not all black people speak AAVE” → help educate viewers on the influence of environment and social context on language use → emphasise importance of understanding cultural and geographic influences on linguistic diversity → promote awareness, empathy, and appreciation for linguistic diversity → break down stereotypes and discrimination against AAVE speakers How does the Boston dialect example discredit the AAVE dialect from a political correctness perspective? ✓ AAVE has linguistic rules, systems, and meaning ✓ linguistic differences are often dismissed or devalued by MAE (mainstream American English) speakers → comparison to the Boston dialect dropping the "r" regularly = analogy ✓ dropping the "r" accepted and understood as part of the Boston dialect = suggests a micro insult → certain dialects or language variations are deemed inferior or incorrect by mainstream standards In what way does Camille Byrd O'Quin's emphasis on valuing and respecting every accent align with the principles of political correctness and the avoidance of micro assaults in educational settings? ✓ recognizing and respecting students' language and accents = direct response to micro assaults (micro invalidation and micro insults) ✓ mentions her family's use of different dialects → African American Vernacular English (AAVE) → mainstream American English (MAE) → Southern American English (husband from Texas). ✓ principles of political correctness → emphasize importance of respecting and valuing diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds How can we debunk the notion that it is linguistically inferior or wrong? 〆AAVE is simply "broken" or incorrect English = example of a micro insult = common misconception about African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) ≠ not a deficient or incorrect form of English 〆assumes AAVE is a deviation from mainstream English → reflects lack of education → assumes language proficiency correlates with intelligence or educational success ✓ AAVE speakers can be highly intelligent and educated individuals → are able to code-switch between AAVE and Standard English depending on the context 〆AAVE primarily associated with African-American communities → AAVE can be spoken by individuals of various racial and ethnic backgrounds → language varieties not bound by racial or ethnic boundaries ✓ share linguistic research → support legitimacy of AAVE as a distinct variety with its own grammatical rules to debunk = to show that an idea, a belief, etc. is false; to show that sth is not as good as people think it is What is linguistic bias in education? = unfair treatment or judgement of students based on their language or dialect. → shows prejudice or stereotypes about certain language varieties → negatively impacts students who speak or write in those forms What did Sophia do when she saw the sentence “Mrs. Johnson be organizing the fall festival” on her paper in class? Why? ✓ understood that it was written in AAVE → knew that AAVE is important for the African-American community → crossed out the sentence, wrote “AAVE” → raised her hand to explain to the teacher that the sentence was not wrong = written in AAVE ✓ teacher suggested that sentences were written in a wrong way → can generally be understood as “AAVE is wrong" → teacher invited them to correct these sentences using “correct English” 〆confirmed that “AAVE is wrong” → made the girl think that the teacher was a racist = strengthening the stereotypes and discrimination against this variant of English What do TV programmes like Shameless or Blackish show? ✓ not all AAVE speakers are black and not all black people speak AAVE ✓ influence of the social environment on language use ✓ different ways of expressing oneself through language in the African American community → broaden viewers' understanding of the world What accent (dialect) did the speaker compare AAVE to? Why? ✓ explains prejudice against the AAVE accent ✓ shows the importance of respecting different accents and language variety ✓ AAVE has its own rules, systems, and meanings Using which accent (dialect) does Camille Byrd O’Quin speak with her family? At work? Why is this important to her? ✓ Camille Byrd O'Quin speaks three different accents of English → African American Vernacular English (AAVE) → mainstream American English (MAE) → Southern American English (husband from Texas) ✓ uses different accents with her family and at work → values and respects each on = every dialect is valuable and meaningful 1 This is what LGBT life is like around the world 20240214 hw20240221 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa_graded edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Would you choose a representative from a minority to enrich diversity of ideas in your work group? How would you deal with uncertainty avoidance from team members if some people showed unusual indulgence vs restraint in their emotional relationships? This is what LGBT life is like around the world As a gay couple in San Francisco, Jenni Chang and Lisa Dazols had a relatively easy time living the way they wanted. But outside the bubble of the Bay Area, what was life like for people still lacking basic rights? They set off on a world tour in search of "Supergays," LGBT people who were doing something extraordinary in the world. In 15 countries across Africa, Asia and South America -- from India, recently home to the world's first openly gay prince, to Argentina, the first country in Latin America to grant marriage equality -- they found the inspiring stories and the courageous, resilient and proud Supergays they had been looking for. https://www.ted.com/talks/jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols_this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world_2370.mp4 let's talk about the impact of linguistic bias on education we as educators like to talk about how linguistic difference or language difference is a strength in the classroom but i asked the question do we really treat it that way in the classroom setting when someone uses a different language or a different linguistic difference do we really treat it as a strength or do we treat it like an error so i like to talk about african-american vernacular english or ave as i like to call it for the acronym aave so help me make that stick ah they i like to call it when we look at ave though do we really use that or we talk about that as a strength or do we talk about that as a deficit arguably ave is the most researched dialect in america and yet it still is the least respected this is my daughter sophia i love this picture of her she looks like she's running for office she's in third grade here in this picture and she had some experiences with this in her classroom as many teachers do many educators do they'll put these sentences on the board and say fix these sentences these sentences are wrong can you make them correct so she had these sentences on her paper and one of them said mrs johnson be organizing the fall festival well sophia being my daughter and knowing all about ave quickly crossed that out and wrote ave in the margin raised her hand for the teacher and said um excuse me there's nothing wrong with this sentence this sentence is written in ave and my mama said this is important to black people and black culture and this is how we talk and i think you might be racist that's what she said now at the exact same time interestingly enough i was working as a speech language pathologist in an urban education setting and i was starting to have some of these same experiences where educators were referring students to me black students who spoke ave and they kept asking me can you please evaluate this child he doesn't speak right he needs to talk better you need to fix this he's now not writing right you need to fix him and so i said no this is a dialectal difference and as a speech language pathologist i don't work on dialectal differences only disorder this is not a disorder the educators kept insisting of course that it was and i started to do some research on this because it became really fascinating to me and i learned that black students in america are two and a half times more likely to receive special education services mostly for learning disabilities or speech language services or behavioral disorder two and a half more times more likely than white students to receive special education services i was concerned by this so instead of calling these children disordered i started educating the staff and i started educating families and students if they were old enough about dialectal difference as it compares to mainstream american english because mainstream american english is what the school system deems as correct or normal even if someone outside of that dialect speaks a different dialect so i started educating the staff started educating students and families about ave and i taught them that ave has cultural significance in black communities linguists have already shown that language structure in ave is very very similar to what you find in west africa why is that you might ask right because when africans were captured and then trafficked here to america and enslaved they didn't know english they didn't speak the language so they took what they knew about language superimposed it onto southern american english and ave was born so that has now persisted over the years over the centuries into what we now call ave it has its own phonological system it has its own semantic system syntax grammar and it's all consistent with languages spoken in west africa so i watch a lot of tv okay i love to critique tv and movies it's one of my favorite pastimes so i started noticing some of these nuances in some of the television shows that are presented today on on television and one of them being not all ave speakers are black and not all black people speak ave i think the the tv show blackish does a really good job of exemplifying that and so does shameless it really does a good job in helping me explain to other the students in particular where some of these nuances come from you talk like who you're around characters in shameless in particular it's a white family living on the south side of chicago in a predominantly black neighborhood so a lot of them speak ave there's this one episode within in shameless where one of the characters is talking to his black friends and he's speaking in ave and there's this brilliant translation at the bottom of the screen in mainstream american english to exemplify for those who can't follow the conversation here's what they're saying in your language i thought that was brilliant so i've kind of picked up on that and i've started doing that when i talk to other people namely other educators or other families and students about ave so let's do a little bit of that here right now so here's an example i'm going to give you three rules related to ave because there's a bunch of them y'all but i'm going to give you three today i'm going to pick on the to be verb because many people pick on the to be verb so i'm going to go ahead and exemplify for you how ave has linguistic rules and it has a system and it has meaning so in ave if you in drop the to be verb in a sentence it means something is happening right now so in the sentence he calling me on my cell phone that means my phone is ringing right now and he's calling me on my cell phone right now so that's an example two sentences in the that mean the exact same thing on your board in two different dialects two different sentences i mean the same thing in two different dialects here's another one when you insert the to be verb in a sentence in ave it means something is happening all the time so if i said he'd be calling me on my cell phone that means he calls me on my cell phone all the time okay obvi speakers just know that we know what that means okay so that's two different sentences on your board one written in navi one written in mainstream american english but they mean the exact same thing here's the last one ben if i put ben in a sentence i know that means for a long long time so he been calling me on my cell phone means that he's been calling me on my cell phone for a long time so i know that as an obvious speaker these words have meaning these words have value so he calling me on my cell phone he'd be calling me on my cell phone he'd been calling me on my cell phone all mean different things okay they do not mean the same thing and you can directly translate that into mainstream american english it's no different than any other dialect guys all dialects have rules think about the bostonians who drop their r's regularly just an example example for you it's completely normal in boston right i can't move to boston and say they're all speaking wrong no that's how they speak you talk like who you're around so if they say pack the cat we know in chicago we wouldn't say it quite that way we'd say park the car but those two sentences mean the exact same thing it's two different dialects that mean the exact same thing where you live dictates how you're going to talk you talk like who you're around that's all dialects are so if i have a community and i was working in a community where the families there spoke exclusively ave it should be no surprise that the kids are going to speak ave at school how do we honor that though i say to honor it in similar ways i just showed you where i'm showing those direct translations for the sake of the students these are my parents and they they taught me how to code switch they both have master's degrees in education and they showed me we spoke ave at home and then when we got out to the to public we would speak in mainstream american english that's just the way it was done not everyone has my experience though you listen to me and you think well you're doing it yeah but not everyone has my experience i challenge you to consider that there are students that i served that were had only access to ave they didn't have access to mainstream american english the way that i did therefore my relationship with co-switching is a little different now that's me and my husband we in our family use more of a code meshing model i speak ave i speak mainstream american english my husband's from texas so he brings in some southern american english and we speak all of them at home we speak all of them i speak them at work i'm doing some of it right now so i like to blend all of my dialects together because i have value and honor for all of these different dialects so i encourage others to do the same in education find out what language what dialect your students are speaking and find value in that as well you remember my daughter sophia who experienced ave as being deemed as wrong in her classroom and she had strong words about that what you don't know though is that that teacher called me she called me from work she called me at work while i was at work and she was so at work to tell me what had just happened and she said the whole class got an education on ave and it's cultural significance from my daughter the teacher said she took pause and thought i've never thought of it that way i've never thought of ave as anything else other than wrong now mind you this teacher happens to be black like me so she was very excited to consider this isn't wrong it's just a dialectal difference and she went to her library there at the school grabbed some books that were written in ave and she read them for the students to exemplify its own significance as well and she said to me from here on out i will do better i will do my best to make sure that i am differentiating between what is a deficit and what is simply a difference because they are not the same thing and that is really all i ask because that is a really great place to start thank you How does the parents’ reaction “We're bringing you back to Taiwan” reflect potential clashes of cultural values and perceptions? How does the high index of uncertainty avoidance in Taiwan determine people’s viewpoints on the LGBT community? ✓ belief that the West has corrupted their daughter with various ideas, including a non-heteronormative sexual orientation → daughter’s sexual orientation is the result of exposure to Western ideals that contradict their traditional ideas = high level of “uncertainty avoidance” ✓ collectivism versus individualism → Taiwan known for its collectivist culture = strong emphasis on group harmony and conformity → Jenni's sexual orientation was a threat to the family's reputation and social standing within their community ✓ stereotypes of male-female roles in society → orientation is not something to be acquired in the social environment one lives in 〆representatives of LGBT communities perceived as the ones trying to undermine mainstream values What are the factors that contribute to the perception of LGBT being an exclusively Western concept, and how does this view hold up when examined through a global and cultural lens? ✓ 75 countries still criminalise sexuality nowadays → people can be incarcerated because of their attempts to fight for their rights ✓ in countries with a patriarchal structure and a traditional world view → high uncertainty avoidance → large power distance = not ready to accept the existence of gay people in their country → fear to be disowned or scorned by others ✓ perception of LGBT being an exclusively Western concept → historical and cultural biases → limited exposure to non-Western perspectives → influence of Western media Why did they travel around the world? Could the results of their journey have any impact on others' acceptance of LGBT people? If so, in what ways? ✓ to find LGBT people who were making extraordinary contributions to their societies = Supergays ✓ demonstrated exceptional courage, resilience, and pride ✓ to discover stories of hope and inspiration → highlight stories of happy, thriving LGBT people → share with the world → contribute to a more nuanced and diverse representation of the global LGBT community ✓ generate empathy, understanding → change attitudes toward greater acceptance Why could the hurdles faced by Bhumika Shrestha be considered a form of micro-aggressive behaviour? 〆was treated as a second-class citizen because of her gender presentation → didn’t align with the local ideas of male-female order ✓ considered a form of micro-aggression In what ways does the question “Do you have a husband?” contradict the notions of political correctness? Can this incident in the beauty salon be called a micro assault (micro invalidation or micro insult)? [05:35-06:38] ✓ hair-dresser cutting Jenni Chang's hair asked a personal question about her marital status → assumed she would have a husband = micro-insult → potential perpetrators from societies with a high index of uncertainty avoidance and restraint cultural dimensions = unaware they’re speaking from bias when asking this type of question 〆hairdresser responded with incredulity → proceeded to ask intrusive questions about the narrator's personal life and family plans = micro-invalidation → does not recognise or accept her experience as valid ✓ disbelief and tricky questions = micro-insult → conveys message of judgement on the narrator's choices and lifestyle → dismissed Jenni as a "crazy Westerner" ]]> Why would improving the societal position of women positively reflect on the rights of LGBTQ+ people? (e.g. India) ✓ India deeply patriarchal society = greater value on masculinity → men viewed as protectors and providers for their women → women expected to revere their men and fully depend on them ✓ notion of a woman not depending on men in her life (or a man receiving support and protection from another man) → challenges pre existing structures of traditional society What conclusions did Jenny and Lisa come to after their journey? Can Lisa’s concept of “momentum” have an impact on improving the situation of LGBT people and the equality movement? How? ✓ found stories of hope and courage in every corner of the world ✓ living an out life is not a Western idea. ✓ “Momentum” reflects a growing wave of positive change = more individuals openly embrace their identities → advocates for change → creates sense of solidarity and empowerment within the LGBT community → inspires more people to take action and demand equality and respect ✓ progress made in one country can inspire and motivate others to follow → strengthen global movement for equality → discrimination can't go unnoticed → brings issues to the forefront of public discourse ✓ prompts conversations ✓ raises awareness about the importance of LGBT rights → lead to creating an inclusive environment and adopting pro-equality policies to debunk = to show that an idea, a belief, etc. is false; to show that sth is not as good as people think it is 20240207 18:10-19:30 2 active Both Not Half: How language shapes identity By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 5 B Both Not Half: How language shapes identity | Jassa Ahluwalia | TEDxChandigarh 20240131 hw20240207 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Both Not Half: How language shapes identity | Jassa Ahluwalia | TEDxChandigarh Is he British? Is he a Punjabi? No, he is both. Listen to the powerful story of a man torn between two identities and how he overcame it all. Jassa Ahluwalia is an actor, writer and filmmaker. He came to prominence as loveable badboy Rocky in the hit BBC Three series ‘Some Girls’, followed by starring roles in ‘Ripper Street’ and the internationally acclaimed series ‘Peaky Blinders’. Jassa found further recognition in 2019 after his homemade comedy skits went viral on social media. His videos, in which he plays an old Punjabi uncle, were accompanied by his hashtag #BothNotHalf, the distillation of his ideas on mixed