izimin y24izimin 20260120 155 64 2 93 31 Prepare for quarterly test Download onto your phone or tablet and listen carefully. ]]> sbook_plugins/wordlist_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook_for_sbook_session.inc sbook_plugins/payment_history_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook.inc Avito Ivan Zimin B2 20260121 08:30-09:30 1.5 tbc Obstacles to transformational leadership | Vision for attracting talent & developing disparate regions (Serbia vs the USA) Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist (2/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist → watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk Zoom meeting details I.Zimin - D.Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 761 4548 2631 Passcode: 9CRp6b https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76145482631?pwd=3XKDvcA06MQ2389xwAcbRCBBdeqpML.1 ]]> 15 1 Obstacles to transformational leadership active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png What obstacles to make transformations could you as a leader face in a company with employees who have been working 20 years? Why could a European work life balance hamper a company's growth? ✓ to face slower product cycles when strict limits on overtime delay delivery ✓ to struggle scaling operations quickly without flexible weekend or late-night shifts ✓ to cope with higher labour costs when overtime premiums and leave entitlements rise ✓ to lose competitiveness against regions with longer working weeks and fewer restrictions ✓ been limited by rigid labour laws preventing rapid hiring or flexible contracts ✓ to risk reduced investor confidence if growth metrics lag peers outside Europe 〆to rely on unlimited working hours without negative impact on retention work-life balance = equilibrium between professional responsibilities and personal life, often maintained by limiting working hours, guaranteeing paid leave, and supporting family-friendly policies; while it improves well-being, productivity, and retention, it can also challenge rapid scaling, as companies may face restricted flexibility and higher labour costs compared to markets with fewer protections labour market rigidity = presence of strict regulations governing hiring, firing, contracts, and working hours; rigid markets can protect employees but may reduce a company’s ability to adjust quickly to demand, adopt new models, or attract investment compared with more flexible labour markets Can ageism be an obstacle to a company's development? ✓ to lose valuable experience and institutional knowledge when side lining senior staff ✓ to weaken team diversity by limiting cross-generational collaboration and perspectives ✓ to damage employer brand and talent attraction if labelled as discriminatory ✓ to miss mentoring opportunities for junior staff who benefit from seasoned guidance ✓ been worsened by stereotypes equating age with low adaptability or weak digital skills ✓ to expose company to legal risks and costly discrimination claims in strict jurisdictions 〆to assume innovation only comes from younger employees without downside ageism = prejudice or discrimination based on a person’s age, often manifesting as assumptions about productivity, adaptability, or cultural fit; in the workplace, ageism can exclude older employees from promotions, training, or hiring, causing loss of skills, morale, and diversity; addressing ageism requires awareness campaigns, inclusive policies, and valuing contributions across all age groups knowledge transfer = process of sharing expertise, best practices, and lessons learned from experienced employees to newer staff; effective knowledge transfer preserves organisational memory, prevents repeated mistakes, and accelerates learning curves; structured mentoring, documentation, and collaborative platforms help capture tacit knowledge before it is lost through turnover or retirement Why is agility so important in today's world-wide businesses? ✓ to adapt quickly to market disruptions and emerging competitors ✓ to shorten product development cycles with iterative improvements ✓ to respond flexibly to customer feedback and shifting expectations ✓ to align cross-functional teams around shared goals under uncertainty ✓ been strengthened by digital tools enabling real-time data-driven decisions ✓ to scale operations up or down swiftly depending on demand 〆to rely solely on rigid long-term plans without room for adjustment business agility = capability of an organisation to adapt rapidly to market changes, customer demands, and technological shifts while maintaining core stability; agility combines flexible processes, empowered teams, and quick decision-making cycles; it enables companies to seize opportunities, reduce risks, and innovate continuously, ensuring resilience and long-term competitiveness in volatile environments iterative development = process of creating products or solutions through repeated short cycles of design, testing, feedback, and improvement; this approach reduces risk, increases adaptability, and ensures closer alignment with customer needs compared with large one-off launches What obstacles might a leader encounter when driving transformation in a company where many employees have worked for two decades or more? ✓ to face resistance to change rooted in loyalty to established routines and habits ✓ to overcome scepticism towards new tools, processes, or cultural shifts ✓ to address fear of losing status, roles, or job security during transformation ✓ to deal with limited digital adoption if training and upskilling have lagged ✓ been complicated by entrenched hierarchies and informal networks slowing decisions ✓ to manage