heritage experience. This led to Jassa being elected to the Equity Minority Ethnic Members Committee to help lead the fight for better representation in the performing arts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SP0bAQ8J6C0 → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 5 B Both Not Half: How language shapes identity | Jassa Ahluwalia | TEDxChandigarh 20240131 hw20240207 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Are some minorities more likely to suffer from discrimination because of the way they speak English? Why? Both Not Half: How language shapes identity | Jassa Ahluwalia | TEDxChandigarh Is he British? Is he a Punjabi? No, he is both. Listen to the powerful story of a man torn between two identities and how he overcame it all. Jassa Ahluwalia is an actor, writer and filmmaker. He came to prominence as loveable badboy Rocky in the hit BBC Three series ‘Some Girls’, followed by starring roles in ‘Ripper Street’ and the internationally acclaimed series ‘Peaky Blinders’. Jassa found further recognition in 2019 after his homemade comedy skits went viral on social media. His videos, in which he plays an old Punjabi uncle, were accompanied by his hashtag #BothNotHalf, the distillation of his ideas on mixed heritage experience. This led to Jassa being elected to the Equity Minority Ethnic Members Committee to help lead the fight for better representation in the performing arts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SP0bAQ8J6C0 → watch the video → answer the questions]]> both_not_half_how_language_shapes_identity_jassa_ahluwalia_TEDxChandigarh_SP0bAQ8J6C0.mp4 How did Jassa react to the vendor's offer to buy bottled water? Why? What cultural types are demonstrated in this example? [0:30-1:35] ✓ need to conform to the British cultural etiquette ✓ show political correctness ✓ avoid potential micro-aggressions or insults → be assertive to decline the offer without causing offence → switch to Punjabi despite cultural interaction & expectations 〆show limitations and challenges of adhering to political correctness in a diverse and multicultural environment ✓ Indian culture → multi-active: emotional, people-oriented, collectivist ✓ English culture → linear-active: reserved, factual but polite, more introverted and individualist What incident made Jassa understand he had a strong Punjabi accent as a child? How did his mother behave? Why? [04:03-04:17] ✓ exclaimed with a strong Punjabi accent "Mummy, I want a banana" in the supermarket ✓ mother's response involved panicking → fear of social norms (high uncertainty avoidance) and potential reactions to her child's speech (micro aggression) = British child cannot speak with an Indian accent → perpetuation of stereotypes → denial of dual cultural identity perpetuation = act of prolonging something What book made a big impression on Jassa Ahluwalia as a teenager? Why and how? [04:32-05:18] ✓ The Man Cub, by R.Kipling ✓ caught between two worlds → realizes the impact of identifying as "half Indian, half British" ✓ opens up to accusations of not being = form of micro invalidation 〆identifying as "half" → subjected to micro assaults and micro insults → doesn't fully belong to either culture What incident during a maths class led to the teacher's reprimand, and why did it bother Jassa? [05:20-06:42] ✓ singing inspired by his grandparents' mispronunciations (caricature of accents) = laugh at himself 〆teacher reprimanded Jassa for mocking the Indian accent = micro assault 〆dismisses cultural expression 〆undermines sense of belonging = micro invalidation 〆denies Jassa's experience and heritage = political correctness → avoid language and behaviour that may be considered disrespectful or offensive to certain groups to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective to reprimand = to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions How did the realization that national identities are a construct impact Jassa's sense of being? ✓ national identities are not an essential truth = a construct that you don't need → liberate from the boundaries of predefined labels, challenging societal expectations of identity → become attuned to micro assaults related to national identity = antidote to potential micro-attacks or invalidations arising from societal pressures → promote inclusiveness by discouraging micro-aggressions construct = idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true; contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind attuned = familiar with sb/sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way Why does he find the term “mixed race” problematic? What alternative term does he prefer? = “linguistic hangover” of scientific racism → fear of race mixing ✓ “mixed heritage” = more inclusive and nuanced ✓ embraces and recognises complexity of one's cultural background ✓ emphasises richness of diverse cultural influences that contribute to a person’s identity hangover = feeling, custom, habit, etc. that remains from the past, although it is no longer practical or suitable What does the idea BothNotHalf mean? ✓ embodies non-binary approach to life → rejects easy distinctions and historical prejudices → people, regardless of their background, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexuality, social class, are whole entities → different aspects cannot be separated ✓ challenges power structures and labels that promote separation and control ✓ encourages to move beyond oversimplified categories = a call to reshape our minds and embrace the richness of diversity Why do power structures love labels? ✓ power structures use labels because they promote division and control ✓ labels simplify complex identities into convenient categories → produces a sense of "us" and "them" that encourages further stereotyping 〆allows control through divide-and-rule tactics 〆in cultures with a high level of power distance power structures use labels → to silence opposing viewpoints → to preserve the existing system What could help us change our view on the idea of national identity? [16:14-16:52] In what ways does he suggest individuals can take back control and power from divisive language and labels? ✓ regain control and power over divisive language and labels ✓ recognize the language of division ✓ rewrite into a language of inclusion → force the world to spot all the differences and diversities = be open to experience ✓ being conscientious, agreeable = support eagerness to avoid uncertainty ✓ restructuring of thinking habits “none of us is half anything; all of us are both something” = emphasises richness and uniqueness of different components, experiences and identities divisive = causing people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose each other agreeable = pleasant and easy to like 1 Affirmative action active wip edit_short_reading_floating prep_short_reading_floating Is it fair to give a job to some people because of their race or gender? What goals has affirmative action traditionally sought to achieve? ✓ support groups traditionally under-represented, mistreated or suffering from lack of public support ✓ bridge inequalities in employment and pay ✓ increase access to education ✓ promote diversity ✓ redress wrongs, harms, or hindrances What examples of affirmative action measures are given? ✓ hard quota ✓ encouragement for increased participation ✓ reserved percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies for members of a certain group ✓ minority-group members given preference or special consideration in selection processes What alternative expressions for affirmative action are mentioned? ✓ positive discrimination ✓ preferential treatment ✓ colour blind ✓ reverse discrimination What is reverse discrimination? Would you support positive discrimination policies at work? ✓ when affirmative action benefits the most privileged within minority groups at the expense of the least fortunate within majority groups Affirmative action Affirmative action Wikipedia

1 Freedom Writers - Line game 20240207 hw20240214 wip active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png How would you begin your first lesson in a difficult class of students with mixed abilities, ethnicities and social backgrounds? Freedom Writers - The line game A dedicated teacher (Hilary Swank) in a racially divided Los Angeles school has a class of at-risk teenagers deemed incapable of learning. Instead of giving up, she inspires her students to take an interest in their education and planning their future. An inspirational drama set during the time of the 1992 race riots in Los Angeles. Based on real diaries of inner-city students. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrTFJ5NlM1g → watch the video → answer the questions]]> freedom_writers_line_game_eYYf-mUmPqI.mp4 What is the purpose of the line game? ✓ get disparate people to overcome prejudices ✓ unify the split group by pointing out the fate they have in common How many ethnic groups can you recognise? ✓ Hispanic / Latin-American ✓ Afro American ✓ Asian ✓ Arab ✓ WASP (White Anglo Saxon Protestant) (...) What do you think the students are thinking when looking at each other while standing on the line? ✓ low uncertainty avoidance ✓ greater trust than distrust (because of shared experiences) ✓ potential empathy What is dramatic about the likely fate of this class? ✓ many may die due to gang violence 1 The Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education | Camille Byrd O’Quin | TEDxLewisUniversity 20240207 hw20240214 active wip prep_ol_qa_graded edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Is linguistic difference in the classroom a strength? Do we treat it this way? Why / why not? The Impact of Linguistic Bias in Education | Camille Byrd O’Quin | TEDxLewisUniversity It is time we talked about linguistic bias and the impact it has on student education. In order to combat our prejudices when it comes to how students speak and write, we must first recognize what our prejudices are. This talk explores educational equity for students who speak African American Vernacular English. Camille Byrd O’Quin is Assistant Professor and Coordinator of Clinical Education of the Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology program at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois. She is a doctoral candidate in special education at Illinois State University with an expected graduation date of 2021. Her scholarship includes professional development presentations at regional, national, and international academic institutions and conferences for the study of culturally responsive pedagogy. Mrs. O’Quin’s research involves valuation of African American Vernacular English; examination of disproportionality in special education; expansion of culturally responsive teaching practices in urban education; and differential diagnosis of cultural linguistic diverse learners. Mrs. O’Quin holds a license with the Illinois State Board of Education and certification through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrTFJ5NlM1g → watch the video → answer the questions]]> impact_of_linguistic_bias_in_education_camille_byrd_o_quin_TEDxLewisUniversity_QrTFJ5NlM1g.mp4 pix/equality_vs_equity.jpg let's talk about the impact of linguistic bias on education we as educators like to talk about how linguistic difference or language difference is a strength in the classroom but i asked the question do we really treat it that way in the classroom setting when someone uses a different language or a different linguistic difference do we really treat it as a strength or do we treat it like an error so i like to talk about african-american vernacular english or ave as i like to call it for the acronym aave so help me make that stick ah they i like to call it when we look at ave though do we really use that or we talk about that as a strength or do we talk about that as a deficit arguably ave is the most researched dialect in america and yet it still is the least respected this is my daughter sophia i love this picture of her she looks like she's running for office she's in third grade here in this picture and she had some experiences with this in her classroom as many teachers do many educators do they'll put these sentences on the board and say fix these sentences these sentences are wrong can you make them correct so she had these sentences on her paper and one of them said mrs johnson be organizing the fall festival well sophia being my daughter and knowing all about ave quickly crossed that out and wrote ave in the margin raised her hand for the teacher and said um excuse me there's nothing wrong with this sentence this sentence is written in ave and my mama said this is important to black people and black culture and this is how we talk and i think you might be racist that's what she said now at the exact same time interestingly enough i was working as a speech language pathologist in an urban education setting and i was starting to have some of these same experiences where educators were referring students to me black students who spoke ave and they kept asking me can you please evaluate this child he doesn't speak right he needs to talk better you need to fix this he's now not writing right you need to fix him and so i said no this is a dialectal difference and as a speech language pathologist i don't work on dialectal differences only disorder this is not a disorder the educators kept insisting of course that it was and i started to do some research on this because it became really fascinating to me and i learned that black students in america are two and a half times more likely to receive special education services mostly for learning disabilities or speech language services or behavioral disorder two and a half more times more likely than white students to receive special education services i was concerned by this so instead of calling these children disordered i started educating the staff and i started educating families and students if they were old enough about dialectal difference as it compares to mainstream american english because mainstream american english is what the school system deems as correct or normal even if someone outside of that dialect speaks a different dialect so i started educating the staff started educating students and families about ave and i taught them that ave has cultural significance in black communities linguists have already shown that language structure in ave is very very similar to what you find in west africa why is that you might ask right because when africans were captured and then trafficked here to america and enslaved they didn't know english they didn't speak the language so they took what they knew about language superimposed it onto southern american english and ave was born so that has now persisted over the years over the centuries into what we now call ave it has its own phonological system it has its own semantic system syntax grammar and it's all consistent with languages spoken in west africa so i watch a lot of tv okay i love to critique tv and movies it's one of my favorite pastimes so i started noticing some of these nuances in some of the television shows that are presented today on on television and one of them being not all ave speakers are black and not all black people speak ave i think the the tv show blackish does a really good job of exemplifying that and so does shameless it really does a good job in helping me explain to other the students in particular where some of these nuances come from you talk like who you're around characters in shameless in particular it's a white family living on the south side of chicago in a predominantly black neighborhood so a lot of them speak ave there's this one episode within in shameless where one of the characters is talking to his black friends and he's speaking in ave and there's this brilliant translation at the bottom of the screen in mainstream american english to exemplify for those who can't follow the conversation here's what they're saying in your language i thought that was brilliant so i've kind of picked up on that and i've started doing that when i talk to other people namely other educators or other families and students about ave so let's do a little bit of that here right now so here's an example i'm going to give you three rules related to ave because there's a bunch of them y'all but i'm going to give you three today i'm going to pick on the to be verb because many people pick on the to be verb so i'm going to go ahead and exemplify for you how ave has linguistic rules and it has a system and it has meaning so in ave if you in drop the to be verb in a sentence it means something is happening right now so in the sentence he calling me on my cell phone that means my phone is ringing right now and he's calling me on my cell phone right now so that's an example two sentences in the that mean the exact same thing on your board in two different dialects two different sentences i mean the same thing in two different dialects here's another one when you insert the to be verb in a sentence in ave it means something is happening all the time so if i said he'd be calling me on my cell phone that means he calls me on my cell phone all the time okay obvi speakers just know that we know what that means okay so that's two different sentences on your board one written in navi one written in mainstream american english but they mean the exact same thing here's the last one ben if i put ben in a sentence i know that means for a long long time so he been calling me on my cell phone means that he's been calling me on my cell phone for a long time so i know that as an obvious speaker these words have meaning these words have value so he calling me on my cell phone he'd be calling me on my cell phone he'd been calling me on my cell phone all mean different things okay they do not mean the same thing and you can directly translate that into mainstream american english it's no different than any other dialect guys all dialects have rules think about the bostonians who drop their r's regularly just an example example for you it's completely normal in boston right i can't move to boston and say they're all speaking wrong no that's how they speak you talk like who you're around so if they say pack the cat we know in chicago we wouldn't say it quite that way we'd say park the car but those two sentences mean the exact same thing it's two different dialects that mean the exact same thing where you live dictates how you're going to talk you talk like who you're around that's all dialects are so if i have a community and i was working in a community where the families there spoke exclusively ave it should be no surprise that the kids are going to speak ave at school how do we honor that though i say to honor it in similar ways i just showed you where i'm showing those direct translations for the sake of the students these are my parents and they they taught me how to code switch they both have master's degrees in education and they showed me we spoke ave at home and then when we got out to the to public we would speak in mainstream american english that's just the way it was done not everyone has my experience though you listen to me and you think well you're doing it yeah but not everyone has my experience i challenge you to consider that there are students that i served that were had only access to ave they didn't have access to mainstream american english the way that i did therefore my relationship with co-switching is a little different now that's me and my husband we in our family use more of a code meshing model i speak ave i speak mainstream american english my husband's from texas so he brings in some southern american english and we speak all of them at home we speak all of them i speak them at work i'm doing some of it right now so i like to blend all of my dialects together because i have value and honor for all of these different dialects so i encourage others to do the same in education find out what language what dialect your students are speaking and find value in that as well you remember my daughter sophia who experienced ave as being deemed as wrong in her classroom and she had strong words about that what you don't know though is that that teacher called me she called me from work she called me at work while i was at work and she was so at work to tell me what had just happened and she said the whole class got an education on ave and it's cultural significance from my daughter the teacher said she took pause and thought i've never thought of it that way i've never thought of ave as anything else other than wrong now mind you this teacher happens to be black like me so she was very excited to consider this isn't wrong it's just a dialectal difference and she went to her library there at the school grabbed some books that were written in ave and she read them for the students to exemplify its own significance as well and she said to me from here on out i will do better i will do my best to make sure that i am differentiating between what is a deficit and what is simply a difference because they are not the same thing and that is really all i ask because that is a really great place to start thank you How can linguistic bias in education be seen as a form of micro assault? ✓ Linguistic bias in education can be seen as a form of micro assault because it is a subtle but harmful act that targets individuals based on their language or dialect. → By devaluing certain language varieties, it undermines the cultural identities and experiences of students and perpetuates a sense of inferiority. How does the incident involving Sophia in her classroom shed light on cultural and linguistic discrimination? Can the incident in Sophia's classroom be called a micro assault (micro insult or micro invalidation)? Why/why not? ✓ This incident (when Sophia commented on “Mrs. Johnson be organizing the fall festival”) highlights the existence of linguistic bias and cultural insensitivity in educational settings. ✓ It proves the presence of cultural and linguistic discrimination, where certain dialects or cultural forms of speech are undervalued, stigmatised or dismissed as grammatically incorrect. ✓ Moreover, this situation can be considered racist as it points to the potential persistence of systemic bias and the need for greater awareness and inclusiveness in educational environments. → Thus, it demonstrates the need to deal with cultural and linguistic discrimination in the education system. ✓ In general, Sophia's remark reflects the issue of political correctness and micro assaults in the classroom. → I consider the incident in Sophia's classroom to be considered specifically a micro invalidation. She perceived the teacher's correction as an attack on her cultural identity and language. ✓ By accusing the teacher of potential racism, Sophia highlighted her belief that the correction was a micro assault, as it invalidated her cultural background and language. → This could be considered a micro invalidation since the teacher did it unintentionally as she most likely did not take into account the cultural background of her student. How can TV shows like Shameless or Blackish eradicate stereotypes and discrimination against AAVE speakers? ✓ TV shows like Shameless and Blackish can play a crucial role in challenging stereotypes and discrimination against AAVE speakers by showing the nuances of their language and culture. ✓ Indeed, they show that “not all AAVE speakers are black and not all black people speak AAVE”. By depicting characters who may or may not speak AAVE, these shows can help eradicate stereotypes and discrimination by challenging oversimplified assumptions and emphasizing the complexity and richness of African American linguistic diversity. ✓ In addition, they can help educate viewers about the influence of environment and social context on language use by emphasizing the importance of understanding cultural and geographic influences on linguistic diversity. → By offering a more accurate and inclusive portrayal of AAVE and its speakers, these TV shows can promote awareness, empathy, and appreciation for linguistic diversity, thereby helping to break down stereotypes and discrimination against AAVE speakers. How does the Boston dialect example discredit the AAVE dialect from a political correctness perspective? ✓ The example of the Boston dialect effectively illustrates prejudice against the African American Vernacular English (AAVE) dialect by highlighting the concept of micro assaults. ✓ The speaker emphasizes that AAVE has linguistic rules, systems, and meaning. ✓ The speaker also acknowledges that these linguistic differences are often dismissed or devalued by MAE (mainstream American English) speakers. ✓ The comparison to the Boston dialect dropping the "r" regularly serves as an analogy to illustrate the point. → The speaker points out that just as dropping the "r" is accepted and understood as part of the Boston dialect, the linguistic rules and nuances of AAVE should also be recognized and respected. → This comparison highlights the issue of micro insult, where certain dialects or language variations are deemed inferior or incorrect by mainstream standards. In what way does Camille Byrd O'Quin's emphasis on valuing and respecting every accent align with the principles of political correctness and the avoidance of micro assaults in educational settings? ✓ Camille Byrd O'Quin's saying for recognizing and respecting students' language and accents is a direct response to the issue of micro assaults, particularly micro invalidation and micro insults, that may occur when students' unique ways of speaking are not valued or recognized within the educational environment. ✓ In the video, O'Quin mentions her family's use of different dialects, including African American Vernacular English (AAVE), mainstream American English (MAE), and Southern American English (due to her husband being from Texas). → She expresses a sense of value and honor for all these different dialects, encouraging others to do the same in the education process. → This approach directly aligns with the principles of political correctness, which emphasize the importance of respecting and valuing diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. How can educational institutions address linguistic bias through a lens of political correctness? How can we debunk the notion that it is linguistically inferior or wrong? ✓ Educational institutions can address linguistic bias through a lens of political correctness by actively promoting inclusiveness and respect for all language varieties. This can be done by → implementing policies and practices that acknowledge the cultural and linguistic diversity of students, → providing professional development opportunities for teachers to become more culturally sensitive, → actively combating discriminatory language attitudes within the school community. Some common misconceptions about African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) include: AAVE is simply "broken" or incorrect English: This misconception can be considered as an example of a micro insult. It assumes that AAVE is a deviation from mainstream English, which is considered the norm. However, AAVE is a legitimate and systematic linguistic variety with its own rules and structures. It is not a deficient or incorrect form of English. The misconception that AAVE reflects a lack of education stems from the assumption that language proficiency correlates with intelligence or educational attainment. However, AAVE speakers can be highly intelligent and educated individuals who code-switch between AAVE and Standard English depending on the context. Language variation does not determine one's intellectual capabilities. While AAVE is primarily associated with African-American communities, it is not exclusive to them. AAVE can be spoken by individuals of various racial and ethnic backgrounds who are part of communities where it is prevalent. It is important to recognize that language varieties are not bound by racial or ethnic boundaries. To debunk the notion that AAVE is linguistically inferior or wrong, we can: Provide education and awareness about different language varieties, including AAVE, in schools and communities. Share linguistic research that supports the legitimacy of AAVE as a distinct variety with its own grammatical rules. This can help challenge the notion that AAVE is linguistically inferior or incorrect. To make people around more politically correct it will be a good idea to promote inclusive language policies - advocate for inclusive language policies that recognize and respect the linguistic rights and diversity of all individuals. This includes recognizing AAVE as a valid form of expression in educational, professional, and legal settings. What is linguistic bias in education? ✓ Linguistic bias in education refers to the unfair treatment or judgement of students based on their language or dialect. → It involves having prejudice or stereotypes about certain language varieties and negatively impacting students who speak or write in those forms. What did Sophia do when she saw the sentence “Mrs. Johnson be organizing the fall festival” on her paper in class? Why? What remark did Sofia, Camille Byrd O’Quin’s daughter, make to the teacher? Why? What did Sophia call it? ✓ When Sophia saw the sentence “Mrs Johnson be organizing the fall festival” on her paper, she understood that it was written in AAVE. She knew that AAVE is important for the African-American community. → So she crossed out the sentence, wrote “AAVE”, and bravely raised her hand to explain to the teacher that the sentence was not wrong, but was written in AAVE, which she explained was important to African-American people and their culture. ✓ This assignment suggested that the sentences were written in a wrong way, which can generally be understood as “AAVE is wrong". The teacher invited them to correct these sentences using “correct English”, which only confirms that “AAVE is wrong”. → This made the girl think that the teacher was a racist because she was strengthening the stereotypes and discrimination against this variant of English. ✓ Sophia, the speaker's daughter, commented to the teacher when asked to correct the sentence "Mrs. Johnson, be organizing the fall festival well". ✓ Sophia explained that there was nothing wrong with the sentence because it was written in AAVE (African American Vernacular English), which she and her mother consider important to black people and black culture. → She believed that the teacher's correction was unacceptable considering her cultural background and could be seen as a form of racism. What do TV programmes like Shameless or Blackish show? ✓ TV programmes such as Shameless and Blackish show that “not all AAVE speakers are black and not all black people speak AAVE”. ✓ They show the influence of the social environment on language use as well as the different ways of expressing oneself through language in the African American community. → These programmes broaden viewers' understanding of the world by saying that there are different languages and different cultures that can cross over, thus destroying stereotypes. What accent (dialect) did the speaker compare AAVE to? Why? ✓ The example of the Boston accent effectively explains prejudice against the AAVE accent. It shows the importance of respecting different accents and language variety. ✓ The speaker notices that AAVE has its own rules, systems, and meanings. She gives specific examples of how changing "to be'' in a sentence changes the meaning in AAVE. → By paying attention to the features of AAVE, the speaker shows that it cannot be said that one accent can be admitted and another cannot. → Comparing it to other accents like the Boston accent, the example effectively demonstrates the need to recognize and respect linguistic features admitting its importance. Using which accent (dialect) does Camille Byrd O’Quin speak with her family? At work? Why is this important to her? ✓ Camille Byrd O'Quin speaks three different accents of English: African American Vernacular English (AAVE), mainstream American English (MAE), and Southern American English (due to her husband being from Texas). → She uses these different accents with her family and at work, as she values and respects each one. O'Quin believes that every accent is valuable and meaningful, and she encourages others, especially in education, to do the same. ✓ She emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting students' language and accents, and finding worth in their unique ways of speaking. → This reflects her belief in the significance of linguistic variety and the need to acknowledge different dialects in the educational process. What are some areas of research that Mrs. O'Quin focuses on? How can you educate people to show them AAVE is not wrong? ✓ Mrs. O'Quin's research involves the valuation of African American Vernacular English by → examining disproportionality in special education, → expanding culturally responsive teaching practices in urban education, → differentially diagnosing cultural linguistic diverse learners. perpetuation = act of prolonging something to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective to reprimand = to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions construct = idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true; contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind attuned = familiar with sb/sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way hangover = feeling, custom, habit, etc. that remains from the past, although it is no longer practical or suitable divisive = causing people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose each other agreeable = pleasant and easy to like 20240131 18:10-19:30 2 active Discriminative language across cultures Culturally responsive teaching Linguistic bias in education By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 5 A Embracing Multilingualism and Eradicating Linguistic Bias | Karen Leung | TEDxWWU 20240124 hw20240131 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Embracing Multilingualism and Eradicating Linguistic Bias | Karen Leung | TEDxWWU Karen Leung is currently (2018) in her second year in Woodring’s Early Childhood Education at Western Washington University. Through her involvement in this program, she has found that her passion lies in social justice and linguistics, and the overlap that exists between these two in bilingual education. Being in Woodring allows her to apply her passions to her teaching career, and gives her the opportunity to break down language barriers in education. Growing up as a native Cantonese speaker, Karen took ESL classes in school, all the while interpreting for her parents during teacher conferences at just seven years old. Through this experience, she realized that there is a need of increased awareness of the linguistic biases in our society and the need for more resources for immigrant families who are working in tandem with schools to provide the best possible education for their children. Karen also sees the potential of linguistic diversity in education, and believes that it is crucial for multicultural education. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QrGsxeEq8 → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> 5 A Embracing Multilingualism and Eradicating Linguistic Bias | Karen Leung | TEDxWWU 20240124 hw20240131 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Are some minorities more likely to suffer from discrimination because of the way they speak English? Why? Embracing Multilingualism and Eradicating Linguistic Bias | Karen Leung | TEDxWWU Karen Leung is currently (2018) in her second year in Woodring’s Early Childhood Education at Western Washington University. Through her involvement in this program, she has found that her passion lies in social justice and linguistics, and the overlap that exists between these two in bilingual education. Being in Woodring allows her to apply her passions to her teaching career, and gives her the opportunity to break down language barriers in education. Growing up as a native Cantonese speaker, Karen took ESL classes in school, all the while interpreting for her parents during teacher conferences at just seven years old. Through this experience, she realized that there is a need of increased awareness of the linguistic biases in our society and the need for more resources for immigrant families who are working in tandem with schools to provide the best possible education for their children. Karen also sees the potential of linguistic diversity in education, and believes that it is crucial for multicultural education. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QrGsxeEq8 → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> embracing_multilingualism_and_eradicating_linguistic_bias_karen_leung_TEDxWWU_S8QrGsxeEq8.mp4 Why did Karen Leung begin her speech in Cantonese? What did she want to illustrate? ✓ illustrated and drew attention to the audience's possible expectations and prejudices about her linguistic ability based on ethnicity → wanted to challenge and confront stereotypes ✓ emphasised such assumptions based on language, race, and ethnicity can lead to discrimination and marginalization = example of micro insults and micro assaults → hidden insult to the people who have a different culture and speak other languages → addresses high levels of uncertainty avoidance and neuroticism in some societies Why do you think Karen's parents gave their children names that are close to "American" ones, although they cannot pronounce them correctly in their native language (due to phonetic differences)? ✓ chose to give children American names to avoid micro assaults (micro insults) that can occur due to cultural differences → mitigate potential discrimination and bias based on their names (will be perceived as foreign or difficult to pronounce) = desire to protect children from subtle forms of prejudice Why is the language of non-native speakers of English labelled as “broken” even though they may be highly knowledgeable in both languages (native and English)? Why do you think some native Americans make migrants speak “American language”? 〆labelled non-native English speakers’ language as “broken” because it seems unintelligent to other people → people act with contempt to those whose native language is completely different 〆immigrants are told to speak more American = people behave disrespectfully to them → example of micro assaults and micro insults ≠ political correctness ✓ making migrants speak “American language” → perpetuates linguistic prejudice → reinforces the notion that non-native English speakers are inferior or less competent because of their linguistic differences 〆ignores linguistic diversity and richness → undermines knowledge, intelligence and abilities → suggests “illusory superiority” of native English speakers → reflects level of uncertainty avoidance in society ✓ “perfect English” suggests predictable behaviour How does uncertainty avoidance prevent people from understanding each other? [06:43-08:10] ✓ difficult to understand and tolerate people who don’t speak “well enough” → multilingualism perceived more as a flaw than as an advantage → need to show openness to experience and agreeableness What does Karen mean by “double standard”? ✓ native English speakers learning a foreign language don’t receive the same social shame that an immigrant would when they learn English as a second language → native English speakers learning any foreign language receive more praise → creates a linguistic hierarchy = native speakers of English are at the top Why are compliments like “your English is so good” and “you don’t have an accent” are micro-insults? [05:20-06:00] ✓ implies surprise at an individual's proficiency in English → reinforces stereotypes related to language and cultural competence → places excessive, negative importance on people's multilingual and multicultural experiences What steps would be politically correct when talking to a person and not understanding what they are saying? [08:17-08:36] ✓ don't ask to repeat immediately ✓ listen carefully → paraphrase to double-check your understanding → ask yourself: are you as fluent in their native language? What does she mean by saying that the USA was “meant to be a melting pot”? ✓ the United States were envisioned as a place where people from different backgrounds could come together → should blend traditions and cultures, form a unified society → support integration and the importance of eliminating all forms of discrimination, microaggressions, and stereotypes How does Karen Leung envision the potential of linguistic diversity in education contributing to social justice? ✓ embracing linguistic diversity in education contributes to social justice → challenges and dismantles systemic biases → fosters environment where individuals from diverse linguistic backgrounds have equal opportunities and representation to dismantle = to end an organization or system gradually in an organized way “What we say is far more important than how we say it.” Do you agree? ✓ micro assaults (micro insults & micro invalidations) usually embedded in language → "how we say it" can have a profound impact to embed = to fix something firmly into a substance; to include text, sound, images, video, etc. in a computer file, email message, or on a website 5 B Both Not Half: How language shapes identity | Jassa Ahluwalia | TEDxChandigarh 20240131 hw20240207 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Are some minorities more likely to suffer from discrimination because of the way they speak English? Why? Both Not Half: How language shapes identity | Jassa Ahluwalia | TEDxChandigarh Is he British? Is he a Punjabi? No, he is both. Listen to the powerful story of a man torn between two identities and how he overcame it all. Jassa Ahluwalia is an actor, writer and filmmaker. He came to prominence as loveable badboy Rocky in the hit BBC Three series ‘Some Girls’, followed by starring roles in ‘Ripper Street’ and the internationally acclaimed series ‘Peaky Blinders’. Jassa found further recognition in 2019 after his homemade comedy skits went viral on social media. His videos, in which he plays an old Punjabi uncle, were accompanied by his hashtag #BothNotHalf, the distillation of his ideas on mixed heritage experience. This led to Jassa being elected to the Equity Minority Ethnic Members Committee to help lead the fight for better representation in the performing arts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SP0bAQ8J6C0 → watch the video → answer the questions]]> both_not_half_how_language_shapes_identity_jassa_ahluwalia_TEDxChandigarh_SP0bAQ8J6C0.mp4 How did Jassa react to the vendor's offer to buy bottled water? Why? What cultural types are demonstrated in this example? [0:30-1:35] ✓ need to conform to the British cultural etiquette ✓ show political correctness ✓ avoid potential micro-aggressions or insults → be assertive to decline the offer without causing offence → switch to Punjabi despite cultural interaction & expectations 〆show limitations and challenges of adhering to political correctness in a diverse and multicultural environment ✓ Indian culture → multi-active: emotional, people-oriented, collectivist ✓ English culture → linear-active: reserved, factual but polite, more introverted and individualist What