generational gaps between long-tenured staff and newer hires 〆to expect instant acceptance of disruptive initiatives without dialogue resistance to change = reluctance or refusal of individuals or groups to adapt to new circumstances, processes, or technologies; often driven by fear of uncertainty, comfort with current routines, or lack of trust in leadership; overcoming it requires clear communication, inclusive planning, training, and visible benefits that build confidence in the transformation organisational inertia = tendency of established structures, cultures, and processes to resist alteration even when external conditions demand change; inertia can slow innovation, decision-making, and adaptation; leaders counter it through strong vision, gradual transitions, incentives, and building coalitions that support change from within Bottoms Up - JH B2 Preparing for professional mobility 14 1 Vision for attracting talent & developing disparate regions (Serbia vs USA) active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png How can you convince a head hunter you are the right candidate for a position close to C level? How would you attract talent to an area like Belgrade? How differently would you proceed to recruit talent for a position in the USA? ✓ recruit some 5% of talent with high profiles to set an example ✓ networking → attract 2-3 FAANG managers to speak in public about their new projects in this company at various conferences ✓ remote-first work → tease other tier 2 employees with adequate remuneration Why would you need to update the current technological stack? ✓ rebuild legacy model to provide more competitive products ✓ sell off some assets ✓ grow some promising areas to become a tier-2 market player What skills should the ideal candidate boast? ✓ experience in big tech companies ✓ AWS technological stack ✓ understanding of both European & American cultural dimensions & expectations What resistance could you face in Europe vs the US? ✓ local work culture of 20-year-long loyal engineers in Europe ✓ European work life balance → hire new teams with small but important parts of the product → give a new perspective on how to work in the future ✓ greater, taken-for-granted, professional mobility in the US shouldn't result in resistance What motivates you to apply for this job? ✓ international scale of the business → willing to compromise on compensation & level of responsibilities provided there is room for growth 13 Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist C1 Politics 12 3 Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist | Fortune active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist | Fortune Christine Lagarde on the challenges encountered and lessons learned becoming the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Introduction well good evening we are so delighted to have m madame lagard um and I we've tried a few times before and I want to give a good shout out to our mutual friend Ambassador Sue Schwab for convincing you to come so Andy shared with us obviously needless to say there's a lot of financial crisis issues that we have to deal with um in this conversation but as is our prerogative at most powerful Women's Summit we want to get to know you a little bit first and Andy started that process and of course everybody knows the firsts about you the first chair of bigam mcken Law Firm first uh uh Finance Minister of a G8 country first female IMF um director but there are a lot of little known facts about your time here in America um you did work for William Cohen where you you opened mail during the Watergate period uh where you got to from French Canadian citizens from Maine and you had to do impeach Nixon don't impeach Nixon that was sort of your job um the other interesting thing about about you is that you spent a year at Holton arms you were pretty daring you smoked cigarettes you use chamomile in your hair to make it blonder um you ate copia amounts of yogurt but here's the most interesting fact to me you hated math and in fact in the yearbook you said please no more math how did someone who hates math become the most important woman on the International Financial [Laughter] scene well thank you very much for the Interview process for IMF job introduction uh I did and actually I think I still do um but I think the way math was taught both at Halton and prior to that in in in French school was certainly not conducive to uh you know people not so inclined to actually like math um when I when I then studied law and and economics actually a bit um there are lots of things that things that I liked about having a more scientific approach but I still don't like math to this day and uh I'm delighted that I have really fantastic econometrist experts in modeling people who know it all about math and I listen to them and I pick their brain it gives us all hope as math haters so you know when you went to interview for this the IMF job it wasn't just a given I mean you went through a pretty grueling process can you describe that well the process had to do with um having the support of as many countries as possible and um there were a few competitors to begin with the most serious one was my friend Austin Ken who is now the governor of the Central Bank of Mexico so he was zigzagging the world in One Direction and I was zigzagging the world in the other direction to make sure that we did not meet uh and yet we had to cover the same essentially the same authorities and the same countries around the world so I never traveled as extensively as I did at that time and then that was followed once the sort of the short list was was arrived at that was followed by an interview