incident made Jassa understand he had a strong Punjabi accent as a child? How did his mother behave? Why? [04:03-04:17] ✓ exclaimed with a strong Punjabi accent "Mummy, I want a banana" in the supermarket ✓ mother's response involved panicking → fear of social norms (high uncertainty avoidance) and potential reactions to her child's speech (micro aggression) = British child cannot speak with an Indian accent → perpetuation of stereotypes → denial of dual cultural identity perpetuation = act of prolonging something What book made a big impression on Jassa Ahluwalia as a teenager? Why and how? [04:32-05:18] ✓ The Man Cub, by R.Kipling ✓ caught between two worlds → realizes the impact of identifying as "half Indian, half British" ✓ opens up to accusations of not being = form of micro invalidation 〆identifying as "half" → subjected to micro assaults and micro insults → doesn't fully belong to either culture What incident during a maths class led to the teacher's reprimand, and why did it bother Jassa? [05:20-06:42] ✓ singing inspired by his grandparents' mispronunciations (caricature of accents) = laugh at himself 〆teacher reprimanded Jassa for mocking the Indian accent = micro assault 〆dismisses cultural expression 〆undermines sense of belonging = micro invalidation 〆denies Jassa's experience and heritage = political correctness → avoid language and behaviour that may be considered disrespectful or offensive to certain groups to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective to reprimand = to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions How did the realization that national identities are a construct impact the speaker's sense of being? ✓ national identities are not an essential truth = a construct that you don't need → liberate from the boundaries of predefined labels, challenging societal expectations of identity → become attuned to micro assaults related to national identity = antidote to potential micro-attacks or invalidations arising from societal pressures → promote inclusiveness by discouraging micro-aggressions construct = idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true; contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind attuned = familiar with sb/sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way Why does he find the term “mixed race” problematic? What alternative term does he prefer? = “linguistic hangover” of scientific racism → fear of race mixing ✓ “mixed heritage” = more inclusive and nuanced ✓ embraces and recognises complexity of one's cultural background ✓ emphasises richness of diverse cultural influences that contribute to a person’s identity hangover = feeling, custom, habit, etc. that remains from the past, although it is no longer practical or suitable What does the idea BothNotHalf mean? ✓ embodies non-binary approach to life → rejects easy distinctions and historical prejudices → people, regardless of their background, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexuality, social class, are whole entities → different aspects cannot be separated ✓ challenges power structures and labels that promote separation and control ✓ encourages to move beyond oversimplified categories = a call to reshape our minds and embrace the richness of diversity Why do power structures love labels? ✓ power structures use labels because they promote division and control ✓ labels simplify complex identities into convenient categories → produces a sense of "us" and "them" that encourages further stereotyping 〆allows control through divide-and-rule tactics 〆in cultures with a high level of power distance power structures use labels → to silence opposing viewpoints → to preserve the existing system What could help us change our view on the idea of national identity? [16:14-16:52] In what ways does he suggest individuals can take back control and power from divisive language and labels? ✓ regain control and power over divisive language and labels ✓ recognize the language of division ✓ rewrite into a language of inclusion → force the world to spot all the differences and diversities = be open to experience ✓ being conscientious, agreeable = support eagerness to avoid uncertainty ✓ restructuring of thinking habits “none of us is half anything; all of us are both something” = emphasises richness and uniqueness of different components, experiences and identities agreeable = pleasant and easy to like 1 Freedom Writers - Line game wip active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png How would you begin your first lesson in a difficult class of students with mixed abilities, ethnicities and social backgrounds? video

Freedom Writers - The line game A dedicated teacher (Hilary Swank) in a racially divided Los Angeles school has a class of at-risk teenagers deemed incapable of learning. Instead of giving up, she inspires her students to take an interest in their education and planning their future. An inspirational drama set during the time of the 1992 race riots in Los Angeles. Based on real diaries of inner-city students. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrTFJ5NlM1g → watch the video → answer the questions]]> freedom_writers_line_game_eYYf-mUmPqI.mp4 What is the purpose of the line game? ✓ get disparate people to overcome prejudices ✓ unify the split group by pointing out the fate they have in common How many ethnic groups can you recognise? ✓ Hispanic / Latin-American ✓ Afro American ✓ Asian ✓ Arab ✓ WASP (White Anglo Saxon Protestant) (...) What do you think the students are thinking when looking at each other while standing on the line? ✓ low uncertainty avoidance ✓ greater trust than distrust (because of shared experiences) ✓ potential empathy What is dramatic about the likely fate of this class? ✓ many may die due to gang violence Could you use this line game in your own class? (students' own answers) 1 Affirmative action wip active edit_short_reading_floating prep_short_reading_floating Is it fair to give a job to some people because of their race or gender? Read the excerpt. → answer the questions]]> What goals has affirmative action traditionally sought to achieve? ✓ support groups traditionally under-represented, mistreated or suffering from lack of public support ✓ bridge inequalities in employment and pay ✓ increase access to education ✓ promote diversity ✓ redress wrongs, harms, or hindrances What examples of affirmative action measures are given? ✓ hard quota ✓ encouragement for increased participation ✓ reserved percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies for members of a certain group ✓ minority-group members given preference or special consideration in selection processes What alternative expressions for affirmative action are mentioned? ✓ positive discrimination ✓ preferential treatment ✓ colour blind ✓ reverse discrimination What is reverse discrimination? Would you support positive discrimination policies at work? ✓ when affirmative action benefits the most privileged within minority groups at the expense of the least fortunate within majority groups Affirmative action Affirmative action Wikipedia

2 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Equity vs equality How to distinguish equity from equality wip active xml_multi_dd_row Are you sure you know how to avoid micro insults? Are you really fair to everyone? What is the difference between equality and equity? equality = each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities equity = recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome

]]> 1;3;4 2;5;6;7;8 2 Discriminative screening for a post wip active edit_ol_qa_show_hide_row edit_ol_qa_show_hide edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Is it possible to recruit a candidate for a job without prejudice, micro insults or risk of running into positive discrimination out of good intentions (i.e. political correctness)? to uncover information for each candidate → go through each candidate (horizontally) → compare the candidates & select who you think might not get into the next round → justify your choice (practise cultural dimensions, political correctness, affirmative action) → click on the next show_hide

Arnold Schwarzenegger ]]> visual aid

Michelle Obama ]]> visual aid

Marine Le Pen (president of French, far-right Front National)
(government spokesman François Baroin characterized her remarks as racist and xenophobic)]]> 3 A This is what LGBT life is like around the world 20231223-44ach hw20231230-46ach wip active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa_graded edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Would you choose a representative from a minority to enrich diversity of ideas in your work group? How would you deal with uncertainty avoidance from team members if some people showed unusual indulgence vs restraint in their emotional relationships? This is what LGBT life is like around the world As a gay couple in San Francisco, Jenni Chang and Lisa Dazols had a relatively easy time living the way they wanted. But outside the bubble of the Bay Area, what was life like for people still lacking basic rights? They set off on a world tour in search of "Supergays," LGBT people who were doing something extraordinary in the world. In 15 countries across Africa, Asia and South America -- from India, recently home to the world's first openly gay prince, to Argentina, the first country in Latin America to grant marriage equality -- they found the inspiring stories and the courageous, resilient and proud Supergays they had been looking for. https://www.ted.com/talks/jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols_this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world?language=en → watch the video → write (your own!) 3-4 pairs of easy & challenging questions & suggested answers → recycle terminology describing political correctness, micro assaults, micro insults & micro invalidations (use the same googledoc as previously) ~ 10-120 words / question → deadline: 20231227]]> this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world_2370.mp4 let's talk about the impact of linguistic bias on education we as educators like to talk about how linguistic difference or language difference is a strength in the classroom but i asked the question do we really treat it that way in the classroom setting when someone uses a different language or a different linguistic difference do we really treat it as a strength or do we treat it like an error so i like to talk about african-american vernacular english or ave as i like to call it for the acronym aave so help me make that stick ah they i like to call it when we look at ave though do we really use that or we talk about that as a strength or do we talk about that as a deficit arguably ave is the most researched dialect in america and yet it still is the least respected this is my daughter sophia i love this picture of her she looks like she's running for office she's in third grade here in this picture and she had some experiences with this in her classroom as many teachers do many educators do they'll put these sentences on the board and say fix these sentences these sentences are wrong can you make them correct so she had these sentences on her paper and one of them said mrs johnson be organizing the fall festival well sophia being my daughter and knowing all about ave quickly crossed that out and wrote ave in the margin raised her hand for the teacher and said um excuse me there's nothing wrong with this sentence this sentence is written in ave and my mama said this is important to black people and black culture and this is how we talk and i think you might be racist that's what she said now at the exact same time interestingly enough i was working as a speech language pathologist in an urban education setting and i was starting to have some of these same experiences where educators were referring students to me black students who spoke ave and they kept asking me can you please evaluate this child he doesn't speak right he needs to talk better you need to fix this he's now not writing right you need to fix him and so i said no this is a dialectal difference and as a speech language pathologist i don't work on dialectal differences only disorder this is not a disorder the educators kept insisting of course that it was and i started to do some research on this because it became really fascinating to me and i learned that black students in america are two and a half times more likely to receive special education services mostly for learning disabilities or speech language services or behavioral disorder two and a half more times more likely than white students to receive special education services i was concerned by this so instead of calling these children disordered i started educating the staff and i started educating families and students if they were old enough about dialectal difference as it compares to mainstream american english because mainstream american english is what the school system deems as correct or normal even if someone outside of that dialect speaks a different dialect so i started educating the staff started educating students and families about ave and i taught them that ave has cultural significance in black communities linguists have already shown that language structure in ave is very very similar to what you find in west africa why is that you might ask right because when africans were captured and then trafficked here to america and enslaved they didn't know english they didn't speak the language so they took what they knew about language superimposed it onto southern american english and ave was born so that has now persisted over the years over the centuries into what we now call ave it has its own phonological system it has its own semantic system syntax grammar and it's all consistent with languages spoken in west africa so i watch a lot of tv okay i love to critique tv and movies it's one of my favorite pastimes so i started noticing some of these nuances in some of the television shows that are presented today on on television and one of them being not all ave speakers are black and not all black people speak ave i think the the tv show blackish does a really good job of exemplifying that and so does shameless it really does a good job in helping me explain to other the students in particular where some of these nuances come from you talk like who you're around characters in shameless in particular it's a white family living on the south side of chicago in a predominantly black neighborhood so a lot of them speak ave there's this one episode within in shameless where one of the characters is talking to his black friends and he's speaking in ave and there's this brilliant translation at the bottom of the screen in mainstream american english to exemplify for those who can't follow the conversation here's what they're saying in your language i thought that was brilliant so i've kind of picked up on that and i've started doing that when i talk to other people namely other educators or other families and students about ave so let's do a little bit of that here right now so here's an example i'm going to give you three rules related to ave because there's a bunch of them y'all but i'm going to give you three today i'm going to pick on the to be verb because many people pick on the to be verb so i'm going to go ahead and exemplify for you how ave has linguistic rules and it has a system and it has meaning so in ave if you in drop the to be verb in a sentence it means something is happening right now so in the sentence he calling me on my cell phone that means my phone is ringing right now and he's calling me on my cell phone right now so that's an example two sentences in the that mean the exact same thing on your board in two different dialects two different sentences i mean the same thing in two different dialects here's another one when you insert the to be verb in a sentence in ave it means something is happening all the time so if i said he'd be calling me on my cell phone that means he calls me on my cell phone all the time okay obvi speakers just know that we know what that means okay so that's two different sentences on your board one written in navi one written in mainstream american english but they mean the exact same thing here's the last one ben if i put ben in a sentence i know that means for a long long time so he been calling me on my cell phone means that he's been calling me on my cell phone for a long time so i know that as an obvious speaker these words have meaning these words have value so he calling me on my cell phone he'd be calling me on my cell phone he'd been calling me on my cell phone all mean different things okay they do not mean the same thing and you can directly translate that into mainstream american english it's no different than any other dialect guys all dialects have rules think about the bostonians who drop their r's regularly just an example example for you it's completely normal in boston right i can't move to boston and say they're all speaking wrong no that's how they speak you talk like who you're around so if they say pack the cat we know in chicago we wouldn't say it quite that way we'd say park the car but those two sentences mean the exact same thing it's two different dialects that mean the exact same thing where you live dictates how you're going to talk you talk like who you're around that's all dialects are so if i have a community and i was working in a community where the families there spoke exclusively ave it should be no surprise that the kids are going to speak ave at school how do we honor that though i say to honor it in similar ways i just showed you where i'm showing those direct translations for the sake of the students these are my parents and they they taught me how to code switch they both have master's degrees in education and they showed me we spoke ave at home and then when we got out to the to public we would speak in mainstream american english that's just the way it was done not everyone has my experience though you listen to me and you think well you're doing it yeah but not everyone has my experience i challenge you to consider that there are students that i served that were had only access to ave they didn't have access to mainstream american english the way that i did therefore my relationship with co-switching is a little different now that's me and my husband we in our family use more of a code meshing model i speak ave i speak mainstream american english my husband's from texas so he brings in some southern american english and we speak all of them at home we speak all of them i speak them at work i'm doing some of it right now so i like to blend all of my dialects together because i have value and honor for all of these different dialects so i encourage others to do the same in education find out what language what dialect your students are speaking and find value in that as well you remember my daughter sophia who experienced ave as being deemed as wrong in her classroom and she had strong words about that what you don't know though is that that teacher called me she called me from work she called me at work while i was at work and she was so at work to tell me what had just happened and she said the whole class got an education on ave and it's cultural significance from my daughter the teacher said she took pause and thought i've never thought of it that way i've never thought of ave as anything else other than wrong now mind you this teacher happens to be black like me so she was very excited to consider this isn't wrong it's just a dialectal difference and she went to her library there at the school grabbed some books that were written in ave and she read them for the students to exemplify its own significance as well and she said to me from here on out i will do better i will do my best to make sure that i am differentiating between what is a deficit and what is simply a difference because they are not the same thing and that is really all i ask because that is a really great place to start thank you to dismantle = to end an organization or system gradually in an organized way to embed = to fix something firmly into a substance; to include text, sound, images, video, etc. in a computer file, email message, or on a website 20240124 18:10-19:30 2 active How languages shape our mind By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky 20240117 hw20240124 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world -- and they all have different sounds, vocabularies and structures. But do they shape the way we think? Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky shares examples of language -- from an Aboriginal community in Australia that uses cardinal directions instead of left and right to the multiple words for blue in Russian -- that suggest the answer is a resounding yes. "The beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is," Boroditsky says. "Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKK7wGAYP6k → watch the video → answer the questions]]> 1 How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky 20240117 hw20240124 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png ✓ if that target language features concepts that don't exist in your mother tongue (...)]]> How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world -- and they all have different sounds, vocabularies and structures. But do they shape the way we think? Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky shares examples of language -- from an Aboriginal community in Australia that uses cardinal directions instead of left and right to the multiple words for blue in Russian -- that suggest the answer is a resounding yes. "The beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is," Boroditsky says. "Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKK7wGAYP6k → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_language_shapes_the_way_we_think_lera_boroditsky_TED_RKK7wGAYP6k.mp4 So, I'll be speaking to you using language ... because I can. This is one these magical abilities that we humans have. We can transmit really complicated thoughts to one another. So what I'm doing right now is, I'm making sounds with my mouth as I'm exhaling. I'm making tones and hisses and puffs, and those are creating air vibrations in the air. Those air vibrations are traveling to you, they're hitting your eardrums, and then your brain takes those vibrations from your eardrums and transforms them into thoughts. I hope. (Laughter) I hope that's happening. So because of this ability, we humans are able to transmit our ideas across vast reaches of space and time. We're able to transmit knowledge across minds. I can put a bizarre new idea in your mind right now. I could say, "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics." (Laughter) Now, if everything has gone relatively well in your life so far, you probably haven't had that thought before. (Laughter) But now I've just made you think it, through language. Now of course, there isn't just one language in the world, there are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And all the languages differ from one another in all kinds of ways. Some languages have different sounds, they have different vocabularies, and they also have different structures -- very importantly, different structures. That begs the question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Now, this is an ancient question. People have been speculating about this question forever. Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, said, "To have a second language is to have a second soul" -- strong statement that language crafts reality. But on the other hand, Shakespeare has Juliet say, "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Well, that suggests that maybe language doesn't craft reality. These arguments have gone back and forth for thousands of years. But until recently, there hasn't been any data to help us decide either way. Recently, in my lab and other labs around the world, we've started doing research, and now we have actual scientific data to weigh in on this question. So let me tell you about some of my favorite examples. I'll start with an example from an Aboriginal community in Australia that I had the chance to work with. These are the Kuuk Thaayorre people. They live in Pormpuraaw at the very west edge of Cape York. What's cool about Kuuk Thaayorre is, in Kuuk Thaayorre, they don't use words like "left" and "right," and instead, everything is in cardinal directions: north, south, east and west. And when I say everything, I really mean everything. You would say something like, "Oh, there's an ant on your southwest leg." Or, "Move your cup to the north-northeast a little bit." In fact, the way that you say "hello" in Kuuk Thaayorre is you say, "Which way are you going?" And the answer should be, "North-northeast in the far distance. How about you?" So imagine as you're walking around your day, every person you greet, you have to report your heading direction. (Laughter) But that would actually get you oriented pretty fast, right? Because you literally couldn't get past "hello," if you didn't know which way you were going. In fact, people who speak languages like this stay oriented really well. They stay oriented better than we used to think humans could. We used to think that humans were worse than other creatures because of some biological excuse: "Oh, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales." No; if your language and your culture trains you to do it, actually, you can do it. There are humans around the world who stay oriented really well. And just to get us in agreement about how different this is from the way we do it, I want you all to close your eyes for a second and point southeast. (Laughter) Keep your eyes closed. Point. OK, so you can open your eyes. I see you guys pointing there, there, there, there, there ... I don't know which way it is myself -- (Laughter) You have not been a lot of help. (Laughter) So let's just say the accuracy in this room was not very high. This is a big difference in cognitive ability across languages, right? Where one group -- very distinguished group like you guys -- doesn't know which way is which, but in another group, I could ask a five-year-old and they would know. (Laughter) There are also really big differences in how people think about time. So here I have pictures of my grandfather at different ages. And if I ask an English speaker to organize time, they might lay it out this way, from left to right. This has to do with writing direction. If you were a speaker of Hebrew or Arabic, you might do it going in the opposite direction, from right to left. But how would the Kuuk Thaayorre, this Aboriginal group I just told you about, do it? They don't use words like "left" and "right." Let me give you hint. When we sat people facing south, they organized time from left to right. When we sat them facing north, they organized time from right to left. When we sat them facing east, time came towards the body. What's the pattern? East to west, right? So for them, time doesn't actually get locked on the body at all, it gets locked on the landscape. So for me, if I'm facing this way, then time goes this way, and if I'm facing this way, then time goes this way. I'm facing this way, time goes this way -- very egocentric of me to have the direction of time chase me around every time I turn my body. For the Kuuk Thaayorre, time is locked on the landscape. It's a dramatically different way of thinking about time. Here's another really smart human trick. Suppose I ask you how many penguins are there. Well, I bet I know how you'd solve that problem if you solved it. You went, "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight." You counted them. You named each one with a number, and the last number you said was the number of penguins. This is a little trick that you're taught to use as kids. You learn the number list and you learn how to apply it. A little linguistic trick. Well, some languages don't do this, because some languages don't have exact number words. They're languages that don't have a word like "seven" or a word like "eight." In fact, people who speak these languages don't count, and they have trouble keeping track of exact quantities. So, for example, if I ask you to match this number of penguins to the same number of ducks, you would be able to do that by counting. But folks who don't have that linguistic trick can't do that. Languages also differ in how they divide up the color spectrum -- the visual world. Some languages have lots of words for colors, some have only a couple words, "light" and "dark." And languages differ in where they put boundaries between colors. So, for example, in English, there's a word for blue that covers all of the colors that you can see on the screen, but in Russian, there isn't a single word. Instead, Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." So Russians have this lifetime of experience of, in language, distinguishing these two colors. When we test people's ability to perceptually discriminate these colors, what we find is that Russian speakers are faster across this linguistic boundary. They're faster to be able to tell the difference between a light and dark blue. And when you look at people's brains as they're looking at colors -- say you have colors shifting slowly from light to dark blue -- the brains of people who use different words for light and dark blue will give a surprised reaction as the colors shift from light to dark, as if, "Ooh, something has categorically changed," whereas the brains of English speakers, for example, that don't make this categorical distinction, don't give that surprise, because nothing is categorically changing. Languages have all kinds of structural quirks. This is one of my favorites. Lots of languages have grammatical gender; every noun gets assigned a gender, often masculine or feminine. And these genders differ across languages. So, for example, the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish, and the moon, the reverse. Could this actually have any consequence for how people think? Do German speakers think of the sun as somehow more female-like, and the moon somehow more male-like? Actually, it turns out that's the case. So if you ask German and Spanish speakers to, say, describe a bridge, like the one here -- "bridge" happens to be grammatically feminine in German, grammatically masculine in Spanish -- German speakers are more likely to say bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" and stereotypically feminine words. Whereas Spanish speakers will be more likely to say they're "strong" or "long," these masculine words. (Laughter) Languages also differ in how they describe events, right? You take an event like this, an accident. In English, it's fine to say, "He broke the vase." In a language like Spanish, you might be more likely to say, "The vase broke," or, "The vase broke itself." If it's an accident, you wouldn't say that someone did it. In English, quite weirdly, we can even say things like, "I broke my arm." Now, in lots of languages, you couldn't use that construction unless you are a lunatic and you went out looking to break your arm -- (Laughter) and you succeeded. If it was an accident, you would use a different construction. Now, this has consequences. So, people who speak different languages will pay attention to different things, depending on what their language usually requires them to do. So we show the same accident to English speakers and Spanish speakers, English speakers will remember who did it, because English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." Whereas Spanish speakers might be less likely to remember who did it if it's an accident, but they're more likely to remember that it was an accident. They're more likely to remember the intention. So, two people watch the same event, witness the same crime, but end up remembering different things about that event. This has implications, of course, for eyewitness testimony. It also has implications for blame and punishment. So if you take English speakers and I just show you someone breaking a vase, and I say, "He broke the vase," as opposed to "The vase broke," even though you can witness it yourself, you can watch the video, you can watch the crime against the vase, you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if I just said, "He broke it," as opposed to, "It broke." The language guides our reasoning about events. Now, I've given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So language can have big effects, like we saw with space and time, where people can lay out space and time in completely different coordinate frames from each other. Language can also have really deep effects -- that's what we saw with the case of number. Having count words in your language, having number words, opens up the whole world of mathematics. Of course, if you don't count, you can't do algebra, you can't do any of the things that would be required to build a room like this or make this broadcast, right? This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive realm. Language can also have really early effects, what we saw in the case of color. These are really simple, basic, perceptual decisions. We make thousands of them all the time, and yet, language is getting in there and fussing even with these tiny little perceptual decisions that we make. Language can have really broad effects. So the case of grammatical gender may be a little silly, but at the same time, grammatical gender applies to all nouns. That means language can shape how you're thinking about anything that can be named by a noun. That's a lot of stuff. And finally, I gave you an example of how language can shape things that have personal weight to us -- ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives. Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 -- there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And we can create many more -- languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that we're losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time. We're losing about one language a week, and by some estimates, half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years. And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities. That excludes almost all humans. Right? So what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased, and our science has to do better. I want to leave you with this final thought. I've told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, that's not about how people elsewhere think. It's about how you think. It's how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, "Why do I think the way that I do?" "How could I think differently?" And also, "What thoughts do I wish to create?" Thank you very much. (Applause) "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics." [01:05-01:24] ]]> ✓ share new thoughts through language which you had perhaps even never envisaged → the more vocabulary you have the better equipped you are to communicate effectively to envisage = to imagine what will happen in the future "To have a second language is to have a second soul" [01:50-02:00] ]]> ✓ language crafts reality → you are another person when you speak a different language → the more vocabulary you have the more perspectives you may take advantage of to look at things "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." [02:00-02:20] ]]> ✓ perhaps language doesn't craft reality → objective reality should be the same for every person but it is subjective = ageless contradiction What is unusual about the language used by an Aboriginal community in Australia, called Kuuk Thaayorre? [02:45-03:30] "Which way are you going?" answer: North - north east in the far distance ]]> What two conclusions can you draw from the cultural example of language spoken by Kuuk Thaayorre people [03:30-05:51]? (staying oriented [03:48]) (thinking about time [05:10]) ✓ if your language and your culture trains you to do it, you can do it e.g. stay oriented although we have no magnets in our beaks or in our scales ✓ they organize time from east to west = it gets locked on the landscape → no egocentric view (traditionally from left to right or vice versa) ✓ use a more organic approach to time management = less linear & target-oriented? → open to sharing more opportunities than just your own goals ✓ assess your position (as well as perhaps skills) in your environment in real time → anticipate possible obstacles better? What does the quantity of alternative words for different colours & shades suggest? [06:48-07:59] ✓ in English, there's a word for blue that covers all of the colours that you can see ✓ in Russian, there isn't a single word → Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." → make a categorical distinction = ability to perceptually discriminate colours faster How can gender of nouns differ across cultures? How does this affect the way people think? [08:01-08:58] examples: ✓ the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish ✓ the moon is masculine in German but feminine in Spanish → for German speakers bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" = stereotypically feminine words → for Spanish speakers bridges are "strong" or "long" = more masculine words What examples are given to suggest how differently languages can describe events? [09:02-09:40] ✓ in English: "He broke the vase" ✓ in Spanish: "The vase broke" in English: "I broke my arm." → in many languages = you did it intentionally How will different speakers interpret a same event in different ways? What conclusion can be drawn? [09:42-10:55] ✓ people remember different things about the same event → even eye-witnessing an event may be interpreted differently e.g. English speakers will remember who did it [09:56] → English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." e.g. Spanish speakers might be less likely to remember who did it if it's an accident → more likely to remember that it was an accident Conclusion [10:44] ✓ you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if you just said "He broke it" (as opposed to "It broke.") ✓ language guides our reasoning about events What are the risks of losing linguistic diversity? [12:28-12:56] 〆about one language is lost every week 〆half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years according to some estimates 〆almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities → what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased 5 A Embracing Multilingualism and Eradicating Linguistic Bias | Karen Leung | TEDxWWU 20240124 hw20240131 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Are some minorities more likely to suffer from discrimination because of the way they speak English? Why? Embracing Multilingualism and Eradicating Linguistic Bias | Karen Leung | TEDxWWU Karen Leung is currently (2018) in her second year in Woodring’s Early Childhood Education at Western Washington University. Through her involvement in this program, she has found that her passion lies in social justice and linguistics, and the overlap that exists between these two in bilingual education. Being in Woodring allows her to apply her passions to her teaching career, and gives her the opportunity to break down language barriers in education. Growing up as a native Cantonese speaker, Karen took ESL classes in school, all the while interpreting for her parents during teacher conferences at just seven years old. Through this experience, she realized that there is a need of increased awareness of the linguistic biases in our society and the need for more resources for immigrant families who are working in tandem with schools to provide the best possible education for their children. Karen also sees the potential of linguistic diversity in education, and believes that it is crucial for multicultural education. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QrGsxeEq8 → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> embracing_multilingualism_and_eradicating_linguistic_bias_karen_leung_TEDxWWU_S8QrGsxeEq8.mp4 Why did Karen Leung begin her speech in Cantonese? What did she want to illustrate? ✓ illustrated and drew attention to the audience's possible expectations and prejudices about her linguistic ability based on ethnicity → wanted to challenge and confront stereotypes ✓ emphasised such assumptions based on language, race, and ethnicity can lead to discrimination and marginalization = example of micro insults and micro assaults → hidden insult to the people who have a different culture and speak other languages → addresses high levels of uncertainty avoidance and neuroticism in some societies Why do you think Karen's parents gave their children names that are close to "American" ones, although they cannot pronounce them correctly in their native language (due to phonetic differences)? ✓ chose to give children American names to avoid micro assaults (micro insults) that can occur due to cultural differences → mitigate potential discrimination and bias based on their names (will be perceived as foreign or difficult to pronounce) = desire to protect children from subtle forms of prejudice Why is the language of non-native speakers of English labelled as “broken” even though they may be highly knowledgeable in both languages (native and English)? Why do you think some native Americans make migrants speak “American language”? 〆labelled non-native English speakers’ language as “broken” because it seems unintelligent to other people → people act with contempt to those whose native language is completely different 〆immigrants are told to speak more American = people behave disrespectfully to them → example of micro assaults and micro insults ≠ political correctness ✓ making migrants speak “American language” → perpetuates linguistic prejudice → reinforces the notion that non-native English speakers are inferior or less competent because of their linguistic differences 〆ignores linguistic diversity and richness → undermines knowledge, intelligence and abilities → suggests “illusory superiority” of native English speakers → reflects level of uncertainty avoidance in society ✓ “perfect English” suggests predictable behaviour How does uncertainty avoidance prevent people from understanding each other? [06:43-08:10] ✓ difficult to understand and tolerate people who don’t speak “well enough” → multilingualism perceived more as a flaw than as an advantage → need to show openness to experience and agreeableness What does Karen mean by “double standard”? ✓ native English speakers learning a foreign language don’t receive the same social shame that an immigrant would when they learn English as a second language → native English speakers learning any foreign language receive more praise → creates a linguistic hierarchy = native speakers of English are at the top Why are compliments like “your English is so good” and “you don’t have an accent” are micro-insults? [05:20-06:00] ✓ implies surprise at an individual's proficiency in English → reinforces stereotypes related to language and cultural competence → places excessive, negative importance on people's multilingual and multicultural experiences What steps would be politically correct when talking to a person and not understanding what they are saying? [08:17-08:36] ✓ don't ask to repeat immediately ✓ listen carefully → paraphrase to double-check your understanding → ask yourself: are you as fluent in their native language? What does she mean by saying that the USA was “meant to be a melting pot”? ✓ the United States were envisioned as a place where people from different backgrounds could come together → should blend traditions and cultures, form a unified society → support integration and the importance of eliminating all forms of discrimination, microaggressions, and stereotypes How does Karen Leung envision the potential of linguistic diversity in education contributing to social justice? ✓ embracing linguistic diversity in education contributes to social justice → challenges and dismantles systemic biases → fosters environment where individuals from diverse linguistic backgrounds have equal opportunities and representation to dismantle = to end an organization or system gradually in an organized way “What we say is far more important than how we say it.” Do you agree? ✓ micro assaults (micro insults & micro invalidations) usually embedded in language → "how we say it" can have a profound impact to embed = to fix something firmly into a substance; to include text, sound, images, video, etc. in a computer file, email message, or on a website agreeable = pleasant and easy to like 20240117 18:10-19:30 2 active Political correctness By the end of this session you will have studied Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 1 Political correctness works for no one - Jonathan Kay 20240110 hw20240117 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers (HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> 3 A British or Indian accent - iRabbit nr4 active wip move_html5_video british_accent_or_indian_iRabbit_nr4_OwRvUCi2s1U.mp4 3 Micro assaults (common racial micro aggressions 1/2) pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png active wip xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd Does micro racism exist, or is it just another controversial lack of political correctness? Are you com-FOR-TA-ble? What is this ve-GE-TA-ble? iRabbit Indian help desk Sir, did you just head wobble and do the Indian accent? (...) I sense micro racism & nano supremacy in your assertions. video

British 🇬🇧or Indian 🇮🇳accent? | iRabbit #4 Moontajska Productions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U Why could this be considered a micro aggression? = remarks and behaviours which might be experienced occasionally and brushed off as ‘rude’ or ‘inconsiderate’ by white people, and are amplified by being a constant part of the affected person’s daily experience → match the micro assaults with the categories → give examples ]]> 30 12 left 1;2;3 4;5 6;7 https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/students/microaggressions/racial-microaggressions/common-racial-micro-agressions ]]> 4 Micro insults & invalidations (common racial micro aggressions 2/2) pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png active wip xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd Have you ever experienced micro insults, and / or suffered from micro invalidation? = variety of subtle snubs, conveying a hidden insult to the recipient. Perpetrators are usually unaware they are speaking from bias → micro invalidation = communications that negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of colour → match the micro insults & invalidations with the categories → give examples ]]> 40 20 left 1;2;3;4;5;6 7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14 https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/students/microaggressions/racial-microaggressions/common-racial-micro-agressions ]]> 1 Political correctness works for no one - Jonathan Kay 20240110 hw20240117 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Do you believe political correctness really makes things better? For whom? Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers (HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> political_correctness_works_for_no_one_jonathan_kay_TEDxUTSC_tPdMG3oFGac.mp4 Introduction my name is Jonathan Kaye I'm the Canadian editor for Colette comm a podcaster a book author many people in the Twitter community have described me as a professional shitty story one of the previous speakers she mentioned about her intersectional nature she talked about going to Starbucks and being the one who had the really really complicated latte I just warned you I'm the guy who goes to the gas station and gets the instant coffee in the microwave so my perspective is a little different but I do want to build bridges my subject is political correctness and I think when people look at someone like me they assume that I'm gonna start my presentation by going through a long angry list of recent episodes and controversies people who got shut up or were censored or were mobbed in some way but I don't want to recite that list of controversies because I think most people in this room already know the episodes I'm talking about they're pretty well covered in the news I also want to make sure that when people watch this video on YouTube which I hope they do in coming years they find it relevant in a way that goes past recent headlines because the problem of political correctness that I'm talking about is a problem that is ageless it's a problem that goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics and many of those discussions that were had many of those arguments and controversies essentially followed the same politically correct pattern that now dictates the arguments we have over land and hashtags and everything else that informs our arguments about this subject I also want to acknowledge the fact that political correctness is a bipartisan phenomenon we typically talk about it these days as problem on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum if you go on a right-wing Facebook group and you say something nasty about Donald Trump I can guarantee you you will see a politically correct reaction from your audience even if they don't call it political correctness I'd also like to acknowledge that even though political correctness has a negative connotation it starts out with good intentions we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia the problem isn't with bad intentions behind political correctness the problem is human nature human beings love power they love the power to shut up other people and they will leverage any rule any law any standard to attain that power and that's how political correctness affects our society it's not just that we can't say a limited range of things we can't resonate with other people on any subject we want to take the subject of today's event we become more passive aggressive we become more aggressive we become more passive aggressive because we are encouraged to feel more pain more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with then we become more aggressive because we weaponize that pain that we feel we mob people on social media we attack people now it used to be political correctness in the old days when I was younger when I was at college you had to use an intermediary you had to go through government or you had to go through a human rights tribunal to shut somebody down that's not the case anymore you can go directly to Facebook or to Twitter this is one of the ways that political correctness has changed you know when I was younger the dominant metaphor was big brother from Georgia where Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother but that model doesn't exist anymore the idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down these days people their censorship the telescreen that existed on the wall in the novel 1984 that telescreen is now in our hands that's how we censor people we don't depend on Big Brother we have become Big Brother now some people may say well that's fine you may call it Big Brother you may call it political correctness but it's about calling people out on racism and sexism online and surely that's a good thing the problem is that the people who suffer most are the smallest fish in the ocean they're the people who don't have any power they're the people who get called out the big players on the other hand someone like for instance Jordan Peterson he doesn't get called out or if he does he has the power to overcome it Jordan Peterson of course is a tenured University of Toronto professor at the school where we're having this event he says politically correct things all the time politically incorrect things all the time but he doesn't suffer much for it in fact his last book sold I think 2 million copies because he has the power to fight back political correctness targets people who can't fight back and this plays out institutionally as well I have experience in journalism on the left and on the right I worked for a progressive liberal magazine and I also worked for a conservative newspaper it was at the left-wing liberal magazine that I saw political correctness was the most acute that's because of the crowdsource nature of political correctness these days it's the people within your own networks who hurt you so if you're a conservative it actually doesn't hurt you that much if you're a conservative the people in your networks don't mind if you say politically incorrect things in fact they're cheerleading you when I worked at that conservative newspaper my most popular columns were the ones denouncing political correctness when I went to that left-wing magazine as I said despite the fact that the actual substance of what I was publishing what I was saying was progressive stuff the people I work with were terrified of saying the wrong thing that's because the people in their social networks were the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy this is what's different from the old days in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority these days you run afoul of your friends your colleagues your relatives people who have the same opinions as you and who monitor everything you say closely some of the smartest people I worked with in my career were at that left-wing progressive magazine but they were people who were scared to say what they wanted to say because they thought that they were always one hashtag or one syllable one pronoun one mistake away from a career-ending utterance and so they kept their mouth shut whole weeks would go by when they wouldn't say anything on Twitter or Facebook or if they did they talk about their clothes or what they ate meanwhile my conservative friends are jabbering away they don't care that's why if you remember one thing from this presentation please remember this political correctness despite the fact that it's supposed to be a left-wing doctrine hurts people on the Left more than it hurts people on the right because of the crowdsourced nature of its implementation that's why I don't like to talk about scandals that you see in the news that much because the scandals don't tell the whole story you know do I think it's terrible that some conservative professor was shut down on a university campus or someone pulled a fire alarm or ben shapiro was prevented from speaking at berkeley or something like that yeah that's annoying it's not good but the real scandal isn't those isolated scandals the real scandal is everything you don't hear about because people don't speak their mind because they're scared and so no one notices because no one says anything and as I say that hurts people on the left more than hurts people on the right this very week I said I wasn't going to talk a lot about examples but something happened this very week that I thought was highly illustrative it was it involved the children's and young adult author named Ellen oh and I could not think of a more impeccably diverse multicultural ally and advocate and is known in the world of young adult fiction for her advocacy of diversity and even started an organization called we need more diverse books she went on Twitter earlier this week and started calling out peoples that people of color can be racist to which is true and we need people of color to to be more rigorous about their messaging because a lot of them are tone deaf mistake you can imagine how people responded they say tone deaf that's insulting a few hours later she gets back on Twitter and says I'm so sorry I'm so sorry I offended people by saying the word deaf and then at the end she apologizes she says thank you for pointing out my mistake and making me a better person or words to the effect by the way this is how you can always tell if you're in the midst of a politically correct cult if people end by thanking their tormentors for pointing out how horrible they are you know when when the witches thank the witch hunters that's when you know that during a cult and this is a serious problem and as I say it's limiting the range of opinions people hear and in fact it attacks the very premise of this event we're having the idea of resonance resonance works great when you're on the same wavelength with somebody when someone is on a different wavelength the concept of resonance both in physics and in society it becomes more complicated and you need a robust society a robust commitment to freedom of speech so that people who have different wavelengths can communicate with each other and don't shut each other down so what are the solutions I see three solutions oh I see more but I have a limited amount of time the first is we shouldn't be part of the problem it means if we disagree with somebody you hear something you disagree with try not to medicalize it try not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it without first saying maybe I just disagreed with that it doesn't mean I'm suffering some kind of medical reaction to it now there are some kinds of words and phrases that truly are medically painful in the way they they affect us we all know those those words and phrases I'm not gonna repeat them here in those cases it's fine to say those words hurt me because some words really do hurt I get that but in borderline cases ask yourself is the pain I'm feeling is the discomfort I'm feeling is it authentic or is it a political artifact of the environment in which we live where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions different senses of humor different kinds of communication as authoring as a form of attack on me when it's not sometimes it's just at different wavelengths that happens - so ask yourself that cross examine yourself about your reaction to things the other thing is when somebody does force you to submit to political correctness try to resist but I'm not naive I know that especially for young people it's impossible sometimes sometimes to keep your job or to keep your place in school or to keep yourself you're placing a peer group it's necessary to submit to politically correct regimes but what I would ask is that if you do have to submit destroy the premise of the person who is trying to shut you up say to them look I get it I have to delete the tweet I have to apologize I have to do this I have to go to a diversity class or what not because of what I said fine you have more power than me that's why I'm doing what you want me to do not because I agree with the premise that I caused anybody psychological pain but because you have more power than me I also will tell you that if the roles are reversed in a few years and I have that power over you I will not be using that power in the same way because I want to live in a society where free speech is valued more than the feelings of people who may or may not be offended by what I have to say the third thing I would say my third solution voice your community regardless of whether or not you're offended I happen to be Jewish when I'm online and I see somebody getting called out for saying something that's allegedly anti-semitic bad joke stereotype if I don't think it's anti-semitic I will say so I will jump in and say I'm Jewish I don't find that offensive relax we've all seen Seinfeld we can tell the jokes I tried to use my moral capital as a Jew to say that something isn't anti-semitic if it's not and you can do the same thing with it whether you're gay trans black Jewish not Jewish it doesn't matter voice your community regardless of whether you're offended or not because if we leave the marketplace of ideas to people who are constantly offended and we don't speak up when we're not offending we have no one else to blame but ourselves if the marketplace of ideas is taken over by Big Brother's little minions thank you you What kind of person gets their coffee at a petrol station & warms it up in the microwave? Why does Jonathan introduce himself this way? What bridges does he want to build? [00:30-01:04] He probably does it not to offend a person who works at a petrol station and makes this coffee by saying that the drink is cold. He doesn’t want to make any fuss about it and look like he’s nitpicking < ! - - (Tatiana Bogomolova) - - > ✓ His action of getting coffee at a petrol station and warming it in the microwave may symbolize a practical, no-frills approach to life, which could be perceived as a low-context behavior. It also represents a pragmatic, down-to-earth mindset. His choice of coffee and method of preparation could align with a linear-active mindset, which values efficiency and straightforwardness. It may resonate with cultures that emphasize a focus on indulgence versus restraint, favoring simplicity over extravagance --> ]]> fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style Why is the problem of political correctness ageless? [01:31-02:01] ✓ goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words ✓ they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like 〆political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures = arguably synonymous of high uncertainty avoidance = reminiscent of collectivism & restraint rather than more progressive, indulgence oriented individualism ✓ some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics = inclination to control language and expression → reduce potential sources of conflict or confusion → high uncertainty avoidance What does he mean by political correctness being a bipartisan phenomenon? [02:21] ✓ problem is on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum → any political group can demonstrate tendencies to control language → any political group can conform to certain standards in ways that limit open discourse bipartisan /baɪˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn/ = involving two (political) parties Why aren't good intentions just not enough? [02:45] ✓ we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia 〆the problem is human nature → human beings love power → they love the power to shut up other people → they will leverage any rule, any law, any standard to attain that power = restraint rather than indulgence Why are we becoming more passive aggressive? [03:42] ✓ we are encouraged to feel more pain, more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with ✓ we weaponise that pain → individuals avoid direct confrontation → resort instead to passive-aggressive tactics when faced with disagreement or emotional discomfort How was political correctness in the old days, how has it changed now? [04:08-05:16] ✓ the dominant metaphor was Big Brother from George Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother = idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down → high uncertainty avoidance, restraint and power distance ✓ we have become Big Brother → nowadays, we can call people out on racism and sexism online = levels of indulgence and uncertainty avoidance have decreased → majority of people are not afraid to take risks and express their opinions mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment What does Jonathan contest about political correctness? [05:20-06:08] ✓ political correctness targets people who can't fight back 〆big wigs can get away with politically incorrect contents = can afford to do so because of their reputation & their power to fight back big wig = important person Why does political correctness as a left-wing doctrine hurt actually people more on the left than on the right end of the spectrum? [06:24-07:10] ✓ politically correct behaviour is supposed to be a left-wing doctrine → care about the minorities 〆hurts people on the left more than it hurts people on the right → should be extremely careful of every single hashtag/syllable/pronoun e.g. firefighter ← fireman house-maker ← house-wife chalkboard ← blackboard Why are some people terrified of saying the wrong thing? What has changed? [07:11] ✓ people in their social networks are the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy = different from the old days → in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority → these days you run afoul of your friends, your colleagues, your relatives = people who have the same opinions as you but who monitor everything you say closely 〆always one hashtag, or one syllable, one pronoun, one mistake away from a career-ending utterance = increased awareness and scrutiny of language → unreported cases where individuals self-censor out of fear ✓ political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul of sth (AmEn) = to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of What is the real scandal about political correctness? [08:53-09:20] ✓ you don't hear everything because people don't speak their mind ✓ refrain from self-expression = fear of facing backlash → opt to remain silent = self-censorship → no one notices → limiting the range of opinions people hear to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society What solutions does Jonathan recommend? [11:34] [14:14] if we disagree with somebody, or you hear something you disagree with → try not to medicalize it → try not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it → voice your community [14:14] if you think it's not offending to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something What question(s) should one ask themselves? [12:25] ✓ Is the pain or discomfort I'm feeling authentic or a political artefact of the environment in which we live, where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions? What conclusions are drawn? Do you agree with them? [14:01] ✓ don't stifle free speech . if we allow the marketplace of ideas to be dominated by easily offended individuals . if we fail to defend our own viewpoints when they are not offensive → we are responsible for any consequences that arise to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed 1 How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky 20240117 hw20240124 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png ✓ if that target language features concepts that don't exist in your mother tongue (...)]]