with with members of the board which was quite quite an experience because that board still today only has one it's a board of 24 members and there is only one woman on the board who is there are a few alternates but as far as members are concerned there's only one female member and that's the US Representative but that day uh Meg had to attend the article for review with Treasury and and fed so she was not sitting at the table as a result of which I was interviewed by 24 men which was you know an interesting phenomenon when you are yourself Minister of Finance you've handled the presidency by front of the G20 you've gone through the crisis of 2008 2009 and there you are facing you know 24 very cous respect respectful and nice men um it came as a shock yeah and was did you have to cram I mean was it a difficult learning process to get through that it was exhausting because prior to the 24 U board setting I had to spend half an hour with each of the 24 over a course of two two days so that was that was a bit so nothing comes easy even in your life no no no and it's interesting I some career choice choices have been made or at least one was made for you in that the male dominated um French school that and I that that turns out French politicians and and bureaucrats and so forth you were turned down twice by that school um talk about that but also some career choices that decisions that you've had to make along the way and what was the best advice you ever got well I think having been turned down twice first time for incompetency the second for um for having missed the deadline what do you mean by that incompetency in what well I was I wasn't prepared enough I hadn't studied hard enough and I was I was in love that year so I spent a lot more time so and the second time around I I missed the deadline and I think that was a you know missed you know whether that was a good turnout of of things or not I don't know but fce to say that I went back a few years later and uh I was asked to give a speech to those young bright kids from Ina and I have to say that that day I felt really really powerful you know I had flunked and there I was coming to tell them about the uh legalization of society or some really obscure matter that they had no interest in actually um but you know two things that I take away from that is you failed somewhere you know bounce back get on with it have a few drinks or whatever uh takes you away from that but move on don't don't don't don't you know start um don't feel sorry about yourself don't lose confidence just move on move to something else um the second time I felt exactly the same is when I I interviewed in Paris at the time for one of the top uh law firms and and I had all the credentials and I had done all the right things and the resume was fine and I was behaving properly and all the rest of it and the hiring partner who was also the managing partner said to me well we'll we'll we'll take you we'll take you as an associate but don't expect ever to make partnership and that was a really really very high standing you know excellent law firm and I said well why is that that was back in 7 in 79 and he said well because you're a woman so again you know I packed my things and I just run I didn't want to have anything to do with these people so sometimes you have to pick your fight and and really persist but on other occasions if people don't deserve you just go move on yeah did you get advice along the way or Advice from mentors did you create your advice you know in those days uh there were not many uh not much by way of mentoring coaching and and support so I had uh I had my mother to support me and she was a she was an extraordinary uh support I and you lost your father when you were just 16 yeah and I constantly opposed my mother but she was nonetheless a great support and I didn't really know it but she was a role model and I constantly had my fights with her but that's we we often do that daughters and mother's relationships are complicated um but then I was hired by a a female partner at Becka McKenzie and she was a role model for me she was uh she was a strongest she was in my view the best lawyer in the uh in the firm and she was always discreetly in those days you had to do things quite discreetly she would support the young female Associates and elegant I think you said she was she was yeah yeah always yeah um you I'm going to let you say this in French you've referred to this that sort of bite the bullet and keep smiling you say it um it's greet your teeth and smile grit your teeth and smile so that's a phrase I I believe you learned during synchronized swimming a sport that you took up which is interestingly enough you took it up in 1968 when the schools were shut down over a student protest right um but you went into synchronized swimming right um you've also said that as a woman you have to Elbow your way in what's an example in recent years or especially at the IMF where you've had to apply both those or either of those precepts you know I'm not sure I would say elbow your way in because I in that there is something of you know sort of push people out of your way I think you can very much uh progress and and make your way as hton would say in wakam if you remember yeah um for those Stand your ground who don't speak Latin on a day-to-day basis it's you know I'll I'll I'll find my way if I don't find it I will make it so I think you can actually make your way you can you can um Follow Your Destiny without necessarily being aggressive without pushing people you can you can let other people progress as well along the way but you should not shy away from the things that you are you