> How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world -- and they all have different sounds, vocabularies and structures. But do they shape the way we think? Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky shares examples of language -- from an Aboriginal community in Australia that uses cardinal directions instead of left and right to the multiple words for blue in Russian -- that suggest the answer is a resounding yes. "The beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is," Boroditsky says. "Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKK7wGAYP6k → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_language_shapes_the_way_we_think_lera_boroditsky_TED_RKK7wGAYP6k.mp4 So, I'll be speaking to you using language ... because I can. This is one these magical abilities that we humans have. We can transmit really complicated thoughts to one another. So what I'm doing right now is, I'm making sounds with my mouth as I'm exhaling. I'm making tones and hisses and puffs, and those are creating air vibrations in the air. Those air vibrations are traveling to you, they're hitting your eardrums, and then your brain takes those vibrations from your eardrums and transforms them into thoughts. I hope. (Laughter) I hope that's happening. So because of this ability, we humans are able to transmit our ideas across vast reaches of space and time. We're able to transmit knowledge across minds. I can put a bizarre new idea in your mind right now. I could say, "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics." (Laughter) Now, if everything has gone relatively well in your life so far, you probably haven't had that thought before. (Laughter) But now I've just made you think it, through language. Now of course, there isn't just one language in the world, there are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And all the languages differ from one another in all kinds of ways. Some languages have different sounds, they have different vocabularies, and they also have different structures -- very importantly, different structures. That begs the question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Now, this is an ancient question. People have been speculating about this question forever. Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, said, "To have a second language is to have a second soul" -- strong statement that language crafts reality. But on the other hand, Shakespeare has Juliet say, "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Well, that suggests that maybe language doesn't craft reality. These arguments have gone back and forth for thousands of years. But until recently, there hasn't been any data to help us decide either way. Recently, in my lab and other labs around the world, we've started doing research, and now we have actual scientific data to weigh in on this question. So let me tell you about some of my favorite examples. I'll start with an example from an Aboriginal community in Australia that I had the chance to work with. These are the Kuuk Thaayorre people. They live in Pormpuraaw at the very west edge of Cape York. What's cool about Kuuk Thaayorre is, in Kuuk Thaayorre, they don't use words like "left" and "right," and instead, everything is in cardinal directions: north, south, east and west. And when I say everything, I really mean everything. You would say something like, "Oh, there's an ant on your southwest leg." Or, "Move your cup to the north-northeast a little bit." In fact, the way that you say "hello" in Kuuk Thaayorre is you say, "Which way are you going?" And the answer should be, "North-northeast in the far distance. How about you?" So imagine as you're walking around your day, every person you greet, you have to report your heading direction. (Laughter) But that would actually get you oriented pretty fast, right? Because you literally couldn't get past "hello," if you didn't know which way you were going. In fact, people who speak languages like this stay oriented really well. They stay oriented better than we used to think humans could. We used to think that humans were worse than other creatures because of some biological excuse: "Oh, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales." No; if your language and your culture trains you to do it, actually, you can do it. There are humans around the world who stay oriented really well. And just to get us in agreement about how different this is from the way we do it, I want you all to close your eyes for a second and point southeast. (Laughter) Keep your eyes closed. Point. OK, so you can open your eyes. I see you guys pointing there, there, there, there, there ... I don't know which way it is myself -- (Laughter) You have not been a lot of help. (Laughter) So let's just say the accuracy in this room was not very high. This is a big difference in cognitive ability across languages, right? Where one group -- very distinguished group like you guys -- doesn't know which way is which, but in another group, I could ask a five-year-old and they would know. (Laughter) There are also really big differences in how people think about time. So here I have pictures of my grandfather at different ages. And if I ask an English speaker to organize time, they might lay it out this way, from left to right. This has to do with writing direction. If you were a speaker of Hebrew or Arabic, you might do it going in the opposite direction, from right to left. But how would the Kuuk Thaayorre, this Aboriginal group I just told you about, do it? They don't use words like "left" and "right." Let me give you hint. When we sat people facing south, they organized time from left to right. When we sat them facing north, they organized time from right to left. When we sat them facing east, time came towards the body. What's the pattern? East to west, right? So for them, time doesn't actually get locked on the body at all, it gets locked on the landscape. So for me, if I'm facing this way, then time goes this way, and if I'm facing this way, then time goes this way. I'm facing this way, time goes this way -- very egocentric of me to have the direction of time chase me around every time I turn my body. For the Kuuk Thaayorre, time is locked on the landscape. It's a dramatically different way of thinking about time. Here's another really smart human trick. Suppose I ask you how many penguins are there. Well, I bet I know how you'd solve that problem if you solved it. You went, "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight." You counted them. You named each one with a number, and the last number you said was the number of penguins. This is a little trick that you're taught to use as kids. You learn the number list and you learn how to apply it. A little linguistic trick. Well, some languages don't do this, because some languages don't have exact number words. They're languages that don't have a word like "seven" or a word like "eight." In fact, people who speak these languages don't count, and they have trouble keeping track of exact quantities. So, for example, if I ask you to match this number of penguins to the same number of ducks, you would be able to do that by counting. But folks who don't have that linguistic trick can't do that. Languages also differ in how they divide up the color spectrum -- the visual world. Some languages have lots of words for colors, some have only a couple words, "light" and "dark." And languages differ in where they put boundaries between colors. So, for example, in English, there's a word for blue that covers all of the colors that you can see on the screen, but in Russian, there isn't a single word. Instead, Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." So Russians have this lifetime of experience of, in language, distinguishing these two colors. When we test people's ability to perceptually discriminate these colors, what we find is that Russian speakers are faster across this linguistic boundary. They're faster to be able to tell the difference between a light and dark blue. And when you look at people's brains as they're looking at colors -- say you have colors shifting slowly from light to dark blue -- the brains of people who use different words for light and dark blue will give a surprised reaction as the colors shift from light to dark, as if, "Ooh, something has categorically changed," whereas the brains of English speakers, for example, that don't make this categorical distinction, don't give that surprise, because nothing is categorically changing. Languages have all kinds of structural quirks. This is one of my favorites. Lots of languages have grammatical gender; every noun gets assigned a gender, often masculine or feminine. And these genders differ across languages. So, for example, the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish, and the moon, the reverse. Could this actually have any consequence for how people think? Do German speakers think of the sun as somehow more female-like, and the moon somehow more male-like? Actually, it turns out that's the case. So if you ask German and Spanish speakers to, say, describe a bridge, like the one here -- "bridge" happens to be grammatically feminine in German, grammatically masculine in Spanish -- German speakers are more likely to say bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" and stereotypically feminine words. Whereas Spanish speakers will be more likely to say they're "strong" or "long," these masculine words. (Laughter) Languages also differ in how they describe events, right? You take an event like this, an accident. In English, it's fine to say, "He broke the vase." In a language like Spanish, you might be more likely to say, "The vase broke," or, "The vase broke itself." If it's an accident, you wouldn't say that someone did it. In English, quite weirdly, we can even say things like, "I broke my arm." Now, in lots of languages, you couldn't use that construction unless you are a lunatic and you went out looking to break your arm -- (Laughter) and you succeeded. If it was an accident, you would use a different construction. Now, this has consequences. So, people who speak different languages will pay attention to different things, depending on what their language usually requires them to do. So we show the same accident to English speakers and Spanish speakers, English speakers will remember who did it, because English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." Whereas Spanish speakers might be less likely to remember who did it if it's an accident, but they're more likely to remember that it was an accident. They're more likely to remember the intention. So, two people watch the same event, witness the same crime, but end up remembering different things about that event. This has implications, of course, for eyewitness testimony. It also has implications for blame and punishment. So if you take English speakers and I just show you someone breaking a vase, and I say, "He broke the vase," as opposed to "The vase broke," even though you can witness it yourself, you can watch the video, you can watch the crime against the vase, you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if I just said, "He broke it," as opposed to, "It broke." The language guides our reasoning about events. Now, I've given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So language can have big effects, like we saw with space and time, where people can lay out space and time in completely different coordinate frames from each other. Language can also have really deep effects -- that's what we saw with the case of number. Having count words in your language, having number words, opens up the whole world of mathematics. Of course, if you don't count, you can't do algebra, you can't do any of the things that would be required to build a room like this or make this broadcast, right? This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive realm. Language can also have really early effects, what we saw in the case of color. These are really simple, basic, perceptual decisions. We make thousands of them all the time, and yet, language is getting in there and fussing even with these tiny little perceptual decisions that we make. Language can have really broad effects. So the case of grammatical gender may be a little silly, but at the same time, grammatical gender applies to all nouns. That means language can shape how you're thinking about anything that can be named by a noun. That's a lot of stuff. And finally, I gave you an example of how language can shape things that have personal weight to us -- ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives. Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 -- there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And we can create many more -- languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that we're losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time. We're losing about one language a week, and by some estimates, half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years. And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities. That excludes almost all humans. Right? So what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased, and our science has to do better. I want to leave you with this final thought. I've told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, that's not about how people elsewhere think. It's about how you think. It's how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, "Why do I think the way that I do?" "How could I think differently?" And also, "What thoughts do I wish to create?" Thank you very much. (Applause) "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics." [01:05-01:24] ]]> ✓ share new thoughts through language which you had perhaps even never envisaged → the more vocabulary you have the better equipped you are to communicate effectively to envisage = to imagine what will happen in the future "To have a second language is to have a second soul" [01:50-02:00] ]]> ✓ language crafts reality → you are another person when you speak a different language → the more vocabulary you have the more perspectives you may take advantage of to look at things "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." [02:00-02:20] ]]> ✓ perhaps language doesn't craft reality → objective reality should be the same for every person but it is subjective = ageless contradiction What is unusual about the language used by an Aboriginal community in Australia, called Kuuk Thaayorre? [02:45-03:30] "Which way are you going?" answer: North - north east in the far distance ]]> What two conclusions can you draw from the cultural example of language spoken by Kuuk Thaayorre people [03:30-05:51]? (staying oriented [03:48]) (thinking about time [05:10]) ✓ if your language and your culture trains you to do it, you can do it e.g. stay oriented although we have no magnets in our beaks or in our scales ✓ they organize time from east to west = it gets locked on the landscape → no egocentric view (traditionally from left to right or vice versa) ✓ use a more organic approach to time management = less linear & target-oriented? → open to sharing more opportunities than just your own goals ✓ assess your position (as well as perhaps skills) in your environment in real time → anticipate possible obstacles better? What does the quantity of alternative words for different colours & shades suggest? [06:48-07:59] ✓ in English, there's a word for blue that covers all of the colours that you can see ✓ in Russian, there isn't a single word → Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." → make a categorical distinction = ability to perceptually discriminate colours faster How can gender of nouns differ across cultures? How does this affect the way people think? [08:01-08:58] examples: ✓ the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish ✓ the moon is masculine in German but feminine in Spanish → for German speakers bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" = stereotypically feminine words → for Spanish speakers bridges are "strong" or "long" = more masculine words What examples are given to suggest how differently languages can describe events? [09:02-09:40] ✓ in English: "He broke the vase" ✓ in Spanish: "The vase broke" in English: "I broke my arm." → in many languages = you did it intentionally How will different speakers interpret a same event in different ways? What conclusion can be drawn? [09:42-10:55] ✓ people remember different things about the same event → even eye-witnessing an event may be interpreted differently e.g. English speakers will remember who did it [09:56] → English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." e.g. Spanish speakers might be less likely to remember who did it if it's an accident → more likely to remember that it was an accident Conclusion [10:44] ✓ you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if you just said "He broke it" (as opposed to "It broke.") ✓ language guides our reasoning about events What are the risks of losing linguistic diversity? [12:28-12:56] 〆about one language is lost every week 〆half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years according to some estimates 〆almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities → what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased to brush off = to bar from attention or consideration, to disregard slur = unfair remark about sb/sth that may damage other people's opinion of them supremacy = position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else Negro = (old-fashioned, often offensive) member of a race of people with dark skin who originally came from Africa swastika = ancient symbol in the form of a cross with its ends bent at an angle of 90 degrees, used in the 20th century as the symbol of the German Nazi party subjugation = forced submission to control by others; oppression micro insult = variety of subtle snubs, conveying a hidden insult to the recipient. Perpetrators are usually unaware they are speaking from bias micro invalidation = communications that negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of colour snub = action or a comment that is deliberately rude in order to show sb that you do not like or respect them fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to stifle = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed swastika /ˈswɔstɪkə/ stifle /'staifəl/ 20240110 18:10-19:30 2 active Political correctness in comedies It's all Greek to me By the end of this session you will have studied Quarterly test 〆no dictionaries 〆no language notes → complete as h/w → deadline Friday 20231215 → time allowed: 60min Quarterly test (on-line version)

Zoom meeting details RRWC group 5 - Duncan Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 799 4847 6862 Passcode: t19ibC https://us04web.zoom.us/j/79948476862?pwd=alnFnHoD8CXXjF5XClox5arfn84o0V.1 ]]> 8 It's all Greek to me 20231220 hw20240110 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png It's All Greek To Me | A Bit Of Fry &Laurie | BBC Comedy Greats A Bit of Fry & Laurie is a British sketch comedy television series written by and starring former Cambridge Footlights members Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on both BBC1 and BBC2 between 1989 and 1995. It ran for four series with 26 episodes, including a 36-minute pilot episode in 1987. As in The Two Ronnies, elaborate wordplay and innuendo were staples. It frequently broke the fourth wall; characters would revert to their real-life actors mid-sketch, or the camera would often pan off set into the studio. The show was punctuated with non sequitur vox pops in a similar style to those of Monty Python's Flying Circus, often making irrelevant statements and wordplay. Laurie was also seen playing piano and other instruments and singing comical numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqZZKwCPCj8 → watch the video → answer the questions.]]> quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20231213.xml Quarterly test (logs) active wip quarterly_test_logs test_log_SergeyDavydov_20231208_1613_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20231213.xml test_log_MikhaylovaNadezhda_20231212_1638_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20231213.xml test_log_MARINAGRIGORYEVA_20231215_1543_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20231213.xml test_log_AnnaShekshueva_20231216_1602_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20231213.xml test_log_Tatyana_20240112_1242_quarterly_test_rrwcgroup5_20231213.xml 8 It's all Greek to me 20231220 hw20240110 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png 'I don't know'?
Is it all right to lose face in your culture, or will you pretend you know something at any cost rather than admit you don't?]]> It's All Greek To Me | A Bit Of Fry &Laurie | BBC Comedy Greats A Bit of Fry & Laurie is a British sketch comedy television series written by and starring former Cambridge Footlights members Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on both BBC1 and BBC2 between 1989 and 1995. It ran for four series with 26 episodes, including a 36-minute pilot episode in 1987. As in The Two Ronnies, elaborate wordplay and innuendo were staples. It frequently broke the fourth wall; characters would revert to their real-life actors mid-sketch, or the camera would often pan off set into the studio. The show was punctuated with non sequitur vox pops in a similar style to those of Monty Python's Flying Circus, often making irrelevant statements and wordplay. Laurie was also seen playing piano and other instruments and singing comical numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqZZKwCPCj8 → watch the video → answer the questions.]]> This Octopus, what was it called? The Greek waiter: Where was it caught? What a question! In the sea. Hugh Laurie: Yeah... so, that should be OK, Gordon...]]> it_s_all_greek_to_me_a_bit_of_fry_and_laurie_BBC_comedy_greats_PqZZKwCPCj8.mp4 Why does the scene take place in a Greek restaurant (and not Indian for instance)? ✓ pun on words It's all Greek to me = way of saying that you do not understand something that is said or written but Hugh Laurie pretends to understand Greek well... That's a typical Londoner's reaction (...) You don't understand the Greek does things at his own tempo. You know, natural rhythms & cycles deep within them. The Yorkshireman in me respects that [00:06-00:13] Why does Hugh Laurie pretend he understands Greek culture? ]]> ✓ wants to show off how well-educated he is ✓ cultural awareness is well-thought of (= long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance...) It's a bit forward, isn't? All that 'My lovely friends' don't (you think)? Hugh Laurie Ah well, you see, Gordon, he (the Greek waiter) spotted a kindred spirit (in me). [01:22-01:27] Why does Hugh Laurie carry on pretending he & the waiter share some same cultural values?]]> treated with respect - not the average walk-in, quick turn-over merchants [01:34] ]]> kindred spirit = person with similar ideas, opinions, etc Ah, I've had enough, Gordon. I'm gonna have an honest British kebab! [03:58] Why is this last reply amusing?]]> ✓ a kebab is by no means more British than a Greek meal = contradictory behaviour to long-term orientation & uncertainty avoidance observed earlier Can you think of any reasons why this comedy could be considered as not politically correct by today's standards? Why has it - or hasn't it - crossed the border? 〆stereotypical portrait of Greek waiters 〆British condescending approach ✓ collective tolerance towards witty, established comedians? ✓ British laughing at themselves = self-deprecating sense of humour (...) self-deprecating = done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant; ~ humour can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions. It may also be used as a way for individuals to appear more likeable and agreeable 7 Politically correct language 2/2 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png active wip edit_ol_qa_writing prep_ol_qa_writing edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. man → people He who cannot obey cannot command. He → A person A man's home is his castle. A person's home is their castle. Every man has his hobby horse. Everyone has their hobby horse. hobby horse = (sometimes disapproving) subject that sb feels strongly about and likes to talk about He is happy that thinks himself so. They are happy that think themselves so. 1 Native speakers' dialect active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Can a language be taught without being occasionally politically incorrect? ✓ if native speakers are considered politically neutral in their environment... = reminiscent of a dialect → make sure your register matches the cultural context video

British 🇬🇧or Indian 🇮🇳accent? | iRabbit #4 Moontajska Productions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U → watch the video → imagine what viewers may write in the comments → read sample comments → answer the questions]]> british_accent_or_indian_iRabbit_nr4_OwRvUCi2s1U.mp4 What is the Englishman accused of? [01:42] The damn thing doesn't seem to work I'm speaking the Queen's English Don't need your damn course Don't you bloody hell... It's a bloody umbrella 〆wrong behaviour Indian accent nano-supremacy micro-racism The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool... Did you Shakespeare me? ]]> damn = swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc bloody = swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement Why do you think Maria has a Soviet Union like accent? [02:15] ✓ caricature of threatening, totalitarian regime "I beg your pardon?" Why does the Englishman ask if Maria is from another planet? [02:23] ]]> ✓ he is not sure he has understood her well & pretends to be very surprised by what she is suggesting ✓ she explains they don't tolerate any racist, sexist, homophobic, white supremacist, neocolonial insinuations on their platform → he thinks this is excessive because he probably doesn't consider himself using such language = fish can't see water Do you think British English will become a dialect one day? Why / why not? ✓ it may have already... ✓ more non native people speak English than natives → approximately 7.8 billion inhabitants ✓ 1.35 billion speak English ~ 360 million people speak English as a first language ! most common first language is Chinese, then Spanish (English = 3rd) ✓ English is by far the most commonly studied Should RP (received pronunciation, aka BBC English) still be the kind of language taught? The truth is this is now reality. I was teaching in a class in a British University (can't name it here, or I will get sued!). It was a post-graduate class, and almost all the students were international, including Chinese, Indians, many East Europeans, Italians, French, German etc. There were just a couple of English students in the class. Every class had a case or exercise, so there was lots of group discussion in the class. Most of the time, students spoke with their respective accents in the class, but everybody understood each other all the time. And then one day, one of the few English students (who were mostly silent) spoke and made his point. Suddenly there was a stunned silence in the class! And I quickly realized this was because not one of the students understood a word of what he spoke (except for the couple of other English students!). This student was from Liverpool. Then one of the international students politely requested him to repeat what he said. Again, none of the students understood him. Then he repeated himself a third time. And then out of sheer frustration, he just said 'oh well, forget it', and gave up! But by then I had picked up what he said, and interpreted what he said for the rest of the class. That scene was remarkable for me. This was a British University sitting in the heart of London, offering a British PG degree. And yet, all the international students could converse and understand each other perfectly in English, except when the actual native English student spoke! That to me suggested English had now truly become an international language, and was no more owned by England! (although England will always get full credit for having created the language). @stephenmani8495 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U ]]> RP (received pronunciation) = approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain); until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting to converse = to have a conversation with sb stunned silence = silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak 1 Political correctness works for no one - Jonathan Kay 20240110 hw20240117 active wip prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Do you believe political correctness really makes things better? For whom? Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers (HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> political_correctness_works_for_no_one_jonathan_kay_TEDxUTSC_tPdMG3oFGac.mp4 Introduction my name is Jonathan Kaye I'm the Canadian editor for Colette comm a podcaster a book author many people in the Twitter community have described me as a professional shitty story one of the previous speakers she mentioned about her intersectional nature she talked about going to Starbucks and being the one who had the really really complicated latte I just warned you I'm the guy who goes to the gas station and gets the instant coffee in the microwave so my perspective is a little different but I do want to build bridges my subject is political correctness and I think when people look at someone like me they assume that I'm gonna start my presentation by going through a long angry list of recent episodes and controversies people who got shut up or were censored or were mobbed in some way but I don't want to recite that list of controversies because I think most people in this room already know the episodes I'm talking about they're pretty well covered in the news I also want to make sure that when people watch this video on YouTube which I hope they do in coming years they find it relevant in a way that goes past recent headlines because the problem of political correctness that I'm talking about is a problem that is ageless it's a problem that goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics and many of those discussions that were had many of those arguments and controversies essentially followed the same politically correct pattern that now dictates the arguments we have over land and hashtags and everything else that informs our arguments about this subject I also want to acknowledge the fact that political correctness is a bipartisan phenomenon we typically talk about it these days as problem on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum if you go on a right-wing Facebook group and you say something nasty about Donald Trump I can guarantee you you will see a politically correct reaction from your audience even if they don't call it political correctness I'd also like to acknowledge that even though political correctness has a negative connotation it starts out with good intentions we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia the problem isn't with bad intentions behind political correctness the problem is human nature human beings love power they love the power to shut up other people and they will leverage any rule any law any standard to attain that power and that's how political correctness affects our society it's not just that we can't say a limited range of things we can't resonate with other people on any subject we want to take the subject of today's event we become more passive aggressive we become more aggressive we become more passive aggressive because we are encouraged to feel more pain more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with then we become more aggressive because we weaponize that pain that we feel we mob people on social media we attack people now it used to be political correctness in the old days when I was younger when I was at college you had to use an intermediary you had to go through government or you had to go through a human rights tribunal to shut somebody down that's not the case anymore you can go directly to Facebook or to Twitter this is one of the ways that political correctness has changed you know when I was younger the dominant metaphor was big brother from Georgia where Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother but that model doesn't exist anymore the idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down these days people their censorship the telescreen that existed on the wall in the novel 1984 that telescreen is now in our hands that's how we censor people we don't depend on Big Brother we have become Big Brother now some people may say well that's fine you may call it Big Brother you may call it political correctness but it's about calling people out on racism and sexism online and surely that's a good thing the problem is that the people who suffer most are the smallest fish in the ocean they're the people who don't have any power they're the people who get called out the big players on the other hand someone like for instance Jordan Peterson he doesn't get called out or if he does he has the power to overcome it Jordan Peterson of course is a tenured University of Toronto professor at the school where we're having this event he says politically correct things all the time politically incorrect things all the time but he doesn't suffer much for it in fact his last book sold I think 2 million copies because he has the power to fight back political correctness targets people who can't fight back and this plays out institutionally as well I have experience in journalism on the left and on the right I worked for a progressive liberal magazine and I also worked for a conservative newspaper it was at the left-wing liberal magazine that I saw political correctness was the most acute that's because of the crowdsource nature of political correctness these days it's the people within your own networks who hurt you so if you're a conservative it actually doesn't hurt you that much if you're a conservative the people in your networks don't mind if you say politically incorrect things in fact they're cheerleading you when I worked at that conservative newspaper my most popular columns were the ones denouncing political correctness when I went to that left-wing magazine as I said despite the fact that the actual substance of what I was publishing what I was saying was progressive stuff the people I work with were terrified of saying the wrong thing that's because the people in their social networks were the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy this is what's different from the old days in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority these days you run afoul of your friends your colleagues your relatives people who have the same opinions as you and who monitor everything you say closely some of the smartest people I worked with in my career were at that left-wing progressive magazine but they were people who were scared to say what they wanted to say because they thought that they were always one hashtag or one syllable one pronoun one mistake away from a career-ending utterance and so they kept their mouth shut whole weeks would go by when they wouldn't say anything on Twitter or Facebook or if they did they talk about their clothes or what they ate meanwhile my conservative friends are jabbering away they don't care that's why if you remember one thing from this presentation please remember this political correctness despite the fact that it's supposed to be a left-wing doctrine hurts people on the Left more than it hurts people on the right because of the crowdsourced nature of its implementation that's why I don't like to talk about scandals that you see in the news that much because the scandals don't tell the whole story you know do I think it's terrible that some conservative professor was shut down on a university campus or someone pulled a fire alarm or ben shapiro was prevented from speaking at berkeley or something like that yeah that's annoying it's not good but the real scandal isn't those isolated scandals the real scandal is everything you don't hear about because people don't speak their mind because they're scared and so no one notices because no one says anything and as I say that hurts people on the left more than hurts people on the right this very week I said I wasn't going to talk a lot about examples but something happened this very week that I thought was highly illustrative it was it involved the children's and young adult author named Ellen oh and I could not think of a more impeccably diverse multicultural ally and advocate and is known in the world of young adult fiction for her advocacy of diversity and even started an organization called we need more diverse books she went on Twitter earlier this week and started calling out peoples that people of color can be racist to which is true and we need people of color to to be more rigorous about their messaging because a lot of them are tone deaf mistake you can imagine how people responded they say tone deaf that's insulting a few hours later she gets back on Twitter and says I'm so sorry I'm so sorry I offended people by saying the word deaf and then at the end she apologizes she says thank you for pointing out my mistake and making me a better person or words to the effect by the way this is how you can always tell if you're in the midst of a politically correct cult if people end by thanking their tormentors for pointing out how horrible they are you know when when the witches thank the witch hunters that's when you know that during a cult and this is a serious problem and as I say it's limiting the range of opinions people hear and in fact it attacks the very premise of this event we're having the idea of resonance resonance works great when you're on the same wavelength with somebody when someone is on a different wavelength the concept of resonance both in physics and in society it becomes more complicated and you need a robust society a robust commitment to freedom of speech so that people who have different wavelengths can communicate with each other and don't shut each other down so what are the solutions I see three solutions oh I see more but I have a limited amount of time the first is we shouldn't be part of the problem it means if we disagree with somebody you hear something you disagree with try not to medicalize it try not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it without first saying maybe I just disagreed with that it doesn't mean I'm suffering some kind of medical reaction to it now there are some kinds of words and phrases that truly are medically painful in the way they they affect us we all know those those words and phrases I'm not gonna repeat them here in those cases it's fine to say those words hurt me because some words really do hurt I get that but in borderline cases ask yourself is the pain I'm feeling is the discomfort I'm feeling is it authentic or is it a political artifact of the environment in which we live where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions different senses of humor different kinds of communication as authoring as a form of attack on me when it's not sometimes it's just at different wavelengths that happens - so ask yourself that cross examine yourself about your reaction to things the other thing is when somebody does force you to submit to political correctness try to resist but I'm not naive I know that especially for young people it's impossible sometimes sometimes to keep your job or to keep your place in school or to keep yourself you're placing a peer group it's necessary to submit to politically correct regimes but what I would ask is that if you do have to submit destroy the premise of the person who is trying to shut you up say to them look I get it I have to delete the tweet I have to apologize I have to do this I have to go to a diversity class or what not because of what I said fine you have more power than me that's why I'm doing what you want me to do not because I agree with the premise that I caused anybody psychological pain but because you have more power than me I also will tell you that if the roles are reversed in a few years and I have that power over you I will not be using that power in the same way because I want to live in a society where free speech is valued more than the feelings of people who may or may not be offended by what I have to say the third thing I would say my third solution voice your community regardless of whether or not you're offended I happen to be Jewish when I'm online and I see somebody getting called out for saying something that's allegedly anti-semitic bad joke stereotype if I don't think it's anti-semitic I will say so I will jump in and say I'm Jewish I don't find that offensive relax we've all seen Seinfeld we can tell the jokes I tried to use my moral capital as a Jew to say that something isn't anti-semitic if it's not and you can do the same thing with it whether you're gay trans black Jewish not Jewish it doesn't matter voice your community regardless of whether you're offended or not because if we leave the marketplace of ideas to people who are constantly offended and we don't speak up when we're not offending we have no one else to blame but ourselves if the marketplace of ideas is taken over by Big Brother's little minions thank you you What kind of person gets their coffee at a petrol station & warms it up in the microwave? Why does Jonathan introduce himself this way? What bridges does he want to build? [00:30-01:04] He probably does it not to offend a person who works at a petrol station and makes this coffee by saying that the drink is cold. He doesn’t want to make any fuss about it and look like he’s nitpicking < ! - - (Tatiana Bogomolova) - - > ✓ His action of getting coffee at a petrol station and warming it in the microwave may symbolize a practical, no-frills approach to life, which could be perceived as a low-context behavior. It also represents a pragmatic, down-to-earth mindset. His choice of coffee and method of preparation could align with a linear-active mindset, which values efficiency and straightforwardness. It may resonate with cultures that emphasize a focus on indulgence versus restraint, favoring simplicity over extravagance --> ]]> fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style Why is the problem of political correctness ageless? [01:31-02:01] ✓ goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words ✓ they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like 〆political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures = arguably synonymous of high uncertainty avoidance = reminiscent of collectivism & restraint rather than more progressive, indulgence oriented individualism ✓ some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics = inclination to control language and expression → reduce potential sources of conflict or confusion → high uncertainty avoidance What does he mean by political correctness being a bipartisan phenomenon? [02:21] ✓ problem is on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum → any political group can demonstrate tendencies to control language → any political group can conform to certain standards in ways that limit open discourse bipartisan /baɪˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn/ = involving two (political) parties Why aren't good intentions just not enough? [02:45] ✓ we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia 〆the problem is human nature → human beings love power → they love the power to shut up other people → they will leverage any rule, any law, any standard to attain that power = restraint rather than indulgence Why are we becoming more passive aggressive? [03:42] ✓ we are encouraged to feel more pain, more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with ✓ we weaponise that pain → individuals avoid direct confrontation → resort instead to passive-aggressive tactics when faced with disagreement or emotional discomfort How was political correctness in the old days, how has it changed now? [04:08-05:16] ✓ the dominant metaphor was Big Brother from George Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother = idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down → high uncertainty avoidance, restraint and power distance ✓ we have become Big Brother → nowadays, we can call people out on racism and sexism online = levels of indulgence and uncertainty avoidance have decreased → majority of people are not afraid to take risks and express their opinions mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment What does Jonathan contest about political correctness? [05:20-06:08] ✓ political correctness targets people who can't fight back 〆big wigs can get away with politically incorrect contents = can afford to do so because of their reputation & their power to fight back big wig = important person Why does political correctness as a left-wing doctrine hurt actually people more on the left than on the right end of the spectrum? [06:24-07:10] ✓ politically correct behaviour is supposed to be a left-wing doctrine → care about the minorities 〆hurts people on the left more than it hurts people on the right → should be extremely careful of every single hashtag/syllable/pronoun e.g. firefighter ← fireman house-maker ← house-wife chalkboard ← blackboard Why are some people terrified of saying the wrong thing? What has changed? [07:11] ✓ people in their social networks are the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy = different from the old days → in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority → these days you run afoul of your friends, your colleagues, your relatives = people who have the same opinions as you but who monitor everything you say closely 〆always one hashtag, or one syllable, one pronoun, one mistake away from a career-ending utterance = increased awareness and scrutiny of language → unreported cases where individuals self-censor out of fear ✓ political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul of sth (AmEn) = to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of What is the real scandal about political correctness? [08:53-09:20] ✓ you don't hear everything because people don't speak their mind ✓ refrain from self-expression = fear of facing backlash → opt to remain silent = self-censorship → no one notices → limiting the range of opinions people hear to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society What solutions does Jonathan recommend? [11:34] [14:14] if we disagree with somebody, or you hear something you disagree with → try not to medicalize it → try not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it → voice your community [14:14] if you think it's not offending to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something What question(s) should one ask themselves? [12:25] ✓ Is the pain or discomfort I'm feeling authentic or a political artefact of the environment in which we live, where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions? What conclusions are drawn? Do you agree with them? [14:01] ✓ don't stifle free speech . if we allow the marketplace of ideas to be dominated by easily offended individuals . if we fail to defend our own viewpoints when they are not offensive → we are responsible for any consequences that arise to stifle = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed hobby horse = (sometimes disapproving) subject that sb feels strongly about and likes to talk about fourth wall (the ~) = performance convention in which an invisible, imaginary wall separates actors from the audience. While the audience can see through this "wall", the convention assumes the actors act as if they cannot. From the 16th century onward, the rise of illusionism in staging practices, which culminated in the realism and naturalism of the theatre of the 19th century, led to the development of the fourth wall concept. innuendo = indirect remark about sb/sth, usually suggesting sth bad or rude non sequitur = statement that does not seem to follow what has just been said in any natural or logical way vox pops (vox populi) = belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people It's all Greek to me = way of saying that you do not understand something that is said or written kindred spirit = person with similar ideas, opinions, etc self-deprecating = done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant; ~ humour can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions. It may also be used as a way for individuals to appear more likeable and agreeable damn = swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc bloody = swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement stunned silence = silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak RP (received pronunciation) = approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain); until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting to converse = to have a conversation with sb supremacy = position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else