feel strongly about and I'll give you an example when we had um you know we had to deal with Greece uh quite a lot in the last few years and back two years ago we had great difficulties is about you know what was the next step and was the debt sustainable or not and over what period of time would it become sustainable and there was a lot of um a lot of disagreement a lot of controversy a lot of political ganging uh on on that particular topic but I knew we we were right I knew we had checked the numbers times and and again and I knew that the debt sustainability analysis that we were producing was sound solid and and and was a good principle on which to build to help that country restore it the situation so I stood my ground and when Angela Merkel said oh Christine you know how can you be so certain a debt sustainability analysis is only a debt sustainability analysis after all and I said yeah but that's what where you want to Anchor everything you do and if you throw you know zillion in a country you want to have a good anchoring point so that to me was a bit of a defining moment when we stood our ground other members of the troa were not necessarily as convinced as we were but it wasn't elbowing my way it was saying we've done it we've reviewed it it's it's solid in terms of analysis and we have to build around it and you got some heat for that and you got some heat for suggesting that the Greek um the Greek style of paying taxes probably wasn't up to enough and you got some heat when you said that the European Banks were under capitalized let's take that sharp eye to Europe right now and tell us what needs to be done a lot needs to be done but I want to because it's easy to do to to go for the Euro bashing that that's that's been the game for the last two years and uh they have done an awful lot for people who don't understand Europe they don't they don't understand what they've done but you know I've been Finance Minister for four years and they have done a lot what they need to do today is keep up keep up the work keep up the reform that they have started doing you know that's the case for product and service Market it's the case for labor market it's the case particularly uh in the uh in in the banking sector there's a lot of uh fragmentation still going on there is not a good monetary transmission going on they have to work on that they have to continue the job that they have started they will be doing a lot of um what they call balance sheet assessment asset quality review stress testing and all the rest of it I don't think we should start from the basis that then they're going to do a bad job we should give them the credit of wanting to do it seriously wanting to coordinate the work from the ECB where Mario Mario dragy has done an extraordinary job to rescue that zone but now that they they want to do it it's going to be messy there will be obstacles there will be uh hiccups on the way there will be bumps on the road the media will say how terrible it is at the end of the day they will make it I'm convinced of it and I think that there is the political will the political urge to actually keep it together those people some of them have suffered in their flesh in their family from what's happened uh back 70 years ago they're not going to let it drop like that because of lack of Courage their courage will be eventually there to to respond to the uh the challenge it's a huge challenge you bring 18 countries together I'm talking about the Euro Zone here you bring 18 countries with 18 different flags 18 different national anthems 18 different defense and you ask them to have one single currency one single set of fiscal policies that are compatible with each other and to bring their banking system Under One Roof with one resolution system it's a a job yeah Time is short I I'd love to go beyond this there's so much more to say about this but um time is short so we do have to uh turn your attention a little closer to this town um I thought of your turn your your precept uh grit my teeth when you had all the ministers here this weekend and you watched what was going on on the hill um I wonder you know but you've also spent a lot of time here and understand the political system here were you not sure explaining it or tearing your hair out or you don't you don't you don't understand it go ahead you know what what was complicated Unconventional monetary policy this week actually is that we had about 300 Ministers of finance and governance of Central Bank from all all around the world and we had you know we had a focus which was essentially unconventional monetary policy and consequences for the rest of the world how do we develop anchor the recovery how do we make sure that Emerging Markets are going to continue to do well without suffering from tapering and d d d and and the only thing that was on their mind was when is this going to end what what is this discussion about the debt ceiling and it was it it really uh completely overwhelmed the discussion and it's it's Debt ceiling believe me it's it's difficult to explain u i mean you can explain the the the the sort of direct fiscal consequences you can try to imagine what the indirect consequences will be you can try to speculate about what a message will be on the markets you can imagine the accident you can assume that it's going to be worse than previous events but it's difficult to explain the rationale behind it and you've warned of course over the last couple days of massive disruption if Thursday passes and um there isn't a deal but what if there is a deal which most likely will happen where the deadlines just pushed off for another two months another three months doesn't that create an uncertainty in the markets in and of itself what's the danger of putting off the deadline what going to be to put Susan Collins and her friends back back US economy and Senator kobar yes uh back to the drawing board yet again because I think that uh it it will reactivate the same sort of trepidation anxiety and and worries what's amazing is that the United States of America first largest economy in the world is still and will probably continue to be regarded as a as a safe heaven to which can flow back when there is trouble now you know it's a bit like a rubber band when you you pull you pull you pull you pull it works it works it works and but who wants to take the risk of that breaking so again so there's danger to even putting off the deadline till a January or you just reactivate the same debate over right and is there a danger to the economy the US economy and the world economy by not addressing the debt US debt mean and I don't mean like I don't I mean like not not you know taking steps to address the US debt did you consider that a a a damper on the economic growth yeah that that's I mean it's it's a it's the most serious thing that could happen if if it is not addressed if it's not um tackled tackled it it will it will be um very very damaging and not just for the US economy for for all economies I guess I mean like in you know reform to you know bring spending and and and and borrowing into line do you consider that is the well that's that's another debate you know I think the most critical one is the issue of the debt sealing okay that's the issue of you know default no default what's a technical default what's a real default and so on and so forth but so that's what you're talking that's the most urgent matter the rest the fiscal policy of the United States of America I summarize it for my simple as um you know slow down but hurry Fiscal policy up and describe that well slowdown means um no brutal um heavy duty uh fiscal consolidation in the short run because you're going to prevent recovery from taking roots and and cons and and strengthening but hurry up to take the measures now that are going to deal with the um the the long-term liabilities that will come to haunt the United States back in 2020 whether it's entitlement or whether it's high interests that will come to haunt the economy in the in in 2020 if nothing is done before so that's why we say hurry up do do it now because it will produce results in the years to come and it will address the situation that would otherwise be very difficult in 2020 there's a lot of talk about a new normal in the US and in frankly in the global economy where we're going to have um even when we have econ economic growth it's not going to be followed by job growth do you see unemployment rates getting to pre-recession levels and at what Unemployment point if you look at numbers in this country and if you look at unemployment numbers it has progressed enormously it's gone from the highest at 10% down to 7.3% so take granted the participation rate is probably lower and the number that we should also look at is employment numbers uh but there has been progress and and jobs are being created it's the same in other countries not very fast in in Europe and in the Euro Zone in particular but U you know there are signs of of Hope where those jobs will be what will be the job content how the economic model is going to change uh to you know to what uh business model are we heading to I think we we are facing huge transitions at the moment and um that better have because otherwise we're not just facing economic problems we'll be facing social problems and you've warned about um a rush to the exit for the fed's what you call unconventional monetary policies $85 billion a month in in the QE program um is that something you communicated to Ben banki before their decision to stay the course you know central banks are Central Banks independent um but what I have said including in Jackson Hall where all Central bankers get together is that given that the fed's decisions has impact across the world it would be appropriate not just to communicate well uh not just to gradually phase out but also to cooperate with other Central Bankers so that they understand what precautions they have to take uh what consequences uh it will be for them and they can prepare better so so I'm not sure they all happy to to cooperate I think I think they would be well advised to do so but and I know you wanted to mention um the IMF came out with a gender study which is the first time I believe that you've looked at the impact of gender in the world economy um can you talk about Japan in particular was an interesting case study of what for cultural reasons women aren't in that economy to the level they are other in other industrialized countries what has that done to growth in Japan I'm looking at it the other way what Growth in Japan could it give to growth uh in Japan and we we just recently published for the first time a study that is called women work and the economy but we also did a special chapter on Japan because Japan has a very specific issue they have an aging population they're not particularly um immigration prone they say the least and currently Japanese women are not participating in society as much as the average oecd country so the resources that the Japanese people can tap into are the Japanese women but for all sorts of reasons including cultural lack of um institutions that can help with uh child care and uh and a general sort of attitude of society towards uh female participation it's not happening now as a follow-up to that study that we published exactly a year ago I'm pleased to report that maybe not attributable to us but prime minister Abbe has made it part of his budget and commitment to actually really fund child care centers in Japan and to encourage women to join the workforce they are far better educated than Japanese male uh they really can contribute to uh the growth of society and by our account and I don't claim the math credit to it but the teams are are doing it the the GDP of Japan could increase by about 9% just as a result of their participation and that before the end of the decade so that's really help important two more Quotas quick questions before we get the cane um you and quick answer to this you've gone from describing quotas for women in EUR in terms of Europe uh for women board members is offensive to saying it should be a temporary measure at least correct what should be a temporary measure I'm sorry quotas for um women and board members yes sorry on you Europe we're back to Europe real quick yeah yeah yeah so you think they're important as a temporary measure but look it's it's working um when when I was Finance Minister we uh supported a a bill that went through uh that requires that there be at least 20% women on the board of companies uh by 2014 and that they be 20% um 40% by 2020 theyve ex exceeded the threshold of 20% already so I think quotas should not be a longlasting feature because we can do better than that uh but at least in the first stage when you have such a big step uh to to to take yes temporarily I think it's it's very helpful and we should use it it will be used by the way on the paneuropean basis since you won't answer this last question I'll ask the audience to answer it um Madame lagard is French president oh thank thank you so much it's been an honor thank you thank [Applause] you When you went to interview for this IMF job it wasn't just a given. ]]> ✓ having the support of as many countries as possible ✓ competing with her friend Austin Ken → travelled extensively ✓ going through an interview with members of the board (still today only has one woman out of 24 members) to be a given = something that is certain to happen or to be He (Austin Ken, governor of the Central Bank of Mexico at the time of this interview) was zigzagging the world in one direction, and I was zigzagging the world in the other direction to make sure that we did not meet. And yet, we had to cover essentially the same authorities and the same countries around the world ]]> ✓ both competing for the same job → tried not to ruin their friendship with rival, professional interests I was interviewed by 24 men, which was - you know - an interesting phenomenon when you are yourself Minister of Finance, you've handled the presidency by front of the G20, you've gone through the crisis of 2008 2009 and there you are, facing - you know - 24 very respectful and nice men, it came as a shock. ]]> ✓ was currently Minister of Finance ✓ had handled the presidency of the G20 ✓ experienced crises of 2008 2009 We'll take you as an associate but don't expect ever to make partnership, and that was a really, really very high standing - you know - excellent law firm, and I said 'Well, why is that?' That was back in '79 and he said: 'Well, because you're a woman' So, again - you know - I packed my things and I just ran, I didn't want to have anything to do with these people. So, sometimes, you have to pick your fight, and really persist, but on other occasions, if people don't deserve you, just go - move on! ]]> ✓ no time or energy to fight every little wrong or injustice → choose wisely which battles are worth time and energy to engage in ✓ if would take too much effort for relatively little gain → might be better letting it go and finding a more worthy battle to fight I'm not sure I would say elbow your way in, because in that there is something of - you know - sort of push people out of your way. I think you can very much progress and make your way if you remember - for those who don't speak Latin on a day-to-day basis, Stand your ground ]]> ✓ find your own way ✓ if you don't find it, make it ✓ follow your destiny without necessarily being aggressive → don't push people you = let others progress as well along the way → should not shy away from the things that you feel strongly about When Angela Merkel said: Oh, Christine, you know! How can you be so certain? A debt sustainability analysis is only a debt sustainability analysis after all! And I said: 'Yeah, but that's what where you want to anchor everything you do. And if you throw - you know - a zillion in a country, you want to have a good anchoring point! So, that to me was a bit of a defining moment when we stood our ground. Other members of the board were not necessarily as convinced as we were but it wasn't elbowing my way! It was saying: 'We've done it, we've reviewed it, it's solid in terms of analysis and we have to build around it. ]]> ✓ secure reference or attachment point → provides stability, a baseline for comparison, or a focal takeaway The resources that the Japanese people can tap into are the Japanese women but for all sorts of reasons, including cultural, lack of institutions that can help with child care, and a general sort of attitude of society towards female participation. Prime minister Abbe has made it part of his budget and commitment to actually really fund child care centres in Japan, and to encourage women to join the workforce. They are far better educated than Japanese male, they really can contribute to the growth of society, and by our account - and I don't claim the math credit to it but the teams are doing it - the GDP of Japan could increase by about 9% just as a result of their participation, and that before the end of the decade. ]]> ✓ smallest share of female employment among OECD members 11 20221005-1805 Making suggestions active grammar 10 4 Use of language active 1 textbook When I was Finance Minister, we supported a bill that went through that requires that there be at least 20% women on the board of companies by 2014 and that they be 40% by 2020 What form is it? ✓ subjunctive ]]> 9 20190418-1837 active review grammar_subjunctive_and_unreal_past_selection_c1_01.csv 8 5 Role play active role_play pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png You have been invited to debate about the glass ceiling in politics. → practise the subjunctive → recycle new expressions and language You don't believe the glass ceiling is still a reality in the 21st century ✓ the G20 is such an intergovernmental organisation! ✓ surely it must be a role model ✓ going back to the drawing board ✓ find an inclusive environment isn't such a gurelling process any more You have witnessed multiple cases of gender discrimination in international organisations, including politics. ✓ you'd expect remuneration be more transparent but... ✓ it is advisable boards review their policies ✓ equal rights are not a given, even in politics! ✓ whoever you are, you'd still need to elbow your way in ✓ pick your fights 7 Trans-Tasman relations = foreign relations between neighbouring countries Australia and New Zealand to be a given = something that is certain to happen or to be to pick one's fights = to choose which conflicts or issues are truly worth your time, energy, and effort instead of fighting every little wrong or injustice; also means knowing when to raise issues versus letting them go gruelling = very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time back to the drawing board = used to indicate that an idea, scheme, or proposal has been unsuccessful and that a new one must be devised to haunt = to continue to cause problems for sb for a long time to bite the bullet = to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over 6 20260114 08:30-09:30 1.5 active Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist (1/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist → watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk Zoom meeting details I.Zimin - D.Potter's Zoom Meeting Meeting ID: 761 4548 2631 Passcode: 9CRp6b https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76145482631?pwd=3XKDvcA06MQ2389xwAcbRCBBdeqpML.1 ]]> Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist C1 Politics 5 1 Gender gap in politics active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Is gender gap still a reality among white collars? Answer the questions.]]> What could explain the gender gap in politics in the 21st century? ✓ traditions ✓ prejudice in the field of decision-making ✓ glass ceiling ✓ cultural values (e.g. in Japan) ✓ socialising & informal professional activities such as networking (e.g. going to the sauna) have ✓ iron ladies from different countries remain an exception to the rule = selection bias → women have to be excessively firm to overcome gender-based discrimination Do you believe women have any traits that are more relevant to politics than men's? ✓ empathy → better facilitator = less likely to go to war than men ✓ accommodating What would you expect to learn from prominent female politicians such as M.Thatcher, U.von der Leyen, C.Lagarde? ✓ both anecdotal hurdles and success stories ✓ evidence of disparate gender roles → focus on how to be the wisest in the room 4 2 A G20 - IMF facts wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png G20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising {~19 =20 ~21} sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the {=African Union ~EuroAsian Economic Union ~South American ~Trans-Tasma Economic Area}. It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change {~eradication ~facilitation =mitigation} and sustainable development. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the {~USA =United Nations ~European Union}, and an international financial institution funded by {~18 ~21 =191} member countries. It is regarded as the global {=lender ~borrower ~collateral} of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability. The IMF stated mission is "working to foster global {~fiscal ~military =monetary} cooperation, secure financial stability, {=facilitate ~strictly regulate ~deregulate} international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce {~taxes ~military conflicts =poverty} around the world. 3 2 B Target vocab wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png something that is certain to happen or to be {=to be a given ~to be taken ~to be a written} very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time {=gruelling ~grumbling ~grafting} to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over {=to bite the bullet ~to kick the bullet ~to swallow the bullet} 2 Trans-Tasman relations = foreign relations between neighbouring countries Australia and New Zealand to be a given = something that is certain to happen or to be to pick one's fights = to choose which conflicts or issues are truly worth your time, energy, and effort instead of fighting every little wrong or injustice; also means knowing when to raise issues versus letting them go gruelling = very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time back to the drawing board = used to indicate that an idea, scheme, or proposal has been unsuccessful and that a new one must be devised to haunt = to continue to cause problems for sb for a long time to bite the bullet